娣卞叆鍒嗘瀽 Java I/O 鐨勫伐浣滄満鍒
Java I/O 绫诲簱鐨勫熀鏈灦鏋?/strong>
I/O 闂鏄换浣曠紪绋嬭瑷€閮芥棤娉曞洖閬跨殑闂锛屽彲浠ヨ I/O 闂鏄暣涓汉鏈轰氦浜掔殑鏍稿績闂锛屽洜涓?I/O 鏄満鍣ㄨ幏鍙栧拰浜ゆ崲淇℃伅鐨勪富瑕佹笭閬撱€傚湪褰撲粖杩欎釜鏁版嵁澶х垎鐐告椂浠ｏ紝I/O 闂灏ゅ叾绐佸嚭锛屽緢瀹规槗鎴愪负涓€涓€ц兘鐡堕銆傛鍥犲姝わ紝鎵€浠?Java 鍦?I/O 涓婁篃涓€鐩村湪鍋氭寔缁殑浼樺寲锛屽浠?1.4 寮€濮嬪紩鍏ヤ簡 NIO锛屾彁鍗囦簡 I/O 鐨勬€ц兘銆傚叧浜?NIO 鎴戜滑灏嗗湪鍚庨潰璇︾粏浠嬬粛銆?/p>
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Java 鐨?I/O 鎿嶄綔绫诲湪鍖?java.io 涓嬶紝澶ф鏈夊皢杩?80 涓被锛屼絾鏄繖浜涚被澶ф鍙互鍒嗘垚鍥涚粍锛屽垎鍒槸锛?/p>
- 鍩轰簬瀛楄妭鎿嶄綔鐨?I/O 鎺ュ彛锛欼nputStream 鍜?OutputStream
- 鍩轰簬瀛楃鎿嶄綔鐨?I/O 鎺ュ彛锛歐riter 鍜?Reader
- 鍩轰簬纾佺洏鎿嶄綔鐨?I/O 鎺ュ彛锛欶ile
- 鍩轰簬缃戠粶鎿嶄綔鐨?I/O 鎺ュ彛锛歋ocket
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鍓嶄袱缁勪富瑕佹槸鏍规嵁浼犺緭鏁版嵁鐨勬暟鎹牸寮忥紝鍚庝袱缁勪富瑕佹槸鏍规嵁浼犺緭鏁版嵁鐨勬柟寮忥紝铏界劧 Socket 绫诲苟涓嶅湪 java.io 鍖呬笅锛屼絾鏄垜浠嶇劧鎶婂畠浠垝鍒嗗湪涓€璧凤紝鍥犱负鎴戜釜浜鸿涓?I/O 鐨勬牳蹇冮棶棰樿涔堟槸鏁版嵁鏍煎紡褰卞搷 I/O 鎿嶄綔锛岃涔堟槸浼犺緭鏂瑰紡褰卞搷 I/O 鎿嶄綔锛屼篃灏辨槸灏嗕粈涔堟牱鐨勬暟鎹啓鍒颁粈涔堝湴鏂圭殑闂锛孖/O 鍙槸浜轰笌鏈哄櫒鎴栬€呮満鍣ㄤ笌鏈哄櫒浜や簰鐨勬墜娈碉紝闄や簡鍦ㄥ畠浠兘澶熷畬鎴愯繖涓氦浜掑姛鑳藉锛屾垜浠叧娉ㄧ殑灏辨槸濡備綍鎻愰珮瀹冪殑杩愯鏁堢巼浜嗭紝鑰屾暟鎹牸寮忓拰浼犺緭鏂瑰紡鏄奖鍝嶆晥鐜囨渶鍏?閿殑鍥犵礌浜嗐€傛垜浠悗闈㈢殑鍒嗘瀽涔熸槸鍩轰簬杩欎袱涓洜绱犳潵灞曞紑鐨勩€?/p>
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鍩轰簬瀛楄妭鐨?I/O 鎿嶄綔鎺ュ彛杈撳叆鍜岃緭鍑哄垎鍒槸锛欼nputStream 鍜?OutputStream锛孖nputStream 杈撳叆娴佺殑绫荤户鎵垮眰娆″涓嬪浘鎵€绀猴細
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杈撳叆娴佹牴鎹暟鎹被鍨嬪拰鎿嶄綔鏂瑰紡鍙堣鍒掑垎鎴愯嫢骞蹭釜瀛愮被锛屾瘡涓瓙绫诲垎鍒鐞嗕笉鍚屾搷浣滅被鍨嬶紝OutputStream 杈撳嚭娴佺殑绫诲眰娆＄粨鏋勪篃鏄被浼硷紝濡備笅鍥炬墍绀猴細
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杩欓噷灏变笉璇︾粏瑙ｉ噴姣忎釜瀛愮被濡備綍浣跨敤浜嗭紝濡傛灉涓嶆竻妤氱殑璇濆彲浠ュ弬鑰冧竴涓?JDK 鐨?API 璇存槑鏂囨。锛岃繖閲屽彧鎯宠鏄庝袱鐐癸紝涓€涓槸鎿嶄綔鏁版嵁鐨勬柟寮忔槸鍙互缁勫悎浣跨敤鐨勶紝濡傝繖鏍风粍鍚堜娇鐢細
OutputStream out = new BufferedOutputStream(new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("fileName"))锛?/pre>
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杩樻湁涓€鐐规槸娴佹渶缁堝啓鍒颁粈涔堝湴鏂瑰繀椤昏鎸囧畾锛岃涔堟槸鍐欏埌纾佺洏瑕佷箞鏄啓鍒扮綉缁滀腑锛屽叾瀹炰粠涓婇潰鐨勭被鍥句腑鎴戜滑鍙戠幇锛屽啓缃戠粶瀹為檯涓婁篃鏄啓鏂囦欢锛屽彧涓嶈繃鍐欑綉缁滆繕鏈変竴姝ラ渶瑕佸鐞嗗氨鏄簳灞傛搷浣滅郴缁熷啀灏嗘暟鎹紶閫佸埌鍏跺畠鍦版柟鑰屼笉鏄湰鍦扮鐩樸€傚叧浜庣綉缁?I/O 鍜岀鐩?I/O 鎴戜滑灏嗗湪鍚庨潰璇︾粏浠嬬粛銆?br>
鍩轰簬瀛楃鐨?I/O 鎿嶄綔鎺ュ彛
涓嶇鏄鐩樿繕鏄綉缁滀紶杈擄紝鏈€灏忕殑瀛樺偍鍗曞厓閮芥槸瀛楄妭锛岃€屼笉鏄瓧绗︼紝鎵€浠?I/O 鎿嶄綔鐨勯兘鏄瓧鑺傝€屼笉鏄瓧绗︼紝浣嗘槸涓哄暐鏈夋搷浣滃瓧绗︾殑 I/O 鎺ュ彛鍛紵杩欐槸鍥犱负鎴戜滑鐨勭▼搴忎腑閫氬父鎿嶄綔鐨勬暟鎹兘鏄互瀛楃褰㈠紡锛屼负浜嗘搷浣滄柟渚垮綋鐒惰鎻愪緵涓€涓洿鎺ュ啓瀛楃鐨?I/O 鎺ュ彛锛屽姝よ€屽凡銆傛垜浠煡閬撳瓧绗﹀埌瀛楄妭蹇呴』瑕佺粡杩囩紪鐮佽浆鎹紝鑰岃繖涓紪鐮佸張闈炲父鑰楁椂锛岃€屼笖杩樹細缁忓父鍑虹幇涔辩爜闂锛屾墍浠?I/O 鐨勭紪鐮侀棶棰樼粡甯告槸璁╀汉澶寸柤鐨勯棶棰樸€傚叧浜?I/O 缂栫爜闂璇峰弬鑰冨彟涓€绡囨枃绔?銆婃繁鍏ュ垎鏋怞ava涓殑涓枃缂栫爜闂銆嬨€?br>
