如何将字符串数组与数字数组进行比较？

You can use array_udiff to compare the arrays using a user-defined callback which converts the values to ints before comparing:

$array1 = array('8', '13', '15');
$array2 = array(7, 8, 9);
$diffs = array_udiff($array1, $array2, function ($a, $b) { return (int)$a - (int)$b; });
print_r($diffs);

Output:

Array
(
    [1] => 13
    [2] => 15
)

Update

It has been pointed out that the desired output hasn't been specified, so here is how to get all unique values:

$diffs1 = array_udiff($array1, $array2, function ($a, $b) { return (int)$a - (int)$b; });
$diffs2 = array_udiff($array2, $array1, function ($a, $b) { return (int)$a - (int)$b; });
$diffs = array_merge($diffs1, $diffs2);
print_r($diffs);

Output:

Array
(
    [0] => 13
    [1] => 15
    [2] => 7
    [3] => 9
)

and all matching values using array_uintersect:

$same = array_uintersect($array1, $array2, function ($a, $b) { return (int)$a - (int)$b; });
print_r($same);

Output:

Array
(
    [0] => 8
)

Note

In PHP7 there is now the spaceship operator (<=>) which can also be used in the comparison function e.g.

$diffs = array_udiff($array1, $array2, function ($a, $b) { return (int)$a <=> (int)$b; });

You could convert the arrays using array map like this

$a1 = array_map('intval', $a1);
$a2 = array_map('intval', $a2);

Then do your array diff and what not.

@Nick's solution is a bit more elegant.

Because, it's not walking the arrays 2x more then you really need to. Of course if you know which is string then you could just convert that one, but I thought I would post another way to do it...

For testing you can simply do this

$a = [
    "1",
    "2" ,
    "3"
];

var_dump($a);

var_dump(array_map('intval', $a));

Output

array(3) {
  [0]=> string(1) "1"
  [1]=> string(1) "2"
  [2]=> string(1) "3"
}

array(3) {
  [0]=> int(1)
  [1]=> int(2)
  [2]=> int(3)
}

Sandbox

And this shows that it does convert the values to string, which was pretty obvious, but I like examples. So there you go.

Cheers!

UPDATE

After doing some simple bench marking, with an array of 100,000 string numbers, and taking the average time from 100 iterations, it took apx 0.0072/seconds to convert the array back to ints:

//setup
$a = array_map('strval', range(0, 100000));

//get microtime as float after setup
$time = microtime(true);

//use the average of 100 conversion for consistency
$iterations = 100;

for($i=0;$i<$iterations; ++$i){
  $b = array_map('intval', $a); //set to $b so we don't convert $a on our first iteration.

  //check the first iteration, to make sure we have it setup correctly for our averaging
  if($i==0)
    echo number_format(
        ((microtime(true) - $time)),
       4
    )." \seconds

";
}

echo number_format(
    ((microtime(true) - $time) / $itterations),
    4
)." \seconds
";

Output

0.0067 \seconds
//if these are close (which they are) we have everything setup right,
//it's better to take the average for speed testing.
//and I just wanted to double check that it was being done correctly
0.0072 \seconds

Sandbox

-note- the sandbox has only 134M of Ram for PHP (i've run it out of memory on purpose to test it.. lol)

<b>Fatal error</b>:  Allowed memory size of 134217728 bytes exhausted

UPDATE1

It has been pointed out that the desired output hasn't been specified, so here is how to get all unique values:

If you want the Unique values from both arrays you can do

  $unique = array_unique(array_replace($a1,$a2));

And if the arrays are unique beforehand you can just do array_replace because you will be combining 2 unique arrays replacing any in the one array that are duplicated in the other. Therefore the result will be the unique combination of 2 unique arrays, if that makes sense.