在Maven测试目标中运行测试时，如何跳过Maven安装目标中的测试?

我在同一个文件夹(src/test/java)中有一个包含集成和单元测试的多模块Maven项目.集成测试用@Category(IntegrationTest.class)标记.我想要完成以下设置:

I have a multi-module maven project with both integration and unit tests in the same folder (src/test/java). Integration tests are marked with @Category(IntegrationTest.class). I want to end up with the following setup:

1. 如果我运行mvn install，我希望所有测试都可以编译，但是我不想执行任何测试.
2. 如果我运行mvn test，我希望所有测试都可以编译，但仅执行单元测试.
3. 如果我运行mvn integration-test，我想编译并执行所有测试.

1. If I run mvn install, I want all tests to compile, but I do not want to execute any.
2. If I run mvn test, I want all tests to compile, but execute only unit tests.
3. If I run mvn integration-test, I want to compile and execute all tests.

重要的一点是，我希望在pom.xml中配置它而没有任何额外的命令行参数.

The important point is, I want this configured in the pom.xml without any extra commandline arguments.

目前，我在父pom.xml中提出了以下设置，唯一的问题是#1，其中执行了所有测试:

Currently I came up with the following setup in my parent pom.xml, where the only problem is #1, where all tests are executed:

<build>
    <pluginManagement>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <source>${project.java.version}</source>
                    <target>${project.java.version}</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>

            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.14.1</version>
                <dependencies>
                    <dependency>
                        <groupId>org.apache.maven.surefire</groupId>
                        <artifactId>surefire-junit47</artifactId>
                        <version>2.14.1</version>
                    </dependency>
                </dependencies>
                <configuration>
                    <includes>
                        <include>**/*.class</include>
                    </includes>
                    <excludedGroups>cz.cuni.xrg.intlib.commons.IntegrationTest</excludedGroups>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>

            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-failsafe-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.14.1</version>
                <dependencies>
                    <dependency>
                        <groupId>org.apache.maven.surefire</groupId>
                        <artifactId>surefire-junit47</artifactId>
                        <version>2.14.1</version>
                    </dependency>
                </dependencies>
                <configuration>
                    <groups>cz.cuni.xrg.intlib.commons.IntegrationTest</groups>
                </configuration>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>integration-test</goal>
                            <goal>verify</goal>
                        </goals>
                        <configuration>
                            <includes>
                                <include>**/*.class</include>
                            </includes>
                        </configuration>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
</build>

所有子模块的pom.xml中都具有以下插件配置，我认为这些配置应继承自父pom:

All child modules have the following plugin configuration in their pom.xml, which I believe should inherit from the parent pom:

<build> 
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
        </plugin>

        <plugin>
            <artifactId>maven-failsafe-plugin</artifactId>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

我尝试使用<skipTests>true</skipTests>，但是它禁用了所有目标的测试执行，这不是我想要的(违反了#2和#3).同样很奇怪的是，mvn test接受skipTests=true选项...为什么我要首先运行它?

I tried using <skipTests>true</skipTests>, but it disables test execution for all goals, which is not what I want (violates #2 and #3). It is also quite weird, that mvn test honors the skipTests=true option...why would I want to run it in the first place??

经过数小时的谷歌搜索和尝试不同的组合之后，我犹豫是否有可能不在mvn install中运行测试，而同时在mvn test中运行测试.我希望有人证明这是错误的. ;)

After hours of googling and trying different combinations, I am hesitant whether it is even possible to not run tests in mvn install, while at the same time run them in mvn test. I hope someone proves this wrong. ;)

我也愿意接受一个解决方案，其中mvn install仅执行单元测试，但我认为这没有太大区别.

I am also willing to accept a solution, where mvn install would execute only unit tests, but I don't think it makes much difference.