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selenium测试框架篇，页面对象和元素对象的管理

分类: IT文章 • 2024-06-04 16:32:13

前期已经做好使用Jenkins做buildhttp://www.cnblogs.com/tobecrazy/p/4529399.html

做自动化框架，不可避免的就是对象库。

有一个好的对象库，可以让整个测试体系：

  •  更容易维护
  •  大大增加代码重用
  •  增加测试系统的稳定性

这里先了解一下我所说的对象库：

selenium测试框架篇，页面对象和元素对象的管理

所谓的页面对象，是指每一个真是的页面是一个对象。

比如zhihu的登陆页面是一个页面对象，http://www.zhihu.com/#signin

这个页面对象主要包含一个输入邮箱的输入框（一个元素对象），一个输入密码的密码框

一个登陆框。当然，zhihu不止一个页面，有无数页面，每一个页面都可以封装为一个对象。而每个

页面的元素，也可以封装成一个个元素对象。

selenium测试框架篇，页面对象和元素对象的管理

为什么要封装成一个个对象？

还是以这个登陆页面为例，如果有一天zhihu改版，登陆界面UI变了，（但是需要输入用户名和密码还有登陆按钮不会消失吧）。

登陆页面的元素的位置也相应改变，如果你的测试用例没有封装过页面和元素， 每个页面都是拿webdriver 直接写，页面元素定位

也分布到测试用例中，这要维护起来要全部改掉测试用例。如果你封装了页面，封装了元素，再封装一个对应的登陆Action，你的每个

测试用例是调用的login.action（）。　　这样，你只需要改变你对象库的内容就完美解决UI变化，而不必一个个修改测试用例。

测试框架目录如下：

  selenium测试框架篇，页面对象和元素对象的管理

接下来一这个登陆为例：

首先封装一个BasePage的类，毕竟所有的页面都有共同的东西，每个页面都有元素，每个页面元素都有相应的方法

这里简单封装了几个方法，如type 

selenium测试框架篇，页面对象和元素对象的管理

package com.dbyl.libarary.utils;

import java.io.IOException;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedCondition;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;

public class BasePage {

    protected WebDriver driver;
    protected String[][] locatorMap;

    protected BasePage(WebDriver driver) throws IOException {
        this.driver = driver;
        locatorMap = ReadExcelUtil.getLocatorMap();
    }

    protected void type(Locator locator, String values) throws Exception {
        WebElement e = findElement(driver, locator);
        e.sendKeys(values);
    }

    protected void click(Locator locator) throws Exception {
        WebElement e = findElement(driver, locator);
        e.click();
    }

    protected void clickAndHold(Locator locator) throws IOException {
        WebElement e = findElement(driver, locator);
        Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
        actions.clickAndHold(e).perform();
    }

    public WebDriver getDriver() {
        return driver;
    }

    public void setDriver(WebDriver driver) {
        this.driver = driver;
    }

    public WebElement getElement(Locator locator) throws IOException {
        return getElement(this.getDriver(), locator);
    }

    /**
     * get by parameter
     * 
     * @author Young
     * @param driver
     * @param locator
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public WebElement getElement(WebDriver driver, Locator locator)
            throws IOException {
        locator = getLocator(locator.getElement());
        WebElement e;
        switch (locator.getBy()) {
        case xpath:
            e = driver.findElement(By.xpath(locator.getElement()));
            break;
        case id:
            e = driver.findElement(By.id(locator.getElement()));
            break;
        case name:
            e = driver.findElement(By.name(locator.getElement()));
            break;
        case cssSelector:
            e = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(locator.getElement()));
            break;
        case className:
            e = driver.findElement(By.className(locator.getElement()));
            break;
        case tagName:
            e = driver.findElement(By.tagName(locator.getElement()));
            break;
        case linkText:
            e = driver.findElement(By.linkText(locator.getElement()));
            break;
        case partialLinkText:
            e = driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText(locator.getElement()));
            break;
        default:
            e = driver.findElement(By.id(locator.getElement()));
        }
        return e;
    }

    public boolean isElementPresent(WebDriver driver, Locator myLocator,
            int timeOut) throws IOException {
        final Locator locator = getLocator(myLocator.getElement());
        boolean isPresent = false;
        WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 60);
        isPresent = wait.until(new ExpectedCondition<WebElement>() {
            @Override
            public WebElement apply(WebDriver d) {
                return findElement(d, locator);
            }
        }).isDisplayed();
        return isPresent;
    }

