使用 R 和 ggplot2 绘制金字塔图

问题描述：

我需要画一个金字塔图，就像所附的那样.

I need to draw a pyramid plot, like the one attached.

我从这里，谁能给我一些关于使用 ggplot 执行此操作的提示?谢谢！

I found an example using R (but not ggplot) from here, can anyone give me some hint on doing this using ggplot? Thanks!

答

这本质上是一个背靠背的条形图，类似于优秀学习者博客中使用 ggplot2 生成的那些:http://learnr.wordpress.com/2009/09/24/ggplot2-背靠背条形图/

This is essentially a back-to-back barplot, something like the ones generated using ggplot2 in the excellent learnr blog: http://learnr.wordpress.com/2009/09/24/ggplot2-back-to-back-bar-charts/

您可以将 coord_flip 与其中一个图一起使用，但我不确定如何让它像上面那样在两个图之间共享 y 轴标签.下面的代码应该让你足够接近原始代码:

You can use coord_flip with one of those plots, but I'm not sure how you get it to share the y-axis labels between the two plots like what you have above. The code below should get you close enough to the original:

首先创建数据的示例数据框，将 Age 列转换为具有所需断点的因子:

First create a sample data frame of data, convert the Age column to a factor with the required break-points:

require(ggplot2)
df <- data.frame(Type = sample(c('Male', 'Female', 'Female'), 1000, replace=TRUE),
                 Age = sample(18:60, 1000, replace=TRUE))

AgesFactor <- ordered( cut(df$Age, breaks = c(18,seq(20,60,5)), 
                           include.lowest = TRUE))

df$Age <- AgesFactor

现在开始构建图:使用相应的数据子集创建男性和女性图，抑制图例等.

Now start building the plot: create the male and female plots with the corresponding subset of the data, suppressing legends, etc.

gg <- ggplot(data = df, aes(x=Age))

gg.male <- gg + 
  geom_bar( subset = .(Type == 'Male'), 
            aes( y = ..count../sum(..count..), fill = Age)) +
  scale_y_continuous('', formatter = 'percent') + 
  opts(legend.position = 'none') +
  opts(axis.text.y = theme_blank(), axis.title.y = theme_blank()) + 
  opts(title = 'Male', plot.title = theme_text( size = 10) ) +  
  coord_flip()

对于女性情节，使用 trans = "reverse"...

For the female plot, reverse the 'Percent' axis using trans = "reverse"...

gg.female <- gg + 
  geom_bar( subset = .(Type == 'Female'), 
            aes( y = ..count../sum(..count..), fill = Age)) +
  scale_y_continuous('', formatter = 'percent', trans = 'reverse') + 
  opts(legend.position = 'none') +
  opts(axis.text.y = theme_blank(), 
       axis.title.y = theme_blank(), 
       title = 'Female') +
  opts( plot.title = theme_text( size = 10) ) +
  coord_flip()

现在创建一个绘图只是为了使用 geom_text 显示年龄括号，但也使用一个虚拟的 geom_bar 来确保年龄"轴的缩放比例情节与男性和女性情节中的相同:

Now create a plot just to display the age-brackets using geom_text, but also use a dummy geom_bar to ensure that the scaling of the "age" axis in this plot is identical to those in the male and female plots:

gg.ages <- gg + 
  geom_bar( subset = .(Type == 'Male'), aes( y = 0, fill = alpha('white',0))) +
  geom_text( aes( y = 0,  label = as.character(Age)), size = 3) +
  coord_flip() +
  opts(title = 'Ages',
       legend.position = 'none' ,
       axis.text.y = theme_blank(),
       axis.title.y = theme_blank(),
       axis.text.x = theme_blank(),
       axis.ticks = theme_blank(),          
       plot.title = theme_text( size = 10))

最后