涓嬪浘鏄啓瀛楃鐨?I/O 鎿嶄綔鎺ュ彛娑夊強鍒扮殑绫伙紝Writer 绫绘彁渚涗簡涓€涓娊璞℃柟娉?write(char cbuf[], int off, int len) 鐢卞瓙绫诲幓瀹炵幇銆?/p>
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鍥?3. Writer 鐩稿叧绫诲眰娆＄粨鏋?br>
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璇诲瓧绗︾殑鎿嶄綔鎺ュ彛涔熸湁绫讳技鐨勭被缁撴瀯锛屽涓嬪浘鎵€绀猴細
鍥?4.Reader 绫诲眰娆＄粨鏋?/p>
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璇诲瓧绗︾殑鎿嶄綔鎺ュ彛涓篃鏄?int read(char cbuf[], int off, int len)锛岃繑鍥炶鍒扮殑 n 涓瓧鑺傛暟锛屼笉绠℃槸 Writer 杩樻槸 Reader 绫诲畠浠兘鍙畾涔変簡璇诲彇鎴栧啓鍏ョ殑鏁版嵁瀛楃鐨勬柟寮忥紝涔熷氨鏄€庝箞鍐欐垨璇伙紝浣嗘槸骞舵病鏈夎瀹氭暟鎹鍐欏埌鍝幓锛屽啓鍒板摢鍘诲氨鏄垜浠悗闈㈣璁ㄨ鐨勫熀浜庣鐩樺拰缃戠粶鐨勫伐浣滄満鍒躲€?br>
瀛楄妭涓庡瓧绗︾殑杞寲鎺ュ彛
鍙﹀鏁版嵁鎸佷箙鍖栨垨缃戠粶浼犺緭閮芥槸浠ュ瓧鑺傝繘琛岀殑锛屾墍浠ュ繀椤昏鏈夊瓧绗﹀埌瀛楄妭鎴栧瓧鑺傚埌瀛楃鐨勮浆鍖栥€傚瓧绗﹀埌瀛楄妭闇€瑕佽浆鍖栵紝鍏朵腑璇荤殑杞寲杩囩▼濡備笅鍥炬墍绀猴細
鍥?5. 瀛楃瑙ｇ爜鐩稿叧绫荤粨鏋?/p>
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InputStreamReader 绫绘槸瀛楄妭鍒板瓧绗︾殑杞寲妗ユ锛孖nputStream 鍒?Reader 鐨勮繃绋嬭鎸囧畾缂栫爜瀛楃闆嗭紝鍚﹀垯灏嗛噰鐢ㄦ搷浣滅郴缁熼粯璁ゅ瓧绗﹂泦锛屽緢鍙兘浼氬嚭鐜颁贡鐮侀棶棰樸€係treamDecoder 姝ｆ槸瀹屾垚瀛楄妭鍒板瓧绗︾殑瑙ｇ爜鐨勫疄鐜扮被銆備篃灏辨槸褰撲綘鐢ㄥ涓嬫柟寮忚鍙栦竴涓枃浠舵椂锛?br>
娓呭崟 1.璇诲彇鏂囦欢
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try {
StringBuffer str = new StringBuffer();
char[] buf = new char[1024];
FileReader f = new FileReader("file");
while(f.read(buf)>0){
str.append(buf);
}
str.toString();
} catch (IOException e) {}
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FileReader 绫诲氨鏄寜鐓т笂闈㈢殑宸ヤ綔鏂瑰紡璇诲彇鏂囦欢鐨勶紝FileReader 鏄户鎵夸簡 InputStreamReader 绫伙紝瀹為檯涓婃槸璇诲彇鏂囦欢娴侊紝鐒跺悗閫氳繃 StreamDecoder 瑙ｇ爜鎴?char锛屽彧涓嶈繃杩欓噷鐨勮В鐮佸瓧绗﹂泦鏄粯璁ゅ瓧绗﹂泦銆傚啓鍏ヤ篃鏄被浼肩殑杩囩▼濡備笅鍥炬墍绀恒€?br>
鍥?6. 瀛楃缂栫爜鐩稿叧绫荤粨鏋?/p>
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閫氳繃 OutputStreamWriter 绫诲畬鎴愶紝瀛楃鍒板瓧鑺傜殑缂栫爜杩囩▼锛岀敱 StreamEncoder 瀹屾垚缂栫爜杩囩▼銆?/p>
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纾佺洏 I/O 宸ヤ綔鏈哄埗
鍓嶉潰浠嬬粛浜嗗熀鏈殑 Java I/O 鐨勬搷浣滄帴鍙ｏ紝杩欎簺鎺ュ彛涓昏瀹氫箟浜嗗浣曟搷浣滄暟鎹紝浠ュ強浠嬬粛浜嗘搷浣滀袱绉嶆暟鎹粨鏋勶細瀛楄妭鍜屽瓧绗︾殑鏂瑰紡銆傝繕鏈変竴涓叧閿棶棰樺氨鏄暟鎹啓鍒颁綍澶勶紝鍏朵腑涓€涓富瑕佹柟寮忓氨鏄皢鏁版嵁鎸佷箙鍖栧埌鐗╃悊纾佺洏锛屼笅闈㈠皢浠嬬粛濡備綍灏嗘暟鎹寔涔呭寲鍒扮墿鐞嗙鐩樼殑杩囩▼銆?br>
鎴戜滑鐭ラ亾鏁版嵁鍦ㄧ鐩樼殑鍞竴鏈€灏忔弿杩板氨鏄枃浠讹紝涔熷氨鏄涓婂眰搴旂敤绋嬪簭鍙兘閫氳繃鏂囦欢鏉ユ搷浣滅鐩樹笂鐨勬暟鎹紝鏂囦欢涔熸槸鎿嶄綔绯荤粺鍜岀鐩橀┍鍔ㄥ櫒浜や簰鐨勪竴涓渶灏忓崟鍏冦€傚€煎緱娉ㄦ剰鐨勬槸 Java 涓€氬父鐨?File 骞朵笉浠ｈ〃涓€涓湡瀹炲瓨鍦ㄧ殑鏂囦欢瀵硅薄锛屽綋浣犻€氳繃鎸囧畾涓€涓矾寰勬弿杩扮鏃讹紝瀹冨氨浼氳繑鍥炰竴涓唬琛ㄨ繖涓矾寰勭浉鍏宠仈鐨勪竴涓櫄鎷熷璞★紝杩欎釜鍙兘鏄竴涓湡瀹炲瓨鍦ㄧ殑鏂囦欢鎴栬€呮槸涓€涓寘鍚涓枃浠剁殑鐩綍銆備负浣曡杩欐牱璁捐锛熷洜涓哄ぇ閮ㄥ垎鎯呭喌涓嬶紝鎴戜滑骞朵笉鍏冲績杩欎釜鏂囦欢鏄惁鐪熺殑瀛樺湪锛岃€屾槸鍏冲績杩欎釜鏂囦欢鍒板簳濡備綍鎿嶄綔銆備緥濡傛垜浠墜鏈洪噷閫氬父瀛樹簡鍑犵櫨涓湅鍙嬬殑鐢佃瘽鍙风爜锛屼絾鏄垜浠€氬父鍏冲績鐨勬槸鎴戞湁娌℃湁杩欎釜鏈嬪弸鐨勭數璇濆彿鐮侊紝鎴栬€呰繖涓數璇濆彿鐮佹槸浠€涔堬紝浣嗘槸杩欎釜鐢佃瘽鍙风爜鍒板簳鑳戒笉鑳芥墦閫氾紝鎴戜滑骞朵笉鏄椂鏃跺埢鍒婚兘鍘绘鏌ワ紝鑰屽彧鏈夊湪鐪熸瑕佺粰浠栨墦鐢佃瘽鏃舵墠浼氱湅杩欎釜鐢佃瘽鑳戒笉鑳界敤銆備篃灏辨槸浣跨敤杩欎釜鐢佃瘽璁板綍瑕佹瘮鎵撹繖涓數璇濈殑娆℃暟澶氬緢澶氥€?br>