    /**
     * This Method for check isPresent Locator
     * 
     * @param locator
     * @param timeOut
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public boolean isElementPresent(Locator locator, int timeOut)
            throws IOException {
        return isElementPresent(driver,locator, timeOut);
    }

    /**
     * 
     * @param driver
     * @param locator
     * @return
     */
    public WebElement findElement(WebDriver driver, final Locator locator) {
        WebElement element = (new WebDriverWait(driver, locator.getWaitSec()))
                .until(new ExpectedCondition<WebElement>() {

                    @Override
                    public WebElement apply(WebDriver driver) {
                        try {
                            return getElement(driver, locator);
                        } catch (IOException e) {
                            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                            return null;
                        }

                    }

                });
        return element;

    }

    public Locator getLocator(String locatorName) throws IOException {

        Locator locator;
        for (int i = 0; i < locatorMap.length; i++) {
            if (locatorMap[i][0].endsWith(locatorName)) {
                return locator = new Locator(locatorMap[i][1]);
            }
        }

        return locator = new Locator(locatorName);

    }
}
View Code

接下来封装元素，Webdriver的元素，每个元素都有相应的定位地址（xpath路径或css或id）等待时间和定位类型，默认为By.xpath

package com.dbyl.libarary.utils;

/**
 * This is for element library
 * 
 * @author Young
 *
 */
public class Locator {
    private String element;

    private int waitSec;

    /**
     * create a enum variable for By
     * 
     * @author Young
     *
     */
    public enum ByType {
        xpath, id, linkText, name, className, cssSelector, partialLinkText, tagName
    }

    private ByType byType;

    public Locator() {

    }

    /**
     * defaut Locator ,use Xpath
     * 
     * @author Young
     * @param element
     */
    public Locator(String element) {
        this.element = element;
        this.waitSec = 3;
        this.byType = ByType.xpath;
    }

    public Locator(String element, int waitSec) {
        this.waitSec = waitSec;
        this.element = element;
        this.byType = ByType.xpath;
    }

    public Locator(String element, int waitSec, ByType byType) {
        this.waitSec = waitSec;
        this.element = element;
        this.byType = byType;
    }

    public String getElement() {
        return element;
    }

    public int getWaitSec() {
        return waitSec;
    }

    public ByType getBy() {
        return byType;
    }

    public void setBy(ByType byType) {
        this.byType = byType;
    }

}
View Code

接下来就是登陆页面的类，这个登陆页面的元素，放在excel统一管理，要获取元素的信息，首先从excel读取。

读取excel的页面元素是使用POI开源框架

package com.dbyl.libarary.utils;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
import org.apache.poi.poifs.filesystem.POIFSFileSystem;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Cell;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.DateUtil;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Row;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Sheet;

public class ReadExcelUtil {

    static String path;

    /**
     * @author Young
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static String[][] getLocatorMap() throws IOException {
        path = "C:/Users/Young/workspace/Demo/src/com/dbyl/libarary/pageAction/UILibrary.xls";
        File f1 = new File(path);
        FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(f1);
        HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(new POIFSFileSystem(in));
        Sheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0);
        Row header = sheet.getRow(0);
        String[][] locatorMap = new String[sheet.getLastRowNum() + 1][header
                .getLastCellNum()];
        for (int rownum = 0; rownum <= sheet.getLastRowNum(); rownum++) {
            // for (Cell cell : row)
            Row row = sheet.getRow(rownum);

            if (row == null) {

                continue;

