object c++怎么实现反射机制
object c++如何实现反射机制
开发语言的反射机制为我们提供了发挥想象力的基础,通过反射可以设计出各种5花8门的架构来。
参考网上各种资料,Object c++的反射主要依靠下面的2个函数。
NSClassFromString
NSSelectorFromString
下面直接摆上例子,一目了然。
(一)通过一个字符串来创建对象并调用对象中的方法。
文件:Member.h
// Member.h #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> @interface Member : NSObject { NSString *name; int age; } @property (nonatomic,copy) NSString *name; @property int age; @end
文件Member.m
// Member.m #import "Member.h" @implementation Member @synthesize name,age; @end
测试代码文件Sample01.m:
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h> int main (int argc, const char * argv[]) { NSAutoreleasePool * pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init]; //定义类名 NSString *className=@"Member"; //定义方法名 //注意:方法名后面要根据参数来设置,这里的setName:,表示setName // 方法后面有1个参数 NSString *methodName=@"setName:"; //取得类并分配内存和初始化 id obj=[[NSClassFromString(className) alloc] init]; //调用类方法 [obj performSelector: NSSelectorFromString(methodName) withObject:@"Tom and Jerry."]; //显示 NSLog(@"%@",[obj name]); [pool drain]; return 0; }
代码执行后,显示如下:
2012-03-16 17:41:31.962 Sample01[39762:1307] Tom and Jerry.
由上面例子发现:
(1)在反射时,不需要使用import引入要反射的类;
(2)在定义反射类方法名时要注意后面的冒号,必须根据参数数量和原类方法名设置。
(二)通过字符串获取类的全部属性。
对上面的例子进行调整,如下面代码:(注意:在头部要引入头文件 objc/runtime.h)
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h> #import <objc/runtime.h> int main (int argc, const char * argv[]) { NSAutoreleasePool * pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init]; //定义类名 NSString *className=@"Member"; //定义方法名 //注意:方法名后面要根据参数来设置,这里的setName:,表示setName // 方法后面有1个参数 NSString *methodName=@"setName:"; //取得类并分配内存和初始化 id obj=[[NSClassFromString(className) alloc] init]; //调用类方法 [obj performSelector: NSSelectorFromString(methodName) withObject:@"Tom and Jerry."]; //显示 NSLog(@"%@",[obj name]); //定义类属性的数量 unsigned propertyCount; //获取对象的全部属性并循环显示属性名称和属性特性参数 objc_property_t *properties = class_copyPropertyList([obj class],&propertyCount); for(int i=0;i<propertyCount;i++){ objc_property_t prop=properties[i]; NSLog(@"property:%s",property_getName(prop)); NSLog(@"property_getAttributes:%s",property_getAttributes(prop)); } [pool drain]; return 0; }
代码执行后,显示结果如下:
2012-03-19 16:40:04.345 Sample01[41713:1307] Tom and Jerry.
2012-03-19 16:40:04.350 Sample01[41713:1307] property:age
2012-03-19 16:40:04.352 Sample01[41713:1307] property_getAttributes:Ti,Vage
2012-03-19 16:40:04.354 Sample01[41713:1307] property:name
2012-03-19 16:40:04.355 Sample01[41713:1307] property_getAttributes:T@"NSString",C,N,Vname
关于属性的特性参数可以参考官方文档说明:
You can use the The string starts with a Code Meaning The property is read-only ( The property is a copy of the value last assigned ( The property is a reference to the value last assigned ( The property is non-atomic ( The property defines a custom getter selector name. The name follows the The property defines a custom setter selector name. The name follows the The property is dynamic ( The property is a weak reference ( The property is eligible for garbage collection. Specifies the type using old-style encoding.Property Type String
property_getAttributes
function to discover the name, the @encode
type string of a property, and other attributes of the property.T
followed by the @encode
type and a comma, and finishes with a V
followed by the name of the backing instance variable. Between these, the attributes are specified by the following descriptors, separated by commas:
Table 7-1 Declared property type encodings
R
readonly
).
C
copy
).
&
retain
).
N
nonatomic
).
G<name>
G
(for example, GcustomGetter,
).
S<name>
S
(for example, ScustomSetter:,
).
D
@dynamic
).
W
__weak
).
P
t<encoding>