从 Bash 命令在文本文件中查找和替换

问题描述：

查找和替换给定输入字符串的最简单方法是什么，比如 abc，然后替换为另一个字符串，比如文件 /中的 XYZtmp/file.txt?

What's the simplest way to do a find and replace for a given input string, say abc, and replace with another string, say XYZ in file /tmp/file.txt?

我正在编写一个应用程序并使用 IronPython 通过 SSH 执行命令 —但我不太了解 Unix，也不知道该找什么.

I am writting an app and using IronPython to execute commands through SSH — but I don't know Unix that well and don't know what to look for.

我听说 Bash 除了作为命令行界面之外，还是一种非常强大的脚本语言.所以，如果这是真的，我假设你可以执行这样的操作.

I have heard that Bash, apart from being a command line interface, can be a very powerful scripting language. So, if this is true, I assume you can perform actions like these.

我可以用 bash 来实现吗?实现我的目标的最简单的(一行)脚本是什么?

Can I do it with bash, and what's the simplest (one line) script to achieve my goal?

答

最简单的方法是使用 sed(或 perl):

The easiest way is to use sed (or perl):

sed -i -e 's/abc/XYZ/g' /tmp/file.txt

由于 -i 选项，它将调用 sed 进行就地编辑.这可以从 bash 调用.

Which will invoke sed to do an in-place edit due to the -i option. This can be called from bash.

如果你真的只想使用 bash，那么下面的方法可以工作:

If you really really want to use just bash, then the following can work:

while read a; do
    echo ${a//abc/XYZ}
done < /tmp/file.txt > /tmp/file.txt.t
mv /tmp/file.txt{.t,}

这会遍历每一行，进行替换，然后写入临时文件(不想破坏输入).最后的移动只是暂时移动到原来的名字.

This loops over each line, doing a substitution, and writing to a temporary file (don't want to clobber the input). The move at the end just moves temporary to the original name.

sed -i '' 's/abc/XYZ/g'/tmp/file.txt(原因见下方评论)

从 Bash 命令在文本文件中查找和替换

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