Git(2)：基本操作

Git 创建仓库

执行<git init>命令后，Git仓库会生成一个.git目录，该目录包含了资源的所有元数据，其他的项目目录保持不变（Git 只在仓库的根目录生成 .git 目录）。

使用当前目录作为Git仓库

$git init

使用指定目录作为Git仓库

$git init <directory>

使用<git clone>从Git仓库中拷贝项目。

克隆仓库

$git clone <remote repository>

克隆到指定的目录

$git clone <remote repository> <local directory>

admin MINGW64 /
$ cd c

admin MINGW64 /c
$ mkdir GitRepositoryTest

admin MINGW64 /c
$ cd GitRepositoryTest/

admin MINGW64 /c/GitRepositoryTest
$ git init test1
Initialized empty Git repository in C:/GitRepositoryTest/test1/.git/

admin MINGW64 /c/GitRepositoryTest
$ ls
test1/

admin MINGW64 /c/GitRepositoryTest
$ git git clone git@github.com:lyz170/DesignPattern.git DesignPattern
Cloning into 'DesignPattern'...
remote: Counting objects: 7132, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (558/558), done.
remote: Total 7132 (delta 6541), reused 7065 (delta 6498)
Receiving objects: 100% (7132/7132), 1.84 MiB | 0 bytes/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (6541/6541), done.
Checking connectivity... done.
Checking out files: 100% (2902/2902), done.

admin /c/GitRepositoryTest
$ ls
DesignPattern/  test1/

<例>

<git status>以查看在你上次提交之后是否有修改及文件状态 (-s:简短输出)

[AM]表示文件在将它添加到缓存之后又有改动，需要再使用git add后才会变成[A]

admin MINGW64 /c/GitRepositoryTest $ ls DesignPattern/ test1/ admin MINGW64 /c/GitRepositoryTest $ cd test1/ admin MINGW64 /c/GitRepositoryTest/test1 (master) $ vi file1 admin MINGW64 /c/GitRepositoryTest/test1 (master) $ cp -p file1 file2 admin MINGW64 /c/GitRepositoryTest/test1 (master) $ vi file2 admin MINGW64 /c/GitRepositoryTest/test1 (master) $ ls file1 file2 admin MINGW64 /c/GitRepositoryTest/test1 (master) $ git status -s ?? file1 ?? file2 admin MINGW64 /c/GitRepositoryTest/test1 (master) $ git add file1 file2 warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in file1. The file will have its original line endings in your working directory. warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in file2. The file will have its original line endings in your working directory. admin MINGW64 /c/GitRepositoryTest/test1 (master) $ git status -s A file1 A file2 admin MINGW64 /c/GitRepositoryTest/test1 (master) $ vi file1 admin MINGW64 /c/GitRepositoryTest/test1 (master) $ git status -s AM file1 A file2 admin MINGW64 /c/GitRepositoryTest/test1 (master) $ git add file1 warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in file1. The file will have its original line endings in your working directory. admin MINGW64 /c/GitRepositoryTest/test1 (master) $ git status -s A file1 A file2

admin MINGW64 /c/GitRepositoryTest/test1 (master) $ vi file1 admin MINGW64 /c/GitRepositoryTest/test1 (master) $ git status -s AM file1 A file2 admin MINGW64 /c/GitRepositoryTest/test1 (master) $ git diff diff --git a/file1 b/file1 index 1ebef96..d01e930 100644 --- a/file1 +++ b/file1 @@ -1,2 +1,3 @@ 'file1' was created at 2017-8-31 16:52:00 'file1' was updated at 2017-8-31 16:57:00 +'file1' was updated at 2017-8-31 17:37:00 warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in file1. The file will have its original line endings in your working directory. admin MINGW64 /c/GitRepositoryTest/test1 (master) $ git diff --stat file1 | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in file1. The file will have its original line endings in your working directory. admin MINGW64 /c/GitRepositoryTest/test1 (master) $ git diff --cached file2 diff --git a/file2 b/file2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..baa67ac --- /dev/null +++ b/file2 @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +'file2' was created at 2017-8-31 16:53:00 warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in file2. The file will have its original line endings in your working directory.

