JavaWeb-RESTful(三)_使用SpringMVC开发RESTful_下
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IT文章
•
2025-01-31 12:05:49
JavaWeb-RESTful(一)_RESTful初认识 传送门
JavaWeb-RESTful(二)_使用SpringMVC开发RESTful_上 传送门
JavaWeb-RESTful(三)_使用SpringMVC开发RESTful_下 传送门
项目已上传至github 传送门
Learn
一、单元测试：添加用户
二、单元测试：修改用户
三、单元测试：删除用户
四、SpringBoot默认处理异常路径
一、单元测试：添加用户
在MainController.java中添加addUser()添加用户的单元测试方法
@Test
public void addUser() throws Exception
{
mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/user")
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)
.content("{"username":"Gary"}"))
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath("$.id").value("1"));
}
给User实体对象设置三个熟悉，id、username、password
private String username;
private String password;
private String id;
通过id和username获得的试图都是简单试图，通过password获得的试图是复杂试图
@JsonView(UserSimpleView.class)
public String getId() {
return id;
}
@JsonView(UserSimpleView.class)
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
@JsonView(UserDetailView.class)
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
在UserController.java中通过addUser()方法获得MainController.java中的addUser()的POST请求
@RequestMapping(value="/user",method= RequestMethod.POST)
public User addUser(@RequestBody User user)
{
//传输json格式的时候，一定要记得加上@RequestBody注解
//输出 null
System.out.println(user.getPassword());
//输出 Gary
System.out.println(user.getUsername());
user.setId("1");
return user;
}
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package com.Gary.GaryRESTful;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class GaryResTfulApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(GaryResTfulApplication.class, args);
}
}
GaryResTfulApplication.java
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package com.Gary.GaryRESTful.controller;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
//这是SpringBoot测试类
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class MainController {
@Autowired
private WebApplicationContext webApplicationContext;
//SpringMV单元测试独立测试类
private MockMvc mockMvc;
@Before
public void before()
{
//创建独立测试类
mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(webApplicationContext).build();
}
//@Test
//查询user
public void test() throws Exception
{
//发起一个Get请求
String str = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/user")
.param("username", "Gary")
//json的形式发送一个请求
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8))
//期望服务器返回什么(期望返回的状态码为200)
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
//期望服务器返回json中的数组长度为3
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath("$.length()").value(3))
.andReturn().getResponse().getContentAsString();
System.out.println("查询简单试图"+str);
}
//@Test
public void getInfo() throws Exception
{
//发起一个get请求，查看用户详情
String str = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/user/1")
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8))
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath("$.username").value("Gary"))
.andReturn().getResponse().getContentAsString();
System.out.println("查询复杂试图"+str);
}
@Test
public void addUser() throws Exception
{
mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/user")
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)
.content("{"username":"Gary"}"))
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath("$.id").value("1"));
}
}
MainController.java
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package com.Gary.GaryRESTful.controller;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import com.Gary.GaryRESTful.dto.User;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonView;
//表示这个Controller提供R二十天API
@RestController
public class UserController {
@RequestMapping(value="/user",method = RequestMethod.GET)
/*
* default value 默认
* name 请求的名字
* required 是否是必须的,true
* value 别名
*
* */
@JsonView(User.UserSimpleView.class)
public List<User> query(@RequestParam(name="username",required=false) String username)
{
System.out.println(username);
//满足期望服务器返回json中的数组长度为3
List<User> list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add(new User());
list.add(new User());
list.add(new User());
return list;
}
@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method= RequestMethod.GET)
//将@PathVariable路径中的片段映射到java代码中
@JsonView(User.UserDetailView.class)
public User getInfo(@PathVariable String id)
{
User user = new User();
user.setUsername("Gary");
return user;
}
@RequestMapping(value="/user",method= RequestMethod.POST)
public User addUser(@RequestBody User user)
{
//传输json格式的时候，一定要记得加上@RequestBody注解
//输出 null
System.out.println(user.getPassword());
//输出 Gary
System.out.println(user.getUsername());
user.setId("1");
return user;
}
}
UserController.java
![]()
package com.Gary.GaryRESTful.dto;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonView;
public class User {
//简单试图 只有一个username
public interface UserSimpleView{};
//复杂试图 有username 和 password
public interface UserDetailView extends UserSimpleView{};
private String username;
private String password;
private String id;
@JsonView(UserSimpleView.class)
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
@JsonView(UserSimpleView.class)
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
@JsonView(UserDetailView.class)
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
}
User.java
二、单元测试：修改用户
在MainController.java中添加updataUser()修改用户的单元测试方法
//修改用户
@Test
public void updataUser() throws Exception
{
mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.put("/user/1")
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)
.content("{"username":"Garyary","id":"1"}"))
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath("$.id").value("1"));
}
在UserController.java中接收来自updataUser的请求
//修改用户资料
@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method = RequestMethod.PUT)
public User updataUser(@RequestBody User user)
{
System.out.println(user.getId());
System.out.println(user.getUsername());
System.out.println(user.getPassword());
return user;
}
![]()
