如何在bash shell中使用节读取配置文件

问题描述：

我在部分中有这样的配置文件

I have the configuration file like this in sections

[rsync_includes]
user
data
conf


[rsync_exclude]
tmp
.pyc
*/vendor


[javascript]
utils
data

我具有要在该文件中的rsync和其他配置数据中排除的模式

I have the patterns which i want to exlude in rsync and other configuration data in that file

现在我很困惑如何在命令行上使用这些模式

Now i am confused how can i use those patterns on command line

rsync -avz --exclude-from 'content from config file rsync exclude' source/ destination/

我不确定如何读取配置文件的一部分然后在命令行上使用

I am not sure how can read part of config file and then use on command line

答

要使用-exclude-from ，您必须将配置的相关部分隔离到一个临时文件中.只需使用sed即可轻松做到这一点:

To use --exclude-from you will have to isolate the relevant section of the config into a temporary file. This is easy to do with a bit of sed:

tmp_file=$(mktemp)
sed -n '1,/rsync_exclude/d;/\[/,$d;/^$/d;p' config.file > $tmp_file
rsync -avz --exclude-from $tmp_file source/ destination/

为了清晰起见，我省略了错误检查和清理.

I am omitting error checking and cleanup for clarity.

请注意，rsync可以从标准输入中读取-输入的排除模式，因此它更短:

Note that rsync can read the exclude pattern from the stdin for an - input, so this is even shorter:

sed -n '1,/rsync_exclude/d;/\[/,$d;/^$/d;p' config.file | \
  rsync -avz --exclude-from - source/ destination/

说明

The 1,/rsync_exclude/d excludes all lines up to the rsync_exclude section entry
The /\[/,$d excludes everything from the start of the next section to the end of the file
The /^$/d excludes empty lines (this is optional)

以上所有内容均从配置中提取相关部分.

All of the above extracts the relevant section from the config.