JAVA单链表的实现-不带头结点且没有尾指针

JAVA单链表的实现-不带头结点且没有尾指针

本程序采用JAVA语言实现了线性表的链式实现。首先定义了线性表的接口ListInterface,然后LList类实现了ListInterface完成了链表的实现。

本实现中,链表是不带表头结点的,且有一个指针始终指向链表中的第一个元素,并没有定义尾指针。因此,每次向链表中插入新结点时需要遍历链表一次。

更详细的解释参考《数据结构与算法分析 JAVA语言描述第二版》Frank M. Carrano 著

ListInterface接口的定义如下:

public interface ListInterface<T> {
    public boolean add(T newEntry);
    public boolean add(int givenPosition, T newEntry);
    public void clear();
    public T remove(int givenPosition);
    public boolean replace(int givenPosition, T newEntry);
    public T getEntry(int givenPosition);
    public boolean contains(T anEntry);
    public int getLength();
    public boolean isEmpty();
    public void display();
}

具体的实现类LList定义如下:

public class LList<T> implements ListInterface<T>{

    private Node firstNode;//指向第一个结点的指针,该链表是不带头结点的单链表
    private int length;//表示单链表的长度
    
    //Node类中不需要定义访问属性的get方法以及set方法,因为Node是内部类,内部类的属性可以直接在外部类中被访问
    class Node{
        //Node是内部类,其外部类中已经定义了T,故可以在这里使用通配符T
        private T data;//结点的数据部分
        private Node next;//结点的指针部分,指向下一个结点
        //Node类中不需要默认构造器
        public Node(T dataPortion){
            data = dataPortion;
        }
        public Node(T dataPortion, Node nextNode){
            data = dataPortion;
            next = nextNode;
        }
    }
    
    public LList(){
        clear();
    }
    //获取链表中指定位置处的结点
    private Node getNodeAt(int givenPosition){
        assert (!isEmpty() && ((1 <= givenPosition) && (givenPosition <= length)));
        Node currentNode = firstNode;
        for(int counter = 1; counter < givenPosition; counter++){
            currentNode = currentNode.next;
        }
        assert currentNode != null;
        return currentNode;
    }
    
    @Override
    public boolean add(T newEntry) {
        // 将每个新结点插入到链表的末尾,通过getNodeAt()方法来获得最后一个元素的地址
        Node newNode = new Node(newEntry);
        if(isEmpty()){//插入第一个结点
            firstNode = newNode;
        }
        else{//在其它位置插入结点
            Node lastNode = getNodeAt(length);//这里每插入一个元素都需要遍历一次链表,代价较大
            lastNode.next = newNode;
        }
        length++;
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean add(int givenPosition, T newEntry){//在指定位置处插入结点
        boolean isSuccessful = true;
        if(givenPosition >= 1 && givenPosition <= length + 1){
            Node newNode = new Node(newEntry);
            if(isEmpty() || givenPosition == 1){//在第一个位置处插入结点
                newNode.next = firstNode;
                firstNode = newNode;
            }
            else{//在其它位置插入结点
                Node nodeBefore = getNodeAt(givenPosition - 1);
                Node nodeAfter = nodeBefore.next;
                nodeBefore.next = newNode;
                newNode.next = nodeAfter;
            }
            length++;
        }
        else
            isSuccessful = false;
        return isSuccessful;
    }

    @Override
    public final void clear() {//clear()在构造器中被调用了,所以用final修饰
        firstNode = null;
        length = 0;
    }

    @Override
    public T remove(int givenPosition) {//删除指定位置处的结点
        T result = null;
        if((!isEmpty()) && ((givenPosition >= 1) && (givenPosition <= length))){
            if(givenPosition == 1){//删除第一个位置处的结点
                result = firstNode.data;
                firstNode = firstNode.next;
            }
            else//删除表中其它位置结点
            {
                Node nodeBefore = getNodeAt(givenPosition - 1);
                Node nodeToRemove = nodeBefore.next;
                Node nodeAfter = nodeToRemove.next;
                nodeBefore.next = nodeAfter;
                result = nodeToRemove.data;
            }
            length--;
        }
        return result;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean replace(int givenPosition, T newEntry) {//替换指定位置处结点的值
        boolean isSuccessful = true;
        if((!isEmpty()) && ((givenPosition >= 1) && (givenPosition <= length))){
            Node desireNode = getNodeAt(givenPosition);
            desireNode.data = newEntry;
        }
        else
            isSuccessful = false;
        return isSuccessful;
    }

    @Override
    public T getEntry(int givenPosition) {//获取指定位置的结点的值
        T result = null;
        if((!isEmpty()) && ((givenPosition >= 1) && (givenPosition <= length))){
            result = getNodeAt(givenPosition).data;
        }
        return result;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean contains(T anEntry) {//判断链表中的结点是否包含某个值
        boolean found = false;
        Node currentNode = firstNode;
        while(!found && currentNode != null){
            if(currentNode.data.equals(anEntry)){
                found = true;
                break;
            }
            currentNode = currentNode.next;
        }
        return found;
    }

    @Override
    public int getLength() {//获取链表的长度
        return length;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isEmpty() {//判断链表是否为空
        boolean result;
        if(length == 0){
            assert firstNode == null;
            result = true;
        }
        else{
            assert firstNode != null;
            result = false;
        }
        return result;
    }

    @Override
    public void display() {//遍历链表,显示链表中的每个结点的值
        Node currentNode = firstNode;
        while(currentNode != null){
            System.out.println(currentNode.data);
            currentNode = currentNode.next;
        }
    }
}