package com.Gary.GaryRESTful;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class GaryResTfulApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(GaryResTfulApplication.class, args);
}
}
GaryResTfulApplication.java
![]()
package com.Gary.GaryRESTful.controller;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
//这是SpringBoot测试类
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class MainController {
@Autowired
private WebApplicationContext webApplicationContext;
//SpringMV单元测试独立测试类
private MockMvc mockMvc;
@Before
public void before()
{
//创建独立测试类
mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(webApplicationContext).build();
}
//@Test
//查询user
public void test() throws Exception
{
//发起一个Get请求
String str = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/user")
.param("username", "Gary")
//json的形式发送一个请求
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8))
//期望服务器返回什么(期望返回的状态码为200)
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
//期望服务器返回json中的数组长度为3
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath("$.length()").value(3))
.andReturn().getResponse().getContentAsString();
System.out.println("查询简单试图"+str);
}
//@Test
public void getInfo() throws Exception
{
//发起一个get请求，查看用户详情
String str = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/user/1")
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8))
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath("$.username").value("Gary"))
.andReturn().getResponse().getContentAsString();
System.out.println("查询复杂试图"+str);
}
//添加用户
//@Test
public void addUser() throws Exception
{
mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/user")
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)
.content("{"username":"Gary"}"))
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath("$.id").value("1"));
}
//修改用户
@Test
public void updataUser() throws Exception
{
mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.put("/user/1")
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)
.content("{"username":"Garyary","id":"1"}"))
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath("$.id").value("1"));
}
}
MainController.java
![]()
package com.Gary.GaryRESTful.controller;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PutMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import com.Gary.GaryRESTful.dto.User;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonView;
//表示这个Controller提供R二十天API
@RestController
public class UserController {
@RequestMapping(value="/user",method = RequestMethod.GET)
/*
* default value 默认
* name 请求的名字
* required 是否是必须的,true
* value 别名
*
* */
@JsonView(User.UserSimpleView.class)
public List<User> query(@RequestParam(name="username",required=false) String username)
{
System.out.println(username);
//满足期望服务器返回json中的数组长度为3
List<User> list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add(new User());
list.add(new User());
list.add(new User());
return list;
}
@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method= RequestMethod.GET)
//将@PathVariable路径中的片段映射到java代码中
@JsonView(User.UserDetailView.class)
public User getInfo(@PathVariable String id)
{
User user = new User();
user.setUsername("Gary");
return user;
}
@RequestMapping(value="/user",method= RequestMethod.POST)
public User addUser(@RequestBody User user)
{
//传输json格式的时候，一定要记得加上@RequestBody注解
//输出 null
System.out.println(user.getPassword());
//输出 Gary
System.out.println(user.getUsername());
user.setId("1");
return user;
}
//修改用户资料
@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method = RequestMethod.PUT)
public User updataUser(@RequestBody User user)
{
System.out.println(user.getId());
System.out.println(user.getUsername());
System.out.println(user.getPassword());
return user;
}
}
UserController.java
![]()
package com.Gary.GaryRESTful.dto;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonView;
public class User {
//简单试图 只有一个username
public interface UserSimpleView{};
//复杂试图 有username 和 password
public interface UserDetailView extends UserSimpleView{};
private String username;
private String password;
private String id;
@JsonView(UserSimpleView.class)
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
@JsonView(UserSimpleView.class)
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
@JsonView(UserDetailView.class)
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
}
User.java
三、单元测试：删除用户
在MainController.java中添加deleteUser()修改用户的单元测试方法
//删除用户
@Test
public void deleteUser() throws Exception
{
mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.delete("/user/1")
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8))
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk());
}
在UserController.java中接收来自deleteUser的请求
@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
public User deleteUser(@PathVariable String id)
{
System.out.println(id);
return null;
}
![]()
package com.Gary.GaryRESTful;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class GaryResTfulApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(GaryResTfulApplication.class, args);
}
}
GaryResTfulApplication.java
![]()
package com.Gary.GaryRESTful.controller;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
//这是SpringBoot测试类
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class MainController {
@Autowired
private WebApplicationContext webApplicationContext;
//SpringMV单元测试独立测试类
private MockMvc mockMvc;
@Before
public void before()
{
//创建独立测试类
mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(webApplicationContext).build();
}
//@Test
//查询user
public void test() throws Exception
{
//发起一个Get请求
String str = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/user")
.param("username", "Gary")
//json的形式发送一个请求
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8))
//期望服务器返回什么(期望返回的状态码为200)
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
//期望服务器返回json中的数组长度为3
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath("$.length()").value(3))