浣曟椂鐪熸浼氳妫€鏌ヤ竴涓枃浠跺瓨涓嶅瓨锛熷氨鏄湪鐪熸瑕佽鍙栬繖涓枃浠舵椂锛屼緥濡?FileInputStream 绫婚兘鏄搷浣滀竴涓枃浠剁殑鎺ュ彛锛屾敞鎰忓埌鍦ㄥ垱寤轰竴涓?FileInputStream 瀵硅薄鏃讹紝浼氬垱寤轰竴涓?FileDescriptor 瀵硅薄锛屽叾瀹炶繖涓璞″氨鏄湡姝ｄ唬琛ㄤ竴涓瓨鍦ㄧ殑鏂囦欢瀵硅薄鐨勬弿杩帮紝褰撴垜浠湪鎿嶄綔涓€涓枃浠跺璞℃椂鍙互閫氳繃 getFD() 鏂规硶鑾峰彇鐪熸鎿嶄綔鐨勪笌搴曞眰鎿嶄綔绯荤粺鍏宠仈鐨勬枃浠舵弿杩般€備緥濡傚彲浠ヨ皟鐢?FileDescriptor.sync() 鏂规硶灏嗘搷浣滅郴缁熺紦瀛樹腑鐨勬暟鎹己鍒跺埛鏂板埌鐗╃悊纾佺洏涓€?br>
涓嬮潰浠ユ竻鍗?1 鐨勭▼搴忎负渚嬶紝浠嬬粛涓嬪浣曚粠纾佺洏璇诲彇涓€娈垫枃鏈瓧绗︺€傚涓嬪浘鎵€绀恒€?br>鍥?7. 浠庣鐩樿鍙栨枃浠?/p>
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褰撲紶鍏ヤ竴涓枃浠惰矾寰勶紝灏嗕細鏍规嵁杩欎釜璺緞鍒涘缓涓€涓?File 瀵硅薄鏉ユ爣璇嗚繖涓枃浠讹紝鐒跺悗灏嗕細鏍规嵁杩欎釜 File 瀵硅薄鍒涘缓鐪熸璇诲彇鏂囦欢鐨勬搷浣滃璞★紝杩欐椂灏嗕細鐪熸鍒涘缓涓€涓叧鑱旂湡瀹炲瓨鍦ㄧ殑纾佺洏鏂囦欢鐨勬枃浠舵弿杩扮 FileDescriptor锛岄€氳繃杩欎釜瀵硅薄鍙互鐩存帴鎺у埗杩欎釜纾佺洏鏂囦欢銆傜敱浜庢垜浠渶瑕佽鍙栫殑鏄瓧绗︽牸寮忥紝鎵€浠ラ渶瑕?StreamDecoder 绫诲皢 byte 瑙ｇ爜涓?char 鏍煎紡锛岃嚦浜庡浣曚粠纾佺洏椹卞姩鍣ㄤ笂璇诲彇涓€娈垫暟鎹紝鐢辨搷浣滅郴缁熷府鎴戜滑瀹屾垚銆傝嚦浜庢搷浣滅郴缁熸槸濡備綍灏嗘暟鎹寔涔呭寲鍒扮鐩樹互鍙婂浣曞缓绔嬫暟鎹粨鏋勯渶瑕佹牴鎹綋鍓嶆搷浣滅郴缁熶娇鐢ㄤ綍绉嶆枃浠剁郴缁熸潵鍥炵瓟锛岃嚦浜庢枃浠剁郴缁熺殑鐩稿叧缁嗚妭鍙互鍙傝€冨彟澶栫殑鏂囩珷銆?/p>
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Java Socket 鐨勫伐浣滄満鍒?/strong>
Socket 杩欎釜姒傚康娌℃湁瀵瑰簲鍒颁竴涓叿浣撶殑瀹炰綋锛屽畠鏄弿杩拌绠楁満涔嬮棿瀹屾垚鐩镐簰閫氫俊涓€绉嶆娊璞″姛鑳姐€傛墦涓瘮鏂癸紝鍙互鎶?Socket 姣斾綔涓轰袱涓煄甯備箣闂寸殑浜ら€氬伐鍏凤紝鏈変簡瀹冿紝灏卞彲浠ュ湪鍩庡競涔嬮棿鏉ュ洖绌挎浜嗐€備氦閫氬伐鍏锋湁澶氱锛屾瘡绉嶄氦閫氬伐鍏蜂篃鏈夌浉搴旂殑浜ら€氳鍒欍€係ocket 涔熶竴鏍凤紝涔熸湁澶氱銆傚ぇ閮ㄥ垎鎯呭喌涓嬫垜浠娇鐢ㄧ殑閮芥槸鍩轰簬 TCP/IP 鐨勬祦濂楁帴瀛楋紝瀹冩槸涓€绉嶇ǔ瀹氱殑閫氫俊鍗忚銆?br>
涓嬪浘鏄吀鍨嬬殑鍩轰簬 Socket 鐨勯€氫俊鐨勫満鏅細
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涓绘満 A 鐨勫簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忚鑳藉拰涓绘満 B 鐨勫簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忛€氫俊锛屽繀椤婚€氳繃 Socket 寤虹珛杩炴帴锛岃€屽缓绔?Socket 杩炴帴蹇呴』闇€瑕佸簳灞?TCP/IP 鍗忚鏉ュ缓绔?TCP 杩炴帴銆傚缓绔?TCP 杩炴帴闇€瑕佸簳灞?IP 鍗忚鏉ュ鍧€缃戠粶涓殑涓绘満銆傛垜浠煡閬撶綉缁滃眰浣跨敤鐨?IP 鍗忚鍙互甯姪鎴戜滑鏍规嵁 IP 鍦板潃鏉ユ壘鍒扮洰鏍囦富鏈猴紝浣嗘槸涓€鍙颁富鏈轰笂鍙兘杩愯鐫€澶氫釜搴旂敤绋嬪簭锛屽浣曟墠鑳戒笌鎸囧畾鐨勫簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忛€氫俊灏辫閫氳繃 TCP 鎴?UPD 鐨勫湴鍧€涔熷氨鏄鍙ｅ彿鏉ユ寚瀹氥€傝繖鏍峰氨鍙互閫氳繃涓€涓?Socket 瀹炰緥鍞竴浠ｈ〃涓€涓富鏈轰笂鐨勪竴涓簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忕殑閫氫俊閾捐矾浜嗐€?br>
寤虹珛閫氫俊閾捐矾
褰撳鎴风瑕佷笌鏈嶅姟绔€氫俊锛屽鎴风棣栧厛瑕佸垱寤轰竴涓?Socket 瀹炰緥锛屾搷浣滅郴缁熷皢涓鸿繖涓?Socket 瀹炰緥鍒嗛厤涓€涓病鏈夎浣跨敤鐨勬湰鍦扮鍙ｅ彿锛屽苟鍒涘缓涓€涓寘鍚湰鍦板拰杩滅▼鍦板潃鍜岀鍙ｅ彿鐨勫鎺ュ瓧鏁版嵁缁撴瀯锛岃繖涓暟鎹粨鏋勫皢涓€鐩翠繚瀛樺湪绯荤粺涓洿鍒拌繖涓繛鎺ュ叧闂€傚湪鍒涘缓 Socket 瀹炰緥鐨勬瀯閫犲嚱鏁版纭繑鍥炰箣鍓嶏紝灏嗚杩涜 TCP 鐨勪笁娆℃彙鎵嬪崗璁紝TCP 鎻℃墜鍗忚瀹屾垚鍚庯紝Socket 瀹炰緥瀵硅薄灏嗗垱寤哄畬鎴愶紝鍚﹀垯灏嗘姏鍑?IOException 閿欒銆?br>
