协议 c++实现

场景:基于socket容易通信协议实现(c/c++

基于socket简单通信协议实现(c/c++)
1 场景
当用socket进行进程通信,传输数据的时候,会出现以下一些情况:

(1)完整的一条消息被系统拆分成几条发送,例如要发送一条消息:Hello World ,却被系统分成两条消息发送,分别为:Hello 和 World。

(2)几条独立的消息被系统合成一条消息发送,例如要发送两条消息分别为:a memory from my past和it’s been a year,却被系统和成一条消息发送:a memory from my pastit’s been a year。

这个时候,需要为socket通信设计一种通信协议,以保证数据的准确性。

2 协议格式
通信协议设计如下:

协议 c++实现
Head:帧头,2个字节,此处为0xa5a5

Type:通信类型,1个字节,范围0x00~0xff   

Data Length:数据长度,1个字节,即Data的字节总数,

Data:实际传输的数据,长度不定

CS:校验值,1个字节,type、data length、data三个域所有字节的异或值,实际中并没用到校验

End:帧尾,2个字节,此处为0xbeef



3 程序设计

3.1    解析思路
假设socket客户端C和服务端S通信,C向S发送消息M1。

1、  S收到消息M1。S把消息M1拷贝到缓存Q中,Q为循环队列。假如M1的长度大于Q的剩余空间,则只拷贝剩余空间大小的字节到Q。

2、  从Q的当前指针开始,查找帧头<Head>。如果找到,则当前指针向后移2个字节位置,继续查找<Type>;如果没找到,则删除前1个字节,当前指针向后移1个字节位置,继续查找<Head>

3、  从Q的当前指针开始,查找<Type>。如果Q中至少还剩一个字节,则表示找到,当前指针向后移1个字节位置,否则退出解析。

4、  从Q的当前指针开始,查找<DataLength>。如果Q中至少还剩一个字节,则表示找到,当前指针向后移1个字节位置,否则退出解析。

5、  从Q的当前指针开始,向后移DataLength个字节位置,查找<End>。如果找到,则从Q中取出一条完整的消息P1,并从Q中删除此消息空间,调用外部的回调函数;否则删除帧头的第一个字节a5,当前指针指向帧头第二个字节a5位置,从步骤2开始,重新一轮解析。



3.2    数据结构

查找策略枚举,用于查找时判断查找帧结构的哪个部位:
typedef enum{
	SEARCH_HEAD,
	SEARCH_TYPE,
	SEARCH_LEN,
	//SEARCH_CS,
	SEARCH_END,
	SEARCH_NONE
}cache_strategy;

消息结构体,用于存储从缓存中解析出的数据:
typedef struct{
	unsigned char data[SOCKET_MSG_SIZE];			//data
	int len;
	unsigned char type;
}socket_msg;

回调函数,用于从缓存中解析出消息时调用:
typedef void (*tp_socket_msg_handle)(int fd, socket_msg *msg,void *args);

循环队列,用于缓存接收到的数据:
typedef struct{
	unsigned char buf[SOCKET_MSG_CACHE_SIZE]; //buffer for storing data read from client
	int front;
	int rear;
	int current;	
	int len;
	int tag;			//mark that whether the cache is full,1-full,0-not full
	cache_strategy strategy;
	tp_socket_msg_handle handle;//callback function to invoke when a message is parsed out		
	void* args;									//external parameter
	socket_msg recv_msg;							//parsed message
	
}socket_cache;

3.3 关键实现
1、把接收到的数据存储到缓冲中,并准备解析:
//copy the unparsed data to cache, and parsed them
int socket_msg_pre_parse(
int fd, 
socket_cache *cache,
unsigned char *buf, 
int len, 
void *args)
{
	int n = 0;
	unsigned char *p = buf;
	//when reading buffer's length is greater than cache's left length,
	//we should copy many times.
	cache->args = args;
	while(1){
		n = socket_msg_cpy_in(cache, p, len);
		if(n == 0){
			return FALSE;//cache is full	
		}
		//parse and handle socket message from cache
		socket_msg_parse(fd, cache);
		
		if(n == len){
			return TRUE; //copy completed
		}
		//move the pointer
		p 	= p + n;
		len = len - n;
	}
	
	return TRUE;
		
}


2、递归解析消息:
//parsed the packaged data, and invoke callback function
void socket_msg_parse(int fd, socket_cache *cache)
{
	int current_len;
	int p, q;
	int i;
	int find;
	
	if(cache->front == cache->rear && cache->tag == 0){
		//D("socket cache is empty!\n");
		return;	
	}
	