.andReturn().getResponse().getContentAsString();
System.out.println("查询简单试图"+str);
}
//@Test
public void getInfo() throws Exception
{
//发起一个get请求，查看用户详情
String str = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/user/1")
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8))
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath("$.username").value("Gary"))
.andReturn().getResponse().getContentAsString();
System.out.println("查询复杂试图"+str);
}
//添加用户
//@Test
public void addUser() throws Exception
{
mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/user")
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)
.content("{"username":"Gary"}"))
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath("$.id").value("1"));
}
//修改用户
//@Test
public void updataUser() throws Exception
{
mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.put("/user/1")
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)
.content("{"username":"Garyary","id":"1"}"))
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath("$.id").value("1"));
}
//删除用户
@Test
public void deleteUser() throws Exception
{
mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.delete("/user/1")
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8))
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk());
}
}
MainController.java
![]()
package com.Gary.GaryRESTful.controller;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PutMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import com.Gary.GaryRESTful.dto.User;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonView;
//表示这个Controller提供R二十天API
@RestController
public class UserController {
@RequestMapping(value="/user",method = RequestMethod.GET)
/*
* default value 默认
* name 请求的名字
* required 是否是必须的,true
* value 别名
*
* */
@JsonView(User.UserSimpleView.class)
public List<User> query(@RequestParam(name="username",required=false) String username)
{
System.out.println(username);
//满足期望服务器返回json中的数组长度为3
List<User> list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add(new User());
list.add(new User());
list.add(new User());
return list;
}
@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method= RequestMethod.GET)
//将@PathVariable路径中的片段映射到java代码中
@JsonView(User.UserDetailView.class)
public User getInfo(@PathVariable String id)
{
User user = new User();
user.setUsername("Gary");
return user;
}
@RequestMapping(value="/user",method= RequestMethod.POST)
public User addUser(@RequestBody User user)
{
//传输json格式的时候，一定要记得加上@RequestBody注解
//输出 null
System.out.println(user.getPassword());
//输出 Gary
System.out.println(user.getUsername());
user.setId("1");
return user;
}
//修改用户资料
@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method = RequestMethod.PUT)
public User updataUser(@RequestBody User user)
{
System.out.println(user.getId());
System.out.println(user.getUsername());
System.out.println(user.getPassword());
return user;
}
//删除
@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
public User deleteUser(@PathVariable String id)
{
//输出删除的用户 可以查看JUnit中的状态吗
System.out.println(id);
return null;
}
}
UserController.java
![]()
package com.Gary.GaryRESTful.dto;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonView;
public class User {
//简单试图 只有一个username
public interface UserSimpleView{};
//复杂试图 有username 和 password
public interface UserDetailView extends UserSimpleView{};
private String username;
private String password;
private String id;
@JsonView(UserSimpleView.class)
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
@JsonView(UserSimpleView.class)
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
@JsonView(UserDetailView.class)
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
}
User.java
在UserController.java中通过@RequestMapping("/user")映射来处理所有user请求，使代码变得简介一些
![]()
package com.Gary.GaryRESTful.controller;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.DeleteMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PutMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import com.Gary.GaryRESTful.dto.User;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonView;
//表示这个Controller提供R二十天API
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
//@RequestMapping(value="/user",method = RequestMethod.GET)
/*
* default value 默认
* name 请求的名字
* required 是否是必须的,true
* value 别名
*
* */
@GetMapping
@JsonView(User.UserSimpleView.class)
public List<User> query(@RequestParam(name="username",required=false) String username)
{
System.out.println(username);
//满足期望服务器返回json中的数组长度为3
List<User> list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add(new User());
list.add(new User());
list.add(new User());
return list;
}
//@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method= RequestMethod.GET)
//将@PathVariable路径中的片段映射到java代码中
@GetMapping("/{id}")
@JsonView(User.UserDetailView.class)
public User getInfo(@PathVariable String id)
{
User user = new User();
user.setUsername("Gary");
return user;
}
//添加用户
//@RequestMapping(value="/user",method= RequestMethod.POST)
@PostMapping
public User addUser(@RequestBody User user)
{
//传输json格式的时候，一定要记得加上@RequestBody注解
//输出 null
System.out.println(user.getPassword());
//输出 Gary
System.out.println(user.getUsername());
user.setId("1");
return user;
}
//修改用户资料
//@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method = RequestMethod.PUT)
@PutMapping("/{id}")
public User updataUser(@RequestBody User user)
{
System.out.println(user.getId());
System.out.println(user.getUsername());
System.out.println(user.getPassword());
return user;
}
//删除
//@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
@DeleteMapping("/{id}")
public User deleteUser(@PathVariable String id)
{
//输出删除的用户 可以查看JUnit中的状态吗
System.out.println(id);
return null;
}
}
UserController.java
四、SpringBoot默认处理异常路径
在项目static->error目录下创建一个404.html，运行项目
![]()
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>404页面</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>404错误，你的页面找不到了！！！</h1>
</body>
</html>
404.html
