Android 9.0 Native Looper机制（原理篇）

/**
 * Interface for a Looper message handler.
 *
 * The Looper holds a strong reference to the message handler whenever it has
 * a message to deliver to it.  Make sure to call Looper::removeMessages
 * to remove any pending messages destined for the handler so that the handler
 * can be destroyed.
 */
class MessageHandler : public virtual RefBase {
protected:
    virtual ~MessageHandler();

public:
    /**
     * Handles a message.
     */
    virtual void handleMessage(const Message& message) = 0;
};


/**
 * A simple proxy that holds a weak reference to a message handler.
 */
class WeakMessageHandler : public MessageHandler {
protected:
    virtual ~WeakMessageHandler();

public:
    WeakMessageHandler(const wp<MessageHandler>& handler);
    virtual void handleMessage(const Message& message);

private:
    wp<MessageHandler> mHandler;
};

Looper::Looper(bool allowNonCallbacks) :
        mAllowNonCallbacks(allowNonCallbacks), mSendingMessage(false),
        mPolling(false), mEpollFd(-1), mEpollRebuildRequired(false),
        mNextRequestSeq(0), mResponseIndex(0), mNextMessageUptime(LLONG_MAX) {
    mWakeEventFd = eventfd(0, EFD_NONBLOCK | EFD_CLOEXEC);
    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mWakeEventFd < 0, "Could not make wake event fd: %s",
                        strerror(errno));

    AutoMutex _l(mLock);
    rebuildEpollLocked();
}

sp<Looper> Looper::prepare(int opts) {
    bool allowNonCallbacks = opts & PREPARE_ALLOW_NON_CALLBACKS;
    sp<Looper> looper = Looper::getForThread();
    if (looper == NULL) {
        looper = new Looper(allowNonCallbacks);
        Looper::setForThread(looper);
    }
    if (looper->getAllowNonCallbacks() != allowNonCallbacks) {
        ALOGW("Looper already prepared for this thread with a different value for the "
                "LOOPER_PREPARE_ALLOW_NON_CALLBACKS option.");
    }
    return looper;
}

void Looper::rebuildEpollLocked() {
    // Close old epoll instance if we have one.
    if (mEpollFd >= 0) {
#if DEBUG_CALLBACKS
        ALOGD("%p ~ rebuildEpollLocked - rebuilding epoll set", this);
#endif
        close(mEpollFd);
    }

    // Allocate the new epoll instance and register the wake pipe.
    mEpollFd = epoll_create(EPOLL_SIZE_HINT);
    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mEpollFd < 0, "Could not create epoll instance: %s", strerror(errno));

    struct epoll_event eventItem;
    memset(& eventItem, 0, sizeof(epoll_event)); // zero out unused members of data field union
    eventItem.events = EPOLLIN;
    eventItem.data.fd = mWakeEventFd;
    int result = epoll_ctl(mEpollFd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, mWakeEventFd, & eventItem);
    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(result != 0, "Could not add wake event fd to epoll instance: %s",
                        strerror(errno));

    for (size_t i = 0; i < mRequests.size(); i++) {
        const Request& request = mRequests.valueAt(i);
        struct epoll_event eventItem;
        request.initEventItem(&eventItem);

        int epollResult = epoll_ctl(mEpollFd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, request.fd, & eventItem);
        if (epollResult < 0) {
            ALOGE("Error adding epoll events for fd %d while rebuilding epoll set: %s",
                  request.fd, strerror(errno));
        }
    }
}

    /**
     * Enqueues a message to be processed by the specified handler.
     *
     * The handler must not be null.
     * This method can be called on any thread.
     */
    void sendMessage(const sp<MessageHandler>& handler, const Message& message);

    /**
     * Enqueues a message to be processed by the specified handler after all pending messages
     * after the specified delay.
     *
     * The time delay is specified in uptime nanoseconds.
     * The handler must not be null.
     * This method can be called on any thread.
     */
    void sendMessageDelayed(nsecs_t uptimeDelay, const sp<MessageHandler>& handler,
            const Message& message);

    /**
     * Enqueues a message to be processed by the specified handler after all pending messages
     * at the specified time.
     *
     * The time is specified in uptime nanoseconds.
     * The handler must not be null.
     * This method can be called on any thread.
     */
    void sendMessageAtTime(nsecs_t uptime, const sp<MessageHandler>& handler,
            const Message& message);

void Looper::sendMessageAtTime(nsecs_t uptime, const sp<MessageHandler>& handler,
        const Message& message) {
#if DEBUG_CALLBACKS
    ALOGD("%p ~ sendMessageAtTime - uptime=%" PRId64 ", handler=%p, what=%d",
            this, uptime, handler.get(), message.what);
#endif

    size_t i = 0;
    { // acquire lock
        AutoMutex _l(mLock);

        size_t messageCount = mMessageEnvelopes.size();
        while (i < messageCount && uptime >= mMessageEnvelopes.itemAt(i).uptime) {
            i += 1;
        }

        MessageEnvelope messageEnvelope(uptime, handler, message);
        mMessageEnvelopes.insertAt(messageEnvelope, i, 1);

        // Optimization: If the Looper is currently sending a message, then we can skip
        // the call to wake() because the next thing the Looper will do after processing
        // messages is to decide when the next wakeup time should be.  In fact, it does
        // not even matter whether this code is running on the Looper thread.
        if (mSendingMessage) {
            return;
        }
    } // release lock

