python3子进程pip"ImportError:无法导入名称main"在终端
问题描述：
我创建了一个脚本(请参阅下文)以升级我的所有pip包.我通过idle3成功执行了脚本，即使用idle3打开脚本并按F5将脚本作为模块运行.但是，我无法在终端中执行它；出现以下错误. 如何克服此错误?为什么在终端中发生导入错误，而在idle3中却没有发生导入错误?
I created a script (see below) to upgrade all my pip packages. I successfully executed my script via idle3, i.e. open the script using idle3 and pressing F5 to run the script as a module. However, I am not able to execute it in the terminal; got the below error. How do I overcome this error? Why does the import error happen in terminal but not in idle3?
$ python3 -m upgrade_pip_packages
====================================================
UPGRADING ALL --USER PIP PACKAGES TO LATEST VERSION:
====================================================
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/bin/pip", line 9, in <module>
from pip import main
ImportError: cannot import name main
ERROR: Command 'pip list' returned non-zero exit status 1
我的脚本: upgrade_pip_packages.py
#!/bin/python3
import subprocess
from pprint import pprint
def get_pkgs():
try:
cmd = 'pip list'
completed = subprocess.run( cmd, shell=True, check=True,
stdout=subprocess.PIPE )
except subprocess.CalledProcessError as err:
print( 'ERROR:', err )
else:
for line in completed.stdout.decode('utf-8').splitlines()[2:]:
yield line
def update_pkgs(piplist):
npackages = 0
nupgrades = 0
nerrors = 0
upgradelist = []
errorlist = []
for i in piplist:
npackages += 1
pkgname, ver = i.split()
print('\n',pkgname)
try:
cmd = 'pip install --user {} --upgrade'.format(pkgname)
completed = subprocess.run( cmd, shell=True, check=True,
stdout=subprocess.PIPE )
except subprocess.CalledProcessError as err:
nerrors += 1
errorlist.append(pkgname)
print( 'ERROR: {}'.format(err) )
else:
for line in completed.stdout.decode('utf-8').splitlines():
print(line)
if 'Successfully installed' in line:
nupgrades +=1
upgradelist.append(pkgname)
return npackages, nupgrades, nerrors, upgradelist, errorlist
def main():
print('====================================================')
print('UPGRADING ALL --USER PIP PACKAGES TO LATEST VERSION:')
print('====================================================')
pip_pkgs = get_pkgs() # created a generator
npackages, nupgrades, nerrors, upgradelist, errorlist \
= update_pkgs(pip_pkgs)
print('\nNo. of --user pip packages = {}'.format(npackages))
print('No. of upgrades = {}'.format(nupgrades))
print('No. of upgrade errors = {}'.format(nerrors))
if upgradelist:
print('Package(s) upgraded:')
pprint(upgradelist)
if errorlist:
print('Package(s) with upgrade error:')
pprint(errorlist)
print()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
答
我找到了我的问题的答案.本质上，我的脚本必须:
I found the answer to my question. Essentially, my script had to:
import sys
并进行以下修改:
cmd = [sys.executable, '-m', 'pip', 'list'] #Change here
completed = subprocess.run( cmd,
#shell=True, #switch this off
check=True,
stdout=subprocess.PIPE )
和
cmd = [sys.executable, '-m', 'pip', 'install', '--user', pkgname, '--upgrade'] #Change here
completed = subprocess.run( cmd,
#shell=True, #switch this off
check=True,
stdout=subprocess.PIPE )