如何在 ANSI C 中打印重音字符(如 á é í ó ú)

也许最好使用 Unicode.

Perhaps the best is to use Unicode.

这是如何...

首先，手动将您的控制台字体设置为Consolas"或Lucida Console"或您可以选择的任何 True-Type Unicode 字体(光栅字体"可能不起作用，那些不是 Unicode 字体，尽管它们可能包含字符你感兴趣).

First, manually set your console font to "Consolas" or "Lucida Console" or whichever True-Type Unicode font you can choose ("Raster fonts" may not work, those aren't Unicode fonts, although they may include characters you're interested in).

接下来，使用 SetConsoleOutputCP(CP_UTF8) 将控制台代码页设置为 65001 (UTF-8).

Next, set the console code page to 65001 (UTF-8) with SetConsoleOutputCP(CP_UTF8).

然后使用 WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, ...) 将您的文本转换为 UTF-8(如果它还不是 UTF-8).

Then convert your text to UTF-8 (if it's not yet in UTF-8) using WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, ...).

最后，调用 WriteConsoleA() 输出 UTF-8 文本.

Finally, call WriteConsoleA() to output the UTF-8 text.

这里有一个小函数可以为您完成所有这些事情，它是 wprintf() 的改进"变体:

Here's a little function that does all these things for you, it's an "improved" variant of wprintf():

int _wprintf(const wchar_t* format, ...)
{
  int r;
  static int utf8ModeSet = 0;
  static wchar_t* bufWchar = NULL;
  static size_t bufWcharCount = 256;
  static char* bufMchar = NULL;
  static size_t bufMcharCount = 256;
  va_list vl;
  int mcharCount = 0;

  if (utf8ModeSet == 0)
  {
    if (!SetConsoleOutputCP(CP_UTF8))
    {
      DWORD err = GetLastError();
      fprintf(stderr, "SetConsoleOutputCP(CP_UTF8) failed with error 0x%X
", err);
      utf8ModeSet = -1;
    }
    else
    {
      utf8ModeSet = 1;
    }
  }

  if (utf8ModeSet != 1)
  {
    va_start(vl, format);
    r = vwprintf(format, vl);
    va_end(vl);
    return r;
  }

  if (bufWchar == NULL)
  {
    if ((bufWchar = malloc(bufWcharCount * sizeof(wchar_t))) == NULL)
    {
      return -1;
    }
  }

  for (;;)
  {
    va_start(vl, format);
    r = vswprintf(bufWchar, bufWcharCount, format, vl);
    va_end(vl);

    if (r < 0)
    {
      break;
    }

    if (r + 2 <= bufWcharCount)
    {
      break;
    }

    free(bufWchar);
    if ((bufWchar = malloc(bufWcharCount * sizeof(wchar_t) * 2)) == NULL)
    {
      return -1;
    }
    bufWcharCount *= 2;
  }

  if (r > 0)
  {
    if (bufMchar == NULL)
    {
      if ((bufMchar = malloc(bufMcharCount)) == NULL)
      {
        return -1;
      }
    }

    for (;;)
    {
      mcharCount = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8,
                                       0,
                                       bufWchar,
                                       -1,
                                       bufMchar,
                                       bufMcharCount,
                                       NULL,
                                       NULL);
      if (mcharCount > 0)
      {
        break;
      }

      if (GetLastError() != ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER)
      {
        return -1;
      }

      free(bufMchar);
      if ((bufMchar = malloc(bufMcharCount * 2)) == NULL)
      {
        return -1;
      }
      bufMcharCount *= 2;
    }
  }

  if (mcharCount > 1)
  {
    DWORD numberOfCharsWritten, consoleMode;

    if (GetConsoleMode(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), &consoleMode))
    {
      fflush(stdout);
      if (!WriteConsoleA(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE),
                         bufMchar,
                         mcharCount - 1,
                         &numberOfCharsWritten,
                         NULL))
      {
        return -1;
      }
    }
    else
    {
      if (fputs(bufMchar, stdout) == EOF)
      {
        return -1;
      }
    }
  }

  return r;
}

以下测试此功能:

_wprintf(L"xA0xA1xA2xA3xA4xA5xA6xA7"
         L"xA8xA9xAAxABxACxADxAExAF"
         L"xB0xB1xB2xB3xB4xB5xB6xB7"
         L"xB8xB9xBAxBBxBCxBDxBExBF"
         L"
"
         L"xC0xC1xC2xC3xC4xC5xC6xC7"
         L"xC8xC9xCAxCBxCCxCDxCExCF"
         L"xD0xD1xD2xD3xD4xD5xD6xD7"
         L"xD8xD9xDAxDBxDCxDDxDExDF"
         L"
"
         L"xE0xE1xE2xE3xE4xE5xE6xE7"
         L"xE8xE9xEAxEBxECxEDxEExEF"
         L"xF0xF1xF2xF3xF4xF5xF6xF7"
         L"xF8xF9xFAxFBxFCxFDxFExFF"
         L"
");

_wprintf(L"x391x392x393x394x395x396x397"
         L"x398x399x39Ax39Bx39Cx39Dx39Ex39F"
         L"x3A0x3A1x3A2x3A3x3A4x3A5x3A6x3A7"
         L"x3A8x3A9x3AAx3ABx3ACx3ADx3AEx3AFx3B0"
         L"
"
         L"x3B1x3B2x3B3x3B4x3B5x3B6x3B7"
         L"x3B8x3B9x3BAx3BBx3BCx3BDx3BEx3BF"
         L"x3C0x3C1x3C2x3C3x3C4x3C5x3C6x3C7"
         L"x3C8x3C9x3CAx3CBx3CCx3CDx3CE"
         L"
");

_wprintf(L"x410x411x412x413x414x415x401x416x417"
         L"x418x419x41Ax41Bx41Cx41Dx41Ex41F"
         L"x420x421x422x423x424x425x426x427"
         L"x428x429x42Ax42Bx42Cx42Dx42Ex42F"
         L"
"
         L"x430x431x432x433x434x435x451x436x437"
         L"x438x439x43Ax43Bx43Cx43Dx43Ex43F"
         L"x440x441x442x443x444x445x446x447"
         L"x448x449x44Ax44Bx44Cx44Dx44Ex44F"
         L"
");

并且应该在控制台中产生以下文本:

And should result in the following text in the console:

 ¡¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬­®¯°±²³´µ¶·¸¹º»¼½¾¿
ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞß
àáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷øùúûüýþÿ
ΑΒΓΔΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡ΢ΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫάέήίΰ
αβγδεζηθικλμνξοπρςστυφχψωϊϋόύώ
АБВГДЕЁЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯ
абвгдеёжзийклмнопрстуфхцчшщъыьэюя

我不知道你的 IDE 在 .c/.cpp 文件中存储非 ASCII 字符的编码，我不知道你的编译器在遇到非 ASCII 字符时会做什么.这部分你应该自己弄清楚.

I do not know the encoding in which your IDE stores non-ASCII characters in .c/.cpp files and I do not know what your compiler does when encounters non-ASCII characters. This part you should figure out yourself.

只要您向 _wprintf() 提供正确编码的 UTF-16 文本或使用正确编码的 UTF-8 文本调用 WriteConsoleA()，事情应该可以正常工作.

As long as you supply to _wprintf() properly encoded UTF-16 text or call WriteConsoleA() with properly encoded UTF-8 text, things should work.

附言可以找到有关控制台字体的一些血腥细节 这里.

P.S. Some gory details about console fonts can be found here.