    // Wake the poll loop only when we enqueue a new message at the head.
    if (i == 0) {
        wake();
    }
}

    /**
     * Removes all messages for the specified handler from the queue.
     *
     * The handler must not be null.
     * This method can be called on any thread.
     */
    void removeMessages(const sp<MessageHandler>& handler);

    /**
     * Removes all messages of a particular type for the specified handler from the queue.
     *
     * The handler must not be null.
     * This method can be called on any thread.
     */
    void removeMessages(const sp<MessageHandler>& handler, int what);

    /**
     * Adds a new file descriptor to be polled by the looper.
     * If the same file descriptor was previously added, it is replaced.
     *
     * "fd" is the file descriptor to be added.
     * "ident" is an identifier for this event, which is returned from pollOnce().
     * The identifier must be >= 0, or POLL_CALLBACK if providing a non-NULL callback.
     * "events" are the poll events to wake up on.  Typically this is EVENT_INPUT.
     * "callback" is the function to call when there is an event on the file descriptor.
     * "data" is a private data pointer to supply to the callback.
     *
     * There are two main uses of this function:
     *
     * (1) If "callback" is non-NULL, then this function will be called when there is
     * data on the file descriptor.  It should execute any events it has pending,
     * appropriately reading from the file descriptor.  The 'ident' is ignored in this case.
     *
     * (2) If "callback" is NULL, the 'ident' will be returned by Looper_pollOnce
     * when its file descriptor has data available, requiring the caller to take
     * care of processing it.
     *
     * Returns 1 if the file descriptor was added, 0 if the arguments were invalid.
     *
     * This method can be called on any thread.
     * This method may block briefly if it needs to wake the poll.
     *
     * The callback may either be specified as a bare function pointer or as a smart
     * pointer callback object.  The smart pointer should be preferred because it is
     * easier to avoid races when the callback is removed from a different thread.
     * See removeFd() for details.
     */
    int addFd(int fd, int ident, int events, Looper_callbackFunc callback, void* data);
    int addFd(int fd, int ident, int events, const sp<LooperCallback>& callback, void* data);

int Looper::addFd(int fd, int ident, int events, const sp<LooperCallback>& callback, void* data) {
#if DEBUG_CALLBACKS
    ALOGD("%p ~ addFd - fd=%d, ident=%d, events=0x%x, callback=%p, data=%p", this, fd, ident,
            events, callback.get(), data);
#endif

    if (!callback.get()) {
        if (! mAllowNonCallbacks) {
            ALOGE("Invalid attempt to set NULL callback but not allowed for this looper.");
            return -1;
        }

        if (ident < 0) {
            ALOGE("Invalid attempt to set NULL callback with ident < 0.");
            return -1;
        }
    } else {
        ident = POLL_CALLBACK;
    }

    { // acquire lock
        AutoMutex _l(mLock);

        Request request;
        request.fd = fd;
        request.ident = ident;
        request.events = events;
        request.seq = mNextRequestSeq++;
        request.callback = callback;
        request.data = data;
        if (mNextRequestSeq == -1) mNextRequestSeq = 0; // reserve sequence number -1

        struct epoll_event eventItem;
        request.initEventItem(&eventItem);

        ssize_t requestIndex = mRequests.indexOfKey(fd);
        if (requestIndex < 0) {
            int epollResult = epoll_ctl(mEpollFd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, fd, & eventItem);
            if (epollResult < 0) {
                ALOGE("Error adding epoll events for fd %d: %s", fd, strerror(errno));
                return -1;
            }
            mRequests.add(fd, request);
        } else {
            int epollResult = epoll_ctl(mEpollFd, EPOLL_CTL_MOD, fd, & eventItem);
            if (epollResult < 0) {
                if (errno == ENOENT) {
                    // Tolerate ENOENT because it means that an older file descriptor was
                    // closed before its callback was unregistered and meanwhile a new
                    // file descriptor with the same number has been created and is now
                    // being registered for the first time.  This error may occur naturally
                    // when a callback has the side-effect of closing the file descriptor
                    // before returning and unregistering itself.  Callback sequence number
                    // checks further ensure that the race is benign.
                    //
                    // Unfortunately due to kernel limitations we need to rebuild the epoll
                    // set from scratch because it may contain an old file handle that we are
                    // now unable to remove since its file descriptor is no longer valid.
                    // No such problem would have occurred if we were using the poll system
                    // call instead, but that approach carries others disadvantages.
#if DEBUG_CALLBACKS
                    ALOGD("%p ~ addFd - EPOLL_CTL_MOD failed due to file descriptor "
                            "being recycled, falling back on EPOLL_CTL_ADD: %s",
                            this, strerror(errno));
#endif
                    epollResult = epoll_ctl(mEpollFd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, fd, & eventItem);
                    if (epollResult < 0) {
                        ALOGE("Error modifying or adding epoll events for fd %d: %s",
                                fd, strerror(errno));
                        return -1;
                    }
                    scheduleEpollRebuildLocked();
                } else {
                    ALOGE("Error modifying epoll events for fd %d: %s", fd, strerror(errno));
                    return -1;
                }
            }
            mRequests.replaceValueAt(requestIndex, request);
        }
    } // release lock
    return 1;
}