admin MINGW64 /c/GitRepositoryTest/test1 (master) $ vi file2 admin MINGW64 /c/GitRepositoryTest/test1 (master) $ git add file2 warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in file2. The file will have its original line endings in your working directory. admin MINGW64 /c/GitRepositoryTest/test1 (master) $ git commit -m 'commited by lyz' [master warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in file2. The file will have its original line endings in your working directory. 1166cb5] commited by lyz warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in file2. The file will have its original line endings in your working directory. 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) admin MINGW64 /c/GitRepositoryTest/test1 (master) $ git status On branch master nothing to commit, working directory clean admin MINGW64 /c/GitRepositoryTest/test1 (master) $ vi file1 admin MINGW64 /c/GitRepositoryTest/test1 (master) $ git commit -am 'commited by lyz' warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in file1. The file will have its original line endings in your working directory. [master warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in file1. The file will have its original line endings in your working directory. 944283e] commited by lyz warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in file1. The file will have its original line endings in your working directory. 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) admin MINGW64 /c/GitRepositoryTest/test1 (master) $ git status On branch master nothing to commit, working directory clean

admin MINGW64 /c/GitRepositoryTest/test1 (master) $ vi file1 admin MINGW64 /c/GitRepositoryTest/test1 (master) $ vi file2 admin MINGW64 /c/GitRepositoryTest/test1 (master) $ git status -s M file1 M file2 admin MINGW64 /c/GitRepositoryTest/test1 (master) $ git reset HEAD Unstaged changes after reset: M file1 M file2 admin MINGW64 /c/GitRepositoryTest/test1 (master) $ git status -s M file1 M file2 admin MINGW64 /c/GitRepositoryTest/test1 (master) $ git add . warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in file1. The file will have its original line endings in your working directory. warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in file2. The file will have its original line endings in your working directory. admin MINGW64 /c/GitRepositoryTest/test1 (master) $ git reset HEAD -- file1 warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in file1. The file will have its original line endings in your working directory. Unstaged changes after reset: M file1 admin MINGW64 /c/GitRepositoryTest/test1 (master) $ git status -s warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in file2. The file will have its original line endings in your working directory. M file1 M file2 admin MINGW64 /c/GitRepositoryTest/test1 (master) $ git reset HEAD warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in file2. The file will have its original line endings in your working directory. Unstaged changes after reset: M file1 M file2 admin MINGW64 /c/GitRepositoryTest/test1 (master) $ git status -s M file1 M file2

admin MINGW64 /c/GitRepositoryTest/test1 (master) $ git rm file1 rm 'file1' admin MINGW64 /c/GitRepositoryTest/test1 (master) $ ls file2 admin MINGW64 /c/GitRepositoryTest/test1 (master) $ git rm --cached file2 rm 'file2' admin MINGW64 /c/GitRepositoryTest/test1 (master) $ git status -s D file1 D file2 ?? file2

admin MINGW64 /c/GitRepositoryTest/test1 (master) $ git add file2 warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in file2. The file will have its original line endings in your working directory. admin MINGW64 /c/GitRepositoryTest/test1 (master) $ git status -s D file1 admin MINGW64 /c/GitRepositoryTest/test1 (master) $ git mv file2 file2new admin MINGW64 /c/GitRepositoryTest/test1 (master) $ ls file2new admin MINGW64 /c/GitRepositoryTest/test1 (master) $ git status -s D file1 R file2 -> file2new admin MINGW64 /c/GitRepositoryTest/test1 (master) $ git commit [master e6c8a62] commit warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in file2new. The file will have its original line endings in your working directory. 2 files changed, 5 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 file1 rename file2 => file2new (100%) admin MINGW64 /c/GitRepositoryTest/test1 (master) $ git status On branch master nothing to commit, working directory clean admin MINGW64 /c/GitRepositoryTest/test1 (master) $ ls file2new

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