涓庝箣瀵瑰簲鐨勬湇鍔＄灏嗗垱寤轰竴涓?ServerSocket 瀹炰緥锛孲erverSocket 鍒涘缓姣旇緝绠€鍗曞彧瑕佹寚瀹氱殑绔彛鍙锋病鏈夎鍗犵敤锛屼竴鑸疄渚嬪垱寤洪兘浼氭垚鍔燂紝鍚屾椂鎿嶄綔绯荤粺涔熶細涓?ServerSocket 瀹炰緥鍒涘缓涓€涓簳灞傛暟鎹粨鏋勶紝杩欎釜鏁版嵁缁撴瀯涓寘鍚寚瀹氱洃鍚殑绔彛鍙峰拰鍖呭惈鐩戝惉鍦板潃鐨勯€氶厤绗︼紝閫氬父鎯呭喌涓嬮兘鏄€?鈥濆嵆鐩戝惉鎵€鏈夊湴鍧€銆備箣鍚庡綋璋冪敤 accept() 鏂规硶鏃讹紝灏嗚繘鍏ラ樆濉炵姸鎬侊紝绛夊緟瀹㈡埛绔殑璇锋眰銆傚綋涓€涓柊鐨勮姹傚埌鏉ユ椂锛屽皢涓鸿繖涓繛鎺ュ垱寤轰竴涓柊鐨勫鎺ュ瓧鏁版嵁缁撴瀯锛岃濂楁帴瀛楁暟鎹殑淇℃伅鍖呭惈鐨勫湴鍧€鍜岀鍙ｄ俊鎭鏄姹傛簮鍦板潃鍜岀鍙ｃ€傝繖涓柊鍒涘缓鐨勬暟鎹粨鏋勫皢浼氬叧鑱斿埌 ServerSocket 瀹炰緥鐨勪竴涓湭瀹屾垚鐨勮繛鎺ユ暟鎹粨鏋勫垪琛ㄤ腑锛屾敞鎰忚繖鏃舵湇鍔＄涓庝箣瀵瑰簲鐨?Socket 瀹炰緥骞舵病鏈夊畬鎴愬垱寤猴紝鑰岃绛夊埌涓庡鎴风鐨勪笁娆℃彙鎵嬪畬鎴愬悗锛岃繖涓湇鍔＄鐨?Socket 瀹炰緥鎵嶄細杩斿洖锛屽苟灏嗚繖涓?Socket 瀹炰緥瀵瑰簲鐨勬暟鎹粨鏋勪粠鏈畬鎴愬垪琛ㄤ腑绉诲埌宸插畬鎴愬垪琛ㄤ腑銆傛墍浠?ServerSocket 鎵€鍏宠仈鐨勫垪琛ㄤ腑姣忎釜鏁版嵁缁撴瀯锛岄兘浠ｈ〃涓庝竴涓鎴风鐨勫缓绔嬬殑 TCP 杩炴帴銆?br>
鏁版嵁浼犺緭
浼犺緭鏁版嵁鏄垜浠缓绔嬭繛鎺ョ殑涓昏鐩殑锛屽浣曢€氳繃 Socket 浼犺緭鏁版嵁锛屼笅闈㈠皢璇︾粏浠嬬粛銆?br>
褰撹繛鎺ュ凡缁忓缓绔嬫垚鍔燂紝鏈嶅姟绔拰瀹㈡埛绔兘浼氭嫢鏈変竴涓?Socket 瀹炰緥锛屾瘡涓?Socket 瀹炰緥閮芥湁涓€涓?InputStream 鍜?OutputStream锛屾鏄€氳繃杩欎袱涓璞℃潵浜ゆ崲鏁版嵁銆傚悓鏃舵垜浠篃鐭ラ亾缃戠粶 I/O 閮芥槸浠ュ瓧鑺傛祦浼犺緭鐨勩€傚綋 Socket 瀵硅薄鍒涘缓鏃讹紝鎿嶄綔绯荤粺灏嗕細涓?InputStream 鍜?OutputStream 鍒嗗埆鍒嗛厤涓€瀹氬ぇ灏忕殑缂撳啿鍖猴紝鏁版嵁鐨勫啓鍏ュ拰璇诲彇閮芥槸閫氳繃杩欎釜缂撳瓨鍖哄畬鎴愮殑銆?/p>
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鍐欏叆绔皢鏁版嵁鍐欏埌 OutputStream 瀵瑰簲鐨?SendQ 闃熷垪涓紝褰撻槦鍒楀～婊℃椂锛屾暟鎹皢琚彂閫佸埌鍙︿竴绔?InputStream 鐨?RecvQ 闃熷垪涓紝濡傛灉杩欐椂 RecvQ 宸茬粡婊′簡锛岄偅涔?OutputStream 鐨?write 鏂规硶灏嗕細闃诲鐩村埌 RecvQ 闃熷垪鏈夎冻澶熺殑绌洪棿瀹圭撼 SendQ 鍙戦€佺殑鏁版嵁銆傚€煎緱鐗瑰埆娉ㄦ剰鐨勬槸锛岃繖涓紦瀛樺尯鐨勫ぇ灏忎互鍙婂啓鍏ョ鐨勯€熷害鍜岃鍙栫鐨勯€熷害闈炲父褰卞搷杩欎釜杩炴帴鐨勬暟鎹紶杈撴晥鐜囷紝鐢变簬鍙兘浼氬彂鐢熼樆濉烇紝鎵€浠ョ綉缁?I/O 涓庣鐩?I/O 鍦ㄦ暟鎹殑鍐欏叆鍜岃鍙栬繕瑕佹湁涓€涓崗璋冪殑杩囩▼锛屽鏋滀袱杈瑰悓鏃朵紶閫佹暟鎹椂鍙兘浼氫骇鐢熸閿侊紝鍦ㄥ悗闈?NIO 閮ㄥ垎灏嗕粙缁嶉伩鍏嶈繖绉嶆儏鍐点€?/p>
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NIO 鐨勫伐浣滄柟寮?/strong>
BIO 甯︽潵鐨勬寫鎴?br>BIO 鍗抽樆濉?I/O锛屼笉绠℃槸纾佺洏 I/O 杩樻槸缃戠粶 I/O锛屾暟鎹湪鍐欏叆 OutputStream 鎴栬€呬粠 InputStream 璇诲彇鏃堕兘鏈夊彲鑳戒細闃诲銆備竴鏃︽湁绾跨▼闃诲灏嗕細澶卞幓 CPU 鐨勪娇鐢ㄦ潈锛岃繖鍦ㄥ綋鍓嶇殑澶ц妯¤闂噺鍜屾湁鎬ц兘瑕佹眰鎯呭喌涓嬫槸涓嶈兘鎺ュ彈鐨勩€傝櫧鐒跺綋鍓嶇殑缃戠粶 I/O 鏈変竴浜涜В鍐冲姙娉曪紝濡備竴涓鎴风涓€涓鐞嗙嚎绋嬶紝鍑虹幇闃诲鏃跺彧鏄竴涓嚎绋嬮樆濉炶€屼笉浼氬奖鍝嶅叾瀹冪嚎绋嬪伐浣滐紝杩樻湁涓轰簡鍑忓皯绯荤粺绾跨▼鐨勫紑閿€锛岄噰鐢ㄧ嚎绋嬫睜鐨勫姙娉曟潵鍑忓皯绾跨▼鍒涘缓鍜屽洖鏀剁殑鎴愭湰锛屼絾鏄湁涓€浜涗娇鐢ㄥ満鏅粛鐒舵槸鏃犳硶瑙ｅ喅鐨勩€傚褰撳墠涓€浜涢渶瑕佸ぇ閲?HTTP 闀胯繛鎺ョ殑鎯呭喌锛屽儚娣樺疂鐜板湪浣跨敤鐨?Web 鏃烘椇椤圭洰锛屾湇鍔＄闇€瑕佸悓鏃朵繚鎸佸嚑鐧句竾鐨?HTTP 杩炴帴锛屼絾鏄苟涓嶆槸姣忔椂姣忓埢杩欎簺杩炴帴閮藉湪浼犺緭鏁版嵁锛岃繖绉嶆儏鍐典笅涓嶅彲鑳藉悓鏃跺垱寤鸿繖涔堝绾跨▼鏉ヤ繚鎸佽繛鎺ャ€?/p>
