oracle基础话语

oracle基础语句

1. 插入语句

    1.1 插入单行数据

        insert into tablename (column1,column2,column3) values ('value1','value2','value3'); 

    1.2 现有表抽取插入另一张表

        insert into tablename (column1,column2,column3) select column1,column2,column3 from tablename2; 

        注: 查询得到的数据个数、顺序、数据类型等必须与插入的项保持一致

2. 删除语句

    2.1 delete语句

        delete from tablename where column1=value1;

        delete from tablename;

        注: 保留表结构,可回滚,速度慢,更新日志

    2.2 truncate语句

        truncate table tablename; 

        注: 保留表结构,不可回滚,速度中,所用日志空间较少

    2.3 drop语句

        drop table tablename;

        注: 删除表,不可回滚,速度快

3. 更新语句

    3.1 按条件更新

        update tablename set column1=value1 where column1=value1; 

4. 查询语句

    4.1 order by

        select * from tablename where column1=value1 order by column1;

    4.2 常量

        select tb.*,'上海' as address from tablename tb;

    4.3 group by

        select column1,sum(column2) from tablename where column3=value3 group by column1 having (column1=value1);

        注: select后面的所有列中,没有使用聚合函数的列,必须出现在group by后面,having后面的参数必须在select后面或order by后面出现过

    4.4 rownum

        select tb.* from (select rownum num,t.* from tablename t where rownum <= 15) tb where num>10; 

        注: rownum重命名,不然where后rownum不能用大于

        select * from (select * from tablename order by column1) where rownum <=15;

        注: order by 后跟索引或主键,不需要子查询