            }
            String value;
            for (int cellnum = 0; cellnum <= row.getLastCellNum(); cellnum++) {
                Cell cell = row.getCell(cellnum);
                if (cell == null) {
                    continue;
                } else {
                    value = "";
                }
                switch (cell.getCellType()) {
                case Cell.CELL_TYPE_STRING:
                    value = cell.getRichStringCellValue().getString();
                    break;
                case Cell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC:
                    if (DateUtil.isCellDateFormatted(cell)) {
                        value = cell.getDateCellValue().toString();

                    } else {
                        value = Double.toString((int) cell
                                .getNumericCellValue());

                    }
                    break;
                case Cell.CELL_TYPE_BOOLEAN:
                    value = Boolean.toString(cell.getBooleanCellValue());
                    break;
                case Cell.CELL_TYPE_FORMULA:
                    value = cell.getCellFormula().toLowerCase();
                    break;
                default:
                    value = " ";
                    System.out.println();
                }
                locatorMap[rownum][cellnum] = value;

            }
        }
        in.close();
        wb.close();

        return locatorMap;
    }

}
View Code

页面类

package com.dbyl.libarary.pageAction;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

import com.dbyl.libarary.utils.BasePage;
import com.dbyl.libarary.utils.Locator;

public class LoginPage extends BasePage {

    WebDriver driver;

    public WebDriver getDriver() {
        return driver;
    }

    public LoginPage(WebDriver driver) throws IOException {
        super(driver);
        driver.get("http://www.zhihu.com/#signin");
    }

    Locator loginEmailInputBox = new Locator("loginEmailInputBox");

    Locator loginPasswordInputBox = new Locator("loginPasswordInputBox");
    Locator loginButton = new Locator("loginButton");
    Locator profile = new Locator(
            "profile");

    public void typeEmailInputBox(String email) throws Exception {
        type(loginEmailInputBox, email);
    }

    public void typePasswordInputBox(String password) throws Exception {
        type(loginPasswordInputBox, password);
    }

    public void clickOnLoginButton() throws Exception {
        click(loginButton);
    }

    public boolean isPrestentProfile() throws IOException {
        return isElementPresent(profile, 20);

    }

    public void waitForPageLoad() {
        super.getDriver().manage().timeouts()
                .pageLoadTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    }

    
}

接下来就是登陆的Action

package com.dbyl.libarary.action;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.testng.Assert;

import com.dbyl.libarary.pageAction.HomePage;
import com.dbyl.libarary.pageAction.LoginPage;

public class CommonLogin {

    private static WebDriver driver;

    public static WebDriver getDriver() {
        return driver;
    }

    static LoginPage loginPage;

    public static HomePage login(String email, String password)
            throws Exception {
        loginPage = new LoginPage(getDriver());
        loginPage.waitForPageLoad();
        loginPage.typeEmailInputBox(email);
        loginPage.typePasswordInputBox(password);
        loginPage.clickOnLoginButton();
        Assert.assertTrue(loginPage.isPrestentProfile(), "login failed");
        return new HomePage(getDriver());
    }

    public static HomePage login() throws Exception {
        return CommonLogin.login("seleniumcookies@126.com", "cookies123");
    }

    public static void setDriver(WebDriver driver) {
        CommonLogin.driver = driver;
    }

}

至此为止，已经封装完毕

接下来就能在测试用例直接调用者

package com.dbyl.tests;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.testng.annotations.AfterMethod;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

import com.dbyl.libarary.action.ViewHomePage;
import com.dbyl.libarary.utils.DriverFactory;
import com.dbyl.libarary.utils.UITest;

public class loginTest extends UITest{


	WebDriver driver=DriverFactory.getChromeDriver();
	@BeforeMethod(alwaysRun=true)
	public void init()
	{
		super.init(driver);
		ViewHomePage.setDriver(driver);
		//CommonLogin.setDriver(driver);
	}
	@Test(groups="loginTest")
	public void loginByUerName() throws Exception
	{
		//CommonLogin.login("seleniumcookies@126.com","cookies123");
		ViewHomePage.viewMyProfile();
	}

	@AfterMethod(alwaysRun=true)
	public void stop() {
		super.stop();
	}



	 
	
}

　　

demo的下载地址：https://github.com/tobecrazy/Demo

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