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鍗充娇绾跨▼鐨勬暟閲忎笉鏄棶棰橈紝浠嶇劧鏈変竴浜涢棶棰樿繕鏄棤娉曢伩鍏嶇殑銆傚杩欑鎯呭喌锛屾垜浠兂缁欐煇浜涘鎴风鏇撮珮鐨勬湇鍔′紭鍏堢骇锛屽緢闅鹃€氳繃璁捐绾跨▼鐨勪紭鍏堢骇鏉ュ畬鎴愶紝鍙﹀涓€绉嶆儏鍐垫槸锛屾垜浠渶瑕佽姣忎釜瀹㈡埛绔殑璇锋眰鍦ㄦ湇鍔＄鍙兘闇€瑕佽闂竴浜涚珵浜夎祫婧愶紝鐢变簬杩欎簺瀹㈡埛绔槸鍦ㄤ笉鍚岀嚎绋嬩腑锛屽洜姝ら渶瑕佸悓姝ワ紝鑰屽線寰€瑕佸疄鐜拌繖浜涘悓姝ユ搷浣滆杩滆繙姣旂敤鍗曠嚎绋嬪鏉傚緢澶氥€備互涓婅繖浜涙儏鍐甸兘璇存槑锛屾垜浠渶瑕佸彟澶栦竴绉嶆柊鐨?I/O 鎿嶄綔鏂瑰紡銆?br>
NIO 鐨勫伐浣滄満鍒?/strong>
鎴戜滑鍏堢湅涓€涓?NIO 娑夊強鍒扮殑鍏宠仈绫诲浘锛屽涓嬪浘銆?/p>
鍥?9.NIO 鐩稿叧绫诲浘
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涓婂浘涓湁涓や釜鍏抽敭绫伙細Channel 鍜?Selector锛屽畠浠槸 NIO 涓袱涓牳蹇冩蹇点€傛垜浠繕鐢ㄥ墠闈㈢殑鍩庡競浜ら€氬伐鍏锋潵缁х画姣斿柣 NIO 鐨勫伐浣滄柟寮忥紝杩欓噷鐨?Channel 瑕佹瘮 Socket 鏇村姞鍏蜂綋锛屽畠鍙互姣斾綔涓烘煇绉嶅叿浣撶殑浜ら€氬伐鍏凤紝濡傛苯杞︽垨鏄珮閾佺瓑锛岃€?Selector 鍙互姣斾綔涓轰竴涓溅绔欑殑杞﹁締杩愯璋冨害绯荤粺锛屽畠灏嗚礋璐ｇ洃鎺ф瘡杈嗚溅鐨勫綋鍓嶈繍琛岀姸鎬侊細鏄凡缁忓嚭鎴樿繕鏄湪璺笂绛夌瓑锛屼篃灏辨槸瀹冨彲浠ヨ疆璇㈡瘡涓?Channel 鐨勭姸鎬併€傝繖閲岃繕鏈変竴涓?Buffer 绫伙紝瀹冧篃姣?Stream 鏇村姞鍏蜂綋鍖栵紝鎴戜滑鍙互灏嗗畠姣斾綔涓鸿溅涓婄殑搴т綅锛孋hannel 鏄苯杞︾殑璇濆氨鏄苯杞︿笂鐨勫骇浣嶏紝楂橀搧涓婂氨鏄珮閾佷笂鐨勫骇浣嶏紝瀹冨缁堟槸涓€涓叿浣撶殑姒傚康锛屼笌 Stream 涓嶅悓銆係tream 鍙兘浠ｈ〃鏄竴涓骇浣嶏紝鑷充簬鏄粈涔堝骇浣嶇敱浣犺嚜宸卞幓鎯宠薄锛屼篃灏辨槸浣犲湪鍘讳笂杞︿箣鍓嶅苟涓嶇煡閬擄紝杩欎釜杞︿笂鏄惁杩樻湁娌℃湁搴т綅浜嗭紝涔熶笉鐭ラ亾涓婄殑鏄粈涔堣溅锛屽洜涓轰綘骞朵笉鑳介€夋嫨锛岃繖浜涗俊鎭兘宸茬粡琚皝瑁呭湪浜嗚繍杈撳伐鍏凤紙Socket锛夐噷闈簡锛屽浣犳槸閫忔槑鐨勩€?/p>
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NIO 寮曞叆浜?Channel銆丅uffer 鍜?Selector 灏辨槸鎯虫妸杩欎簺淇℃伅鍏蜂綋鍖栵紝璁╃▼搴忓憳鏈夋満浼氭帶鍒跺畠浠紝濡傦細褰撴垜浠皟鐢?write() 寰€ SendQ 鍐欐暟鎹椂锛屽綋涓€娆″啓鐨勬暟鎹秴杩?SendQ 闀垮害鏄渶瑕佹寜鐓?SendQ 鐨勯暱搴﹁繘琛屽垎鍓诧紝杩欎釜杩囩▼涓渶瑕佹湁灏嗙敤鎴风┖闂存暟鎹拰鍐呮牳鍦板潃绌洪棿杩涜鍒囨崲锛岃€岃繖涓垏鎹笉鏄綘鍙互鎺у埗鐨勩€傝€屽湪 Buffer 涓垜浠彲浠ユ帶鍒?Buffer 鐨?capacity锛屽苟涓旀槸鍚︽墿瀹逛互鍙婂浣曟墿瀹归兘鍙互鎺у埗銆?br>
鐞嗚В浜嗚繖浜涙蹇靛悗鎴戜滑鐪嬩竴涓嬶紝瀹為檯涓婂畠浠槸濡備綍宸ヤ綔鐨勶紝涓嬮潰鏄吀鍨嬬殑涓€娈?NIO 浠ｇ爜锛?br>
娓呭崟 2. NIO 宸ヤ綔浠ｇ爜绀轰緥
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public void selector() throws IOException {
ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
Selector selector = Selector.open();
ServerSocketChannel ssc = ServerSocketChannel.open();
ssc.configureBlocking(false);//璁剧疆涓洪潪闃诲鏂瑰紡
ssc.socket().bind(new InetSocketAddress(8080));
ssc.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);//娉ㄥ唽鐩戝惉鐨勪簨浠?
while (true) {
Set selectedKeys = selector.selectedKeys();//鍙栧緱鎵€鏈塳ey闆嗗悎
Iterator it = selectedKeys.iterator();
while (it.hasNext()) {
SelectionKey key = (SelectionKey) it.next();
if ((key.readyOps() & SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT) == SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT) {
ServerSocketChannel ssChannel = (ServerSocketChannel) key.channel();
SocketChannel sc = ssChannel.accept();//鎺ュ彈鍒版湇鍔＄鐨勮姹?
