df [x]，df [[x]]，df ['x']，df [['x']]和df.x之间的差异

问题描述：

努力理解标题中5个示例之间的区别.系列和数据框架有一些用例吗?什么时候应该使用另一个?哪个等价?

Struggling to understand the difference between the 5 examples in the title. Are some use cases for series vs. data frames? When should one be used over the other? Which are equivalent?

答

df[x] —使用变量x索引一列.返回pd.Series
df[[x]] —使用变量x索引/切片单列DataFrame.返回pd.DataFrame
df['x'] —索引名为"x"的列.返回pd.Series
df[['x']] —索引/切片仅具有一个名为"x"的列的单列DataFrame.返回pd.DataFrame
df.x —点访问符表示法，等同于df['x'](但是，有

df[x] — index a column using variable x. Returns pd.Series
df[[x]] — index/slice a single-column DataFrame using variable x. Returns pd.DataFrame
df['x'] — index a column named 'x'. Returns pd.Series
df[['x']] — index/slice a single-column DataFrame having only one column named 'x'. Returns pd.DataFrame
df.x — dot accessor notation, equivalent to df['x'] (there are, however, limitations on what x can be named if dot notation is to be successfully used). Returns pd.Series

使用单括号[...]，您只能将单个列索引为系列.使用双括号[[...]]，您可以根据需要选择任意多的列，并且这些列将作为新DataFrame的一部分返回.

With single brackets [...] you may only index a single column out as a Series. With double brackets, [[...]], you may select as many columns as you need, and these columns are returned as part of a new DataFrame.

设置

示例

df[x]

0    0
1    1
2    2
3    3
4    4
5    5
Name: ID, dtype: int64

type(df[x])
pandas.core.series.Series

df['x']

0     0
1    15
2     0
3     0
4     0
5    15
Name: x, dtype: int64

type(df['x'])
pandas.core.series.Series

df[[x]]

   ID
0   0
1   1
2   2
3   3
4   4
5   5

type(df[[x]])
pandas.core.frame.DataFrame

df[['x']]

    x
0   0
1  15
2   0
3   0
4   0
5  15

type(df[['x']])
pandas.core.frame.DataFrame

df.x

0     0
1    15
2     0
3     0
4     0
5    15
Name: x, dtype: int64

type(df.x)
pandas.core.series.Series

进一步阅读
建立索引并选择数据

Further reading
Indexing and Selecting Data

df [x]，df [[x]]，df ['x']，df [['x']]和df.x之间的差异

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