如何从 Linux shell 运行与当前工作目录不同的程序?
使用 Linux shell，如何使用与当前工作目录不同的工作目录启动程序?
Using a Linux shell, how do I start a program with a different working directory from the current working directory?
例如，我有一个二进制文件 helloworld，它在 当前目录 中创建了文件 hello-world.txt.
该文件位于目录 /a 内.
For example, I have a binary file helloworld that creates the file hello-world.txt in the current directory.
This file is inside of directory /a.
目前，我在目录 /b 中.我想启动我的程序，运行 ../a/helloworld 并在第三个目录 /c 中的某个位置获取 hello-world.txt.
Currently, I am in the directory /b. I want to start my program running ../a/helloworld and get the hello-world.txt somewhere in a third directory /c.
这样调用程序:
(cd /c; /a/helloworld)
括号会产生一个子shell.这个子shell然后将其工作目录更改为/c，然后从/a执行helloworld.程序退出后，子 shell 终止，让您返回到父 shell 的提示符，位于您开始的目录中.
The parentheses cause a sub-shell to be spawned. This sub-shell then changes its working directory to /c, then executes helloworld from /a. After the program exits, the sub-shell terminates, returning you to your prompt of the parent shell, in the directory you started from.
错误处理:为了避免在未更改目录的情况下运行程序，例如当拼写错误 /c 时，使 helloworld 的执行有条件:
Error handling: To avoid running the program without having changed the directory, e.g. when having misspelled /c, make the execution of helloworld conditional:
(cd /c && /a/helloworld)
减少内存使用:为了避免子shell在hello world执行时浪费内存，通过exec调用helloworld:
Reducing memory usage: To avoid having the subshell waste memory while hello world executes, call helloworld via exec:
(cd /c && exec /a/helloworld)
[感谢 Josh 和 Juliano 提供有关改进此答案的提示！]
[Thanks to Josh and Juliano for giving tips on improving this answer!]