sc.configureBlocking(false);
sc.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
it.remove();
} else if
((key.readyOps() & SelectionKey.OP_READ) == SelectionKey.OP_READ) {
SocketChannel sc = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
while (true) {
buffer.clear();
int n = sc.read(buffer);//璇诲彇鏁版嵁
if (n <= 0) {
break;
}
buffer.flip();
}
it.remove();
}
}
}
}
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璋冪敤 Selector 鐨勯潤鎬佸伐鍘傚垱寤轰竴涓€夋嫨鍣紝鍒涘缓涓€涓湇鍔＄鐨?Channel 缁戝畾鍒颁竴涓?Socket 瀵硅薄锛屽苟鎶婅繖涓€氫俊淇￠亾娉ㄥ唽鍒伴€夋嫨鍣ㄤ笂锛屾妸杩欎釜閫氫俊淇￠亾璁剧疆涓洪潪闃诲妯″紡銆傜劧鍚庡氨鍙互璋冪敤 Selector 鐨?selectedKeys 鏂规硶鏉ユ鏌ュ凡缁忔敞鍐屽湪杩欎釜閫夋嫨鍣ㄤ笂鐨勬墍鏈夐€氫俊淇￠亾鏄惁鏈夐渶瑕佺殑浜嬩欢鍙戠敓锛屽鏋滄湁鏌愪釜浜嬩欢鍙戠敓鏃讹紝灏嗕細杩斿洖鎵€鏈夌殑 SelectionKey锛岄€氳繃杩欎釜瀵硅薄 Channel 鏂规硶灏卞彲浠ュ彇寰楄繖涓€氫俊淇￠亾瀵硅薄浠庤€屽彲浠ヨ鍙栭€氫俊鐨勬暟鎹紝鑰岃繖閲岃鍙栫殑鏁版嵁鏄?Buffer锛岃繖涓?Buffer 鏄垜浠彲浠ユ帶鍒剁殑缂撳啿鍣ㄣ€?br>
鍦ㄤ笂闈㈢殑杩欐绋嬪簭涓紝鏄皢 Server 绔殑鐩戝惉杩炴帴璇锋眰鐨勪簨浠跺拰澶勭悊璇锋眰鐨勪簨浠舵斁鍦ㄤ竴涓嚎绋嬩腑锛屼絾鏄湪瀹為檯搴旂敤涓紝鎴戜滑閫氬父浼氭妸瀹冧滑鏀惧湪涓や釜绾跨▼涓紝涓€涓嚎绋嬩笓闂ㄨ礋璐ｇ洃鍚鎴风鐨勮繛鎺ヨ姹傦紝鑰屼笖鏄樆濉炴柟寮忔墽琛岀殑锛涘彟澶栦竴涓嚎绋嬩笓闂ㄦ潵澶勭悊璇锋眰锛岃繖涓笓闂ㄥ鐞嗚姹傜殑绾跨▼鎵嶄細鐪熸閲囩敤 NIO 鐨勬柟寮忥紝鍍?Web 鏈嶅姟鍣?Tomcat 鍜?Jetty 閮芥槸杩欎釜澶勭悊鏂瑰紡锛屽叧浜?Tomcat 鍜?Jetty 鐨?NIO 澶勭悊鏂瑰紡鍙互鍙傝€冩枃绔犮€?Jetty 鐨勫伐浣滃師鐞嗗拰涓?Tomcat 鐨勬瘮杈冦€嬨€?br>
涓嬪浘鏄弿杩颁簡鍩轰簬 NIO 宸ヤ綔鏂瑰紡鐨?Socket 璇锋眰鐨勫鐞嗚繃绋嬶細
鍥?10. 鍩轰簬 NIO 鐨?Socket 璇锋眰鐨勫鐞嗚繃绋?/p>
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涓婂浘涓殑 Selector 鍙互鍚屾椂鐩戝惉涓€缁勯€氫俊淇￠亾锛圕hannel锛変笂鐨?I/O 鐘舵€侊紝鍓嶆彁鏄繖涓?Selector 瑕佸凡缁忔敞鍐屽埌杩欎簺閫氫俊淇￠亾涓€傞€夋嫨鍣?Selector 鍙互璋冪敤 select() 鏂规硶妫€鏌ュ凡缁忔敞鍐岀殑閫氫俊淇￠亾涓婄殑鏄惁鏈?I/O 宸茬粡鍑嗗濂斤紝濡傛灉娌℃湁鑷冲皯涓€涓俊閬?I/O 鐘舵€佹湁鍙樺寲锛岄偅涔?select 鏂规硶浼氶樆濉炵瓑寰呮垨鍦ㄨ秴鏃舵椂闂村悗浼氳繑鍥?0銆備笂鍥句腑濡傛灉鏈夊涓俊閬撴湁鏁版嵁锛岄偅涔堝皢浼氬皢杩欎簺鏁版嵁鍒嗛厤鍒板搴旂殑鏁版嵁 Buffer 涓€傛墍浠ュ叧閿殑鍦版柟鏄湁涓€涓嚎绋嬫潵澶勭悊鎵€鏈夎繛鎺ョ殑鏁版嵁浜や簰锛屾瘡涓繛鎺ョ殑鏁版嵁浜や簰閮戒笉鏄樆濉炴柟寮忥紝鎵€浠ュ彲浠ュ悓鏃跺鐞嗗ぇ閲忕殑杩炴帴璇锋眰銆?br>
Buffer 鐨勫伐浣滄柟寮?/strong>
涓婇潰浠嬬粛浜?Selector 灏嗘娴嬪埌鏈夐€氫俊淇￠亾 I/O 鏈夋暟鎹紶杈撴椂锛岄€氳繃 selelct() 鍙栧緱 SocketChannel锛屽皢鏁版嵁璇诲彇鎴栧啓鍏?Buffer 缂撳啿鍖恒€備笅闈㈣璁轰竴涓?Buffer 濡備綍鎺ュ彈鍜屽啓鍑烘暟鎹紵
Buffer 鍙互绠€鍗曠殑鐞嗚В涓轰竴缁勫熀鏈暟鎹被鍨嬬殑鍏冪礌鍒楄〃锛屽畠閫氳繃鍑犱釜鍙橀噺鏉ヤ繚瀛樿繖涓暟鎹殑褰撳墠浣嶇疆鐘舵€侊紝涔熷氨鏄湁鍥涗釜绱㈠紩銆傚涓嬭〃鎵€绀猴細
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绱㈠紩聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 璇存槑
capacity 聽聽聽聽聽 缂撳啿鍖烘暟缁勭殑鎬婚暱搴?br>position 聽聽聽聽聽 涓嬩竴涓鎿嶄綔鐨勬暟鎹厓绱犵殑浣嶇疆
limit 聽聽聽 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 缂撳啿鍖烘暟缁勪腑涓嶅彲鎿嶄綔鐨勪笅涓€涓厓绱犵殑浣嶇疆锛宭imit<=capacity
mark 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 鐢ㄤ簬璁板綍褰撳墠 position 鐨勫墠涓€涓綅缃垨鑰呴粯璁ゆ槸 0
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鍦ㄥ疄闄呮搷浣滄暟鎹椂瀹冧滑鏈夊涓嬪叧绯诲浘锛?/p>
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鎴戜滑閫氳繃 ByteBuffer.allocate(11) 鏂规硶鍒涘缓涓€涓?11 涓?byte 鐨勬暟缁勭紦鍐插尯锛屽垵濮嬬姸鎬佸涓婂浘鎵€绀猴紝position 鐨勪綅缃负 0锛宑apacity 鍜?limit 榛樿閮芥槸鏁扮粍闀垮害銆傚綋鎴戜滑鍐欏叆 5 涓瓧鑺傛椂浣嶇疆鍙樺寲濡備笅鍥炬墍绀猴細
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杩欐椂鎴戜滑闇€瑕佸皢缂撳啿鍖虹殑 5 涓瓧鑺傛暟鎹啓鍏?Channel 閫氫俊淇￠亾锛屾墍浠ユ垜浠渶瑕佽皟鐢?byteBuffer.flip() 鏂规硶锛屾暟缁勭殑鐘舵€佸張鍙戠敓濡備笅鍙樺寲锛?/p>
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杩欐椂搴曞眰鎿嶄綔绯荤粺灏卞彲浠ヤ粠缂撳啿鍖轰腑姝ｇ‘璇诲彇杩?5 涓瓧鑺傛暟鎹彂閫佸嚭鍘讳簡銆傚湪涓嬩竴娆″啓鏁版嵁涔嬪墠鎴戜滑鍦ㄨ皟涓€涓?clear() 鏂规硶銆傜紦鍐插尯鐨勭储寮曠姸鎬佸張鍥炲埌鍒濆浣嶇疆銆?br>
