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如何使自定义视图调整与Cocoa自动布局的窗口？

分类: 技术问答 • 2022-03-31 23:36:12

如何使自定义视图调整与Cocoa自动布局的窗口？

问题描述：

我有一个窗口，其中有一个自定义视图，我想要自定义视图调整窗口大小，以便它随时完全填充。
如果我写：

I have a single window with a single custom view in it, and I want the custom view to resize with the window so that it entirely fills it at any time. If I write:

NSView *contentView = [self.window contentView];
CustomView *customView = [[CustomView alloc] initWithFrame:[contentView bounds]];
[contentView addSubview:customView];
[contentView addConstraint:
    [NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:customView
        attribute:NSLayoutAttributeWidth
        relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual
        toItem:contentView
        attribute:NSLayoutAttributeWidth
        multiplier:1
        constant:0]];
[contentView addConstraint:
    [NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:customView
        attribute:NSLayoutAttributeHeight
        relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual
        toItem:contentView
        attribute:NSLayoutAttributeHeight
        multiplier:1
        constant:0]];

然后窗口不允许我调整它的大小。

如果我添加：

Then the window doesn't let me resize it.
If I add:

[customView setTranslatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints:NO];

然后自定义视图不出现（ drawRect：似乎永远不会被调用）。
我尝试了不同的方式（包括视觉格式 @| [customview] |），但我总是遇到相同的问题。我知道它可以用较旧的自动调整系统，与：

Then the custom view doesn't appear (drawRect: seems to never be called). I tried different ways (including the visual format @"|[customview]|") but I always run into the same problems. I know it could be done with the older autoresizing system, with:

[customView setAutoresizingMask:NSViewWidthSizable|NSViewHeightSizable];

但我想使用Cocoa Auto Layout系统，我想将其用于更复杂的情况（像几个自定义视图总是填充窗口）。

but I want to use the Cocoa Auto Layout system, and I want to use it for more complicated cases (like several custom views that always fill the window).

有人知道什么是错的，我应该如何使用自动布局系统来获得我想要的结果？

Does anyone know what is wrong and how I should use the Auto Layout system to get the result that I want?

答

使用自动布局，有至少三种可能的方法来限制视图，以便占据整个窗口的内容

With Auto Layout, there are (at least) three possible ways to constrain a view so that it occupies the entire window’s content view, resizing when appropriate.

NSView *contentView = [_window contentView];
MyView *customView = [[MyView alloc] initWithFrame:[contentView bounds]];
[customView setTranslatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints:NO];

[contentView addSubview:customView];

NSDictionary *views = NSDictionaryOfVariableBindings(customView);

[contentView addConstraints:
    [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"H:|[customView]|"
        options:0
        metrics:nil
        views:views]];

[contentView addConstraints:
    [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"V:|[customView]|"
    options:0
    metrics:nil
    views:views]];



边缘的程序化约束



这应该等同于上面的视觉格式）

Programmatic constraints for the edges

(this should be equivalent to the visual format above)

+ (void)addEdgeConstraint:(NSLayoutAttribute)edge superview:(NSView *)superview subview:(NSView *)subview {
    [superview addConstraint:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:subview
        attribute:edge
        relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual
        toItem:superview
        attribute:edge
        multiplier:1
        constant:0]];
}

和

NSView *contentView = [_window contentView];
MyView *customView = [[MyView alloc] initWithFrame:[contentView bounds]];
[customView setTranslatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints:NO];

[contentView addSubview:customView];

[[self class] addEdgeConstraint:NSLayoutAttributeLeft superview:contentView subview:customView];
[[self class] addEdgeConstraint:NSLayoutAttributeRight superview:contentView subview:customView];
[[self class] addEdgeConstraint:NSLayoutAttributeTop superview:contentView subview:customView];
[[self class] addEdgeConstraint:NSLayoutAttributeBottom superview:contentView subview:customView];



大小的程序约束



Programmatic constraint for the size

NSView *contentView = [_window contentView];
MyView *customView = [[MyView alloc] initWithFrame:[contentView bounds]];
[customView setTranslatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints:NO];

[contentView addSubview:customView];

[contentView addConstraint:
    [NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:customView
        attribute:NSLayoutAttributeWidth
        relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual
        toItem:contentView
        attribute:NSLayoutAttributeWidth
        multiplier:1
        constant:0]];
[contentView addConstraint:
    [NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:customView
        attribute:NSLayoutAttributeHeight
        relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual
        toItem:contentView
        attribute:NSLayoutAttributeHeight
        multiplier:1
        constant:0]];





第三种方法是问题中列出的如果有进一步的限制，它可能不工作。例如，无：

The third approach is the one listed in the question and it may not work if there are further constraints. For example, without:

[customView setTranslatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints:NO];

也会应用原始自动调整掩码，这会导致问题中描述的行为：窗口

the original autoresize mask is applied as well, which leads to the behaviour described in the question: the window isn’t resized.

如Regexident所述，您可以使用：

As mentioned by Regexident, you can use:

[_window visualizeConstraints:[contentView constraints]];

调试自动布局。这也值得检查控制台输出。

to debug Auto Layout. It’s worth checking the console output as well.

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