如何从Linux Shell运行与当前工作目录不同的程序?
使用 Linux shell ，如何使用与当前工作目录不同的工作目录启动程序?
Using a Linux shell, how do I start a program with a different working directory from the current working directory?
例如，我有一个二进制文件helloworld，可在当前目录中创建文件hello-world.txt.
此文件位于目录/a中.
For example, I have a binary file helloworld that creates the file hello-world.txt in the current directory.
This file is inside of directory /a.
当前，我在目录/b中.我想启动运行../a/helloworld的程序，并将hello-world.txt放在第三个目录/c中.
Currently, I am in the directory /b. I want to start my program running ../a/helloworld and get the hello-world.txt somewhere in a third directory /c.
像这样调用程序:
(cd /c; /a/helloworld)
括号引起子壳的产生.然后，该子外壳将其工作目录更改为/c，然后从/a执行helloworld.程序退出后，子Shell终止，返回到您从其开始的目录中的父Shell提示符.
The parentheses cause a sub-shell to be spawned. This sub-shell then changes its working directory to /c, then executes helloworld from /a. After the program exits, the sub-shell terminates, returning you to your prompt of the parent shell, in the directory you started from.
错误处理::为避免在未更改目录的情况下运行程序，例如/c拼写错误时，请按条件执行helloworld:
Error handling: To avoid running the program without having changed the directory, e.g. when having misspelled /c, make the execution of helloworld conditional:
(cd /c && /a/helloworld)
减少内存使用量:为避免在hello world执行时子外壳浪费内存，请通过exec调用helloworld:
Reducing memory usage: To avoid having the subshell waste memory while hello world executes, call helloworld via exec:
(cd /c && exec /a/helloworld)
[Thanks to Josh and Juliano for giving tips on improving this answer!]