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将 python 脚本作为 systemd 服务运行

分类: 技术问答 • 2022-03-17 23:16:45

将 python 脚本作为 systemd 服务运行

问题描述：

我有一个 python 脚本 myScript.py，它每 2 秒写入一个文件.但是，当我想将此脚本作为 systemd 服务运行时，服务可以正常工作，但不能写入文件.

I have a python script myScript.py which is writing on a file every 2 second. But when I want to run this script as a systemd service, service works but not writing on file.

我在 /lib/systemd/system/ 上创建了一个 myscript.service 文件并设计如下:

I created a myscript.service file on /lib/systemd/system/ and designed as below:

[Unit]
Description=My Script Service
After=multi-user.target

[Service]
Type=idle
ExecStart=/usr/bin/python /home/pala/PycharmProjects/myScript.py

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

和 myScript.py 是:

import time
while True:

    with open("/home/pala/Documents/file.txt", "a") as myFile:
        myFile.write("--**--")

    time.sleep(2)

答

这是从您的代码创建服务的过程:

首先，在your_script.py的上方添加以下shebang:>

This is the procedure of creating a service from your code:

At first, add the following shebang in above of your_script.py:

#!/usr/bin/env python

我使用以下说明创建自己的服务:

I use the following instruction for my own services creation:

假设您的服务名称是test"，然后在下面创建文件:

Suppose your service name is "test", then create files below:

[Unit]
SourcePath=/etc/init.d/test
[Service]
ExecStart=/etc/init.d/test start
ExecStop=/etc/init.d/test stop

test.sh

#!/usr/bin/env bash

# Quick start-stop-daemon example, derived from Debian /etc/init.d/ssh
set -e

# Must be a valid filename
NAME=this_is_a_test
PIDFILE=/var/run/$NAME.pid
#This is the command to be run, give the full pathname
DAEMON=/home/Your_User_Name/Your_path/your_script.py

case "$1" in
  start)
        echo -n "Starting daemon: "$NAME
    start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE --exec $DAEMON -- $DAEMON_OPTS
        echo "."
    ;;
  stop)
        echo -n "Stopping daemon: "$NAME
    start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --oknodo --pidfile $PIDFILE
        echo "."
    ;;
  restart)
        echo -n "Restarting daemon: "$NAME
    start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --oknodo --retry 30 --pidfile $PIDFILE
    start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE --exec $DAEMON -- $DAEMON_OPTS
    echo "."
    ;;

  *)
    echo "Usage: "$1" {start|stop|restart}"
    exit 1
esac

exit 0

然后我为上面的配置创建一个安装:

Then I create an installation for the above configuration:

#!/usr/bin/env bash

echo "create a test service ..."
cp test.sh /etc/init.d/test
cp test.service /etc/systemd/system
chmod +x /etc/init.d/test
# sed -i "s/Your_User_Name/you_path/g" /etc/init.d/test
echo "created the test service"

最后，做:

设置your_script.py文件的访问权限:

$ chmod 755 <your_script.py>

然后安装服务:

$ sudo bash ./install.sh

然后使用 systemctl 触发服务或根据需要重新启动您的机器.

Then trigger the service with systemctl or restart your machine if needed.

然后启动您的服务:

$ sudo service test start

您可以查看其状态:

$ sudo service test status

[注意]:

  • Replace the test, Your_User_Name, Your_path and your_script.py static variables with your variables in the above scripts.
  • Difference between a service and systemctl

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