	//calculate the current length of cache
	if(cache->current >= cache->front){
		current_len = cache->len - (cache->current - cache->front);
	}
	else{
		current_len = cache->rear - cache->current;	
	}
	
	switch(cache->strategy){
		case SEARCH_HEAD://to find a Head format in cache
			if(current_len < SOCKET_MSG_HEAD_SIZE){
				return;	
			}
			find = FALSE;
			for(i = 0; i < current_len - 1; i++){
				p = cache->current;
				q = (cache->current + 1) % SOCKET_MSG_CACHE_SIZE;
				if(	(cache->buf[p] == (SOCKET_MSG_HEAD >> 8))&&
					(cache->buf[q] == (SOCKET_MSG_HEAD & 0xff))){
					
					find = TRUE;
					break; //exit for loop
				}
				else{
					//current pointer move to next
					cache->current = q;
					//delete one item
					cache->front = cache->current;
					cache->len --;
					cache->tag = 0;
				}
			}
			
			if(find == TRUE){	
				//move 2 items towards next
				cache->current = (cache->current + 2) % SOCKET_MSG_CACHE_SIZE;	
				//we found the head format, go on to find Type byte
				cache->strategy = SEARCH_TYPE;		
			}
			else{
				//if there is no head format ,delete previouse items
				LOGE("socket message without head: %x!\n",SOCKET_MSG_HEAD);
				//go on to find Head format
				cache->strategy = SEARCH_HEAD;	
			}
			break;
			
		case SEARCH_TYPE://to find the type byte in cache
			if(current_len < SOCKET_MSG_TYPE_SIZE){
				return ;	
			}
			//get the value of type
			//cache->type = cache->buf[cache->current];
			cache->recv_msg.type = cache->buf[cache->current];
			cache->current = (cache->current + 1) % SOCKET_MSG_CACHE_SIZE;
			//we found Type byte, go on to find Datalen format
			cache->strategy = SEARCH_LEN;
			break;
			
		case SEARCH_LEN://to find the datalen byte in cache
			if(current_len < SOCKET_MSG_LEN_SIZE){
				return ;	
			}
			if(cache->buf[cache->current] > SOCKET_MSG_DATA_SIZE){
				LOGE("the data len of message out of size: %d!\n",SOCKET_MSG_DATA_SIZE);
				//delete the frist item 'a5'
				//move back 2 items
				cache->current = cache->current >= 2 ? (cache->current - 2) : (SOCKET_MSG_CACHE_SIZE - 2 + cache->current);
				cache->front = cache->current;
				//length sub 2
				cache->len -= 2;
				cache->tag = 0;
				//go on to find Head format
				cache->strategy = SEARCH_HEAD;
			}
			else{
				//get the value of datalen
				//cache->data_len = cache->buf[cache->current];
				cache->recv_msg.len = cache->buf[cache->current];
				cache->current = (cache->current + 1) % SOCKET_MSG_CACHE_SIZE;
				//we found datalen byte, go on to find End format
				cache->strategy = SEARCH_END;
			}
			break;
			
		
			
		case SEARCH_END:
			if(current_len < (cache->recv_msg.len + SOCKET_MSG_END_SIZE)){
				return;	
			}
			//because we have known the data bytes' len, so we move the very  
			//distance of datalen to see if there is End format. 
			p = (cache->current + cache->recv_msg.len) % SOCKET_MSG_CACHE_SIZE; 
			q = (cache->current + cache->recv_msg.len + 1) % SOCKET_MSG_CACHE_SIZE; 
			if(	(cache->buf[p] == (SOCKET_MSG_END >> 8))&&
				(cache->buf[q] == (SOCKET_MSG_END & 0xff)) ){
				socket_msg_cpy_out(cache, cache->recv_msg.data, cache->current, cache->recv_msg.len);
				if(cache->handle != NULL){
					//cache->handle(fd, cache->buf + cache->data_index, cache->data_len);
					cache->handle(fd, &cache->recv_msg, cache->args);	
				}
				//delete all previous items
				cache->current = (q + 1) % SOCKET_MSG_CACHE_SIZE;
				cache->front = cache->current;
				cache->len -= (cache->recv_msg.len + SOCKET_MSG_FORMAT_SIZE);
				cache->tag =0;
				
			}
			else{
				LOGE("socket message without end: %x!\n",SOCKET_MSG_END);
				//delete the frist item 'a5'
				//move back 3 items
				cache->current = cache->current >= 3 ? (cache->current - 3) : (SOCKET_MSG_CACHE_SIZE - 3 + cache->current);
				cache->front = cache->current;
				//length sub 3
				cache->len -= 3;
				cache->tag = 0;
					
			}
			//go on to find Head format
			cache->strategy = SEARCH_HEAD;
			break;
			
		default:
				break;
				
				
	}
	
	//parse new socket message
	socket_msg_parse(fd,cache);
}