杩欓噷杩樿璇存槑涓€涓?mark锛屽綋鎴戜滑璋冪敤 mark() 鏃讹紝瀹冨皢璁板綍褰撳墠 position 鐨勫墠涓€涓綅缃紝褰撴垜浠皟鐢?reset 鏃讹紝position 灏嗘仮澶?mark 璁板綍涓嬫潵鐨勫€笺€?br>
杩樻湁涓€鐐归渶瑕佽鏄庯紝閫氳繃 Channel 鑾峰彇鐨?I/O 鏁版嵁棣栧厛瑕佺粡杩囨搷浣滅郴缁熺殑 Socket 缂撳啿鍖哄啀灏嗘暟鎹鍒跺埌 Buffer 涓紝杩欎釜鐨勬搷浣滅郴缁熺紦鍐插尯灏辨槸搴曞眰鐨?TCP 鍗忚鍏宠仈鐨?RecvQ 鎴栬€?SendQ 闃熷垪锛屼粠鎿嶄綔绯荤粺缂撳啿鍖哄埌鐢ㄦ埛缂撳啿鍖哄鍒舵暟鎹瘮杈冭€楁€ц兘锛孊uffer 鎻愪緵浜嗗彟澶栦竴绉嶇洿鎺ユ搷浣滄搷浣滅郴缁熺紦鍐插尯鐨勭殑鏂瑰紡鍗?ByteBuffer.allocateDirector(size)锛岃繖涓柟娉曡繑鍥炵殑 byteBuffer 灏辨槸涓庡簳灞傚瓨鍌ㄧ┖闂村叧鑱旂殑缂撳啿鍖猴紝瀹冪殑鎿嶄綔鏂瑰紡涓?linux2.4 鍐呮牳鐨?sendfile 鎿嶄綔鏂瑰紡绫讳技銆?/p>
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I/O 璋冧紭
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涓嬮潰灏辩鐩?I/O 鍜岀綉缁?I/O 鐨勪竴浜涘父鐢ㄧ殑浼樺寲鎶€宸ц繘琛屾€荤粨濡備笅锛?/p>
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纾佺洏 I/O 浼樺寲
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鎬ц兘妫€娴?/strong>
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鎴戜滑鐨勫簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忛€氬父閮介渶瑕佽闂鐩樿鍙栨暟鎹紝鑰岀鐩?I/O 閫氬父閮藉緢鑰楁椂锛屾垜浠鍒ゆ柇 I/O 鏄惁鏄竴涓摱棰堬紝鎴戜滑鏈変竴浜涘弬鏁版寚鏍囧彲浠ュ弬鑰冿細
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濡傛垜浠彲浠ュ帇鍔涙祴璇曞簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忕湅绯荤粺鐨?I/O wait 鎸囨爣鏄惁姝ｅ父锛屼緥濡傛祴璇曟満鍣ㄦ湁 4 涓?CPU锛岄偅涔堢悊鎯崇殑 I/O wait 鍙傛暟涓嶅簲璇ヨ秴杩?25%锛屽鏋滆秴杩?25% 鐨勮瘽锛孖/O 寰堝彲鑳芥垚涓哄簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忕殑鎬ц兘鐡堕銆侺inux 鎿嶄綔绯荤粺涓嬪彲浠ラ€氳繃 iostat 鍛戒护鏌ョ湅銆?/p>
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閫氬父鎴戜滑鍦ㄥ垽鏂?I/O 鎬ц兘鏃惰繕浼氱湅鍙﹀涓€涓弬鏁板氨鏄?IOPS锛屾垜浠簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忛渶瑕佹渶浣庣殑 IOPS 鏄灏戯紝鑰屾垜浠殑纾佺洏鐨?IOPS 鑳戒笉鑳借揪鍒版垜浠殑瑕佹眰銆傛瘡涓鐩樼殑 IOPS 閫氬父鏄湪涓€涓寖鍥村唴锛岃繖鍜屽瓨鍌ㄥ湪纾佺洏鐨勬暟鎹潡鐨勫ぇ灏忓拰璁块棶鏂瑰紡涔熸湁鍏炽€備絾鏄富瑕佹槸鐢辩鐩樼殑杞€熷喅瀹氱殑锛岀鐩樼殑杞€熻秺楂樼鐩樼殑 IOPS 涔熻秺楂樸€?/p>
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鐜板湪涓轰簡鎻愰珮纾佺洏 I/O 鐨勬€ц兘锛岄€氬父閲囩敤涓€绉嶅彨 RAID 鐨勬妧鏈紝灏辨槸灏嗕笉鍚岀殑纾佺洏缁勫悎璧锋潵鏉ユ彁楂?I/O 鎬ц兘锛岀洰鍓嶆湁澶氱 RAID 鎶€鏈紝姣忕 RAID 鎶€鏈 I/O 鎬ц兘鎻愬崌浼氭湁涓嶅悓锛屽彲浠ョ敤涓€涓?RAID 鍥犲瓙鏉ヤ唬琛紝纾佺洏鐨勮鍐欏悶鍚愰噺鍙互閫氳繃 iostat 鍛戒护鏉ヨ幏鍙栵紝浜庢槸鎴戜滑鍙互璁＄畻鍑轰竴涓悊璁虹殑 IOPS 鍊硷紝璁＄畻鍏紡濡備笅鎵€浠ワ細
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( 纾佺洏鏁?* 姣忓潡纾佺洏鐨?IOPS)/( 纾佺洏璇荤殑鍚炲悙閲?+RAID 鍥犲瓙 * 纾佺洏鍐欑殑鍚炲悙閲?)=IOPS
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杩欎釜鍏紡鐨勮缁嗕俊鎭鏌ラ槄鍙傝€冭祫鏂?Understanding Disk I/O銆?/p>
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鎻愬崌 I/O 鎬ц兘
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鎻愬崌纾佺洏 I/O 鎬ц兘閫氬父鐨勬柟娉曟湁锛?/p>
- 澧炲姞缂撳瓨锛屽噺灏戠鐩樿闂鏁?/li>
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- 璁捐鍚堢悊鐨勭鐩樺瓨鍌ㄦ暟鎹潡锛屼互鍙婅闂繖浜涙暟鎹潡鐨勭瓥鐣ワ紝杩欓噷鏄湪搴旂敤灞傞潰鑰冭檻鐨勩€傚鎴戜滑鍙互缁欏瓨鏀剧殑鏁版嵁璁捐绱㈠紩锛岄€氳繃瀵诲潃绱㈠紩鏉ュ姞蹇拰鍑忓皯纾佺洏鐨勮闂紝杩樻湁鍙互閲囩敤寮傛鍜岄潪闃诲鐨勬柟寮忓姞蹇鐩樼殑璁块棶鏁堢巼銆?/li>
- 搴旂敤鍚堢悊鐨?RAID 绛栫暐鎻愬崌纾佺洏 IO锛屾瘡绉?RAID 鐨勫尯鍒垜浠彲浠ョ敤涓嬭〃鎵€绀猴細
琛?2.RAID 绛栫暐
RAID 0锛氭暟鎹骞冲潎鍐欏埌澶氫釜纾佺洏闃靛垪涓紝鍐欐暟鎹拰璇绘暟鎹兘鏄苟琛岀殑锛屾墍浠ョ鐩樼殑 IOPS 鍙互鎻愰珮涓€鍊嶃€?br>
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RAID 0+1锛氬鍚嶅瓧涓€鏍凤紝灏辨槸鏍规嵁鏁版嵁鐨勫浠芥儏鍐佃繘琛屽垎缁勶紝涓€浠芥暟鎹悓鏃跺啓鍒板涓浠界鐩樺垎缁勪腑锛屽悓鏃跺涓垎缁勪篃浼氬苟琛岃鍐欍€?/p>
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缃戠粶 I/O 浼樺寲
缃戠粶 I/O 浼樺寲閫氬父鏈変竴浜涘熀鏈鐞嗗師鍒欙細
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鍦ㄨ璁″埌 IO 澶勭悊鏃堕€氬父閮戒細閬囧埌涓€涓槸鍚屾杩樻槸寮傛鐨勫鐞嗘柟寮忕殑閫夋嫨闂銆傚洜涓哄悓姝ヤ笌寮傛鐨?I/O 澶勭悊鏂瑰紡瀵硅皟鐢ㄨ€呯殑褰卞搷寰堝ぇ锛屽湪鏁版嵁搴撲骇鍝佷腑閮戒細閬囧埌杩欎釜闂銆傚洜涓?I/O 鎿嶄綔閫氬父鏄竴涓潪甯歌€楁椂鐨勬搷浣滐紝鍦ㄤ竴涓换鍔″簭鍒椾腑 I/O 閫氬父閮芥槸鎬ц兘鐡堕銆備絾鏄悓姝ヤ笌寮傛鐨勫鐞嗘柟寮忓绋嬪簭鐨勫彲闈犳€у奖鍝嶉潪甯稿ぇ锛屽悓姝ヨ兘澶熶繚璇佺▼搴忕殑鍙潬鎬э紝鑰屽紓姝ュ彲浠ユ彁鍗囩▼搴忕殑鎬ц兘锛屽繀椤诲湪鍙潬鎬у拰鎬ц兘涔嬮棿鍋氫釜骞宠 锛屾病鏈夊畬缇庣殑瑙ｅ喅鍔炴硶銆?br>
闃诲涓庨潪闃诲
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琛?3. 鍥涚缁勫悎鏂瑰紡
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2.鍚屾闈為樆濉烇細鎻愬崌 I/O 鎬ц兘鐨勫父鐢ㄦ墜娈碉紝灏辨槸灏?I/O 鐨勯樆濉炴敼鎴愰潪闃诲鏂瑰紡锛屽挨鍏跺湪缃戠粶 I/O 鏄暱杩炴帴锛屽悓鏃朵紶杈撴暟鎹篃涓嶆槸寰堝鐨勬儏鍐典笅锛屾彁鍗囨€ц兘闈炲父鏈夋晥銆傝繖绉嶆柟寮忛€氬父鑳芥彁鍗?I/O 鎬ц兘锛屼絾鏄細澧炲姞 CPU 娑堣€楋紝瑕佽€冭檻澧炲姞鐨?I/O 鎬ц兘鑳戒笉鑳借ˉ鍋?CPU 鐨勬秷鑰楋紝涔熷氨鏄郴缁熺殑鐡堕鏄湪 I/O 杩樻槸鍦?CPU 涓娿€?/p>
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4.寮傛闈為樆濉烇細杩欑缁勫悎鏂瑰紡鐢ㄨ捣鏉ユ瘮杈冨鏉傦紝鍙湁鍦ㄤ竴浜涢潪甯稿鏉傜殑鍒嗗竷寮忔儏鍐典笅浣跨敤锛屽儚闆嗙兢涔嬮棿鐨勬秷鎭悓姝ユ満鍒朵竴鑸敤杩欑 I/O 缁勫悎鏂瑰紡銆傚 Cassandra 鐨?Gossip 閫氫俊鏈哄埗灏辨槸閲囩敤寮傛闈為樆濉炵殑鏂瑰紡銆?/p>
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瀹冮€傚悎鍚屾椂瑕佷紶澶氫唤鐩稿悓鐨勬暟鎹埌闆嗙兢涓笉鍚岀殑鏈哄櫒锛屽悓鏃舵暟鎹殑浼犺緭閲忚櫧鐒朵笉澶э紝浣嗘槸鍗撮潪甯搁绻併€傝繖绉嶇綉缁?I/O 鐢ㄨ繖涓柟寮忔€ц兘鑳借揪鍒版渶楂樸€?
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涓嬮潰涓句竴浜涘紓姝ュ拰闃诲鐨勬搷浣滃疄渚嬶細
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娓呭崟 3.寮傛鏌ヨ鍚屾缁撴灉
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class AsyncResult implements IAsyncResult{
private byte[] result_;
private AtomicBoolean done_ = new AtomicBoolean(false);
private Lock lock_ = new ReentrantLock();
private Condition condition_;
private long startTime_;
public AsyncResult(){
condition_ = lock_.newCondition();// 鍒涘缓涓€涓攣
startTime_ = System.currentTimeMillis();
}
/*** 妫€鏌ラ渶瑕佺殑鏁版嵁鏄惁宸茬粡杩斿洖锛屽鏋滄病鏈夎繑鍥為樆濉?*/
public byte[] get(){
lock_.lock();
try{
if (!done_.get()){condition_.await();}
}catch (InterruptedException ex){
throw new AssertionError(ex);
}finally{lock_.unlock();}
return result_;
}
/*** 妫€鏌ラ渶瑕佺殑鏁版嵁鏄惁宸茬粡杩斿洖 */
public boolean isDone(){return done_.get();}
/*** 妫€鏌ュ湪鎸囧畾鐨勬椂闂村唴闇€瑕佺殑鏁版嵁鏄惁宸茬粡杩斿洖锛屽鏋滄病鏈夎繑鍥炴姏鍑鸿秴鏃跺紓甯?*/
public byte[] get(long timeout, TimeUnit tu) throws TimeoutException{
lock_.lock();
try{ boolean bVal = true;
try{
if ( !done_.get() ){
long overall_timeout = timeout - (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime_);
if(overall_timeout > 0)// 璁剧疆绛夊緟瓒呮椂鐨勬椂闂?
bVal = condition_.await(overall_timeout, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
else bVal = false;
}
}catch (InterruptedException ex){
throw new AssertionError(ex);
}
if ( !bVal && !done_.get() ){// 鎶涘嚭瓒呮椂寮傚父
throw new TimeoutException("Operation timed out.");
}
}finally{lock_.unlock(); }
return result_;
}
/*** 璇ュ嚱鏁版嫳鍙﹀涓€涓嚎绋嬭缃杩斿洖鐨勬暟鎹紝骞跺敜閱掑湪闃诲鐨勭嚎绋?*/
public void result(Message response){
try{
lock_.lock();
if ( !done_.get() ){
result_ = response.getMessageBody();// 璁剧疆杩斿洖鐨勬暟鎹?
done_.set(true);
condition_.signal();// 鍞ら啋闃诲鐨勭嚎绋?
}
}finally{lock_.unlock();}
}
}
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鎬荤粨
鏈枃闃愯堪鐨勫唴瀹硅緝澶氾紝浠?Java 鍩烘湰 I/O 绫诲簱缁撴瀯寮€濮嬭璧凤紝涓昏浠嬬粛浜嗙鐩?I/O 鍜岀綉缁?I/O 鐨勫熀鏈伐浣滄柟寮忥紝鏈€鍚庝粙缁嶄簡鍏充簬 I/O 璋冧紭鐨勪竴浜涙柟娉曘€?br>
鍙傝€冭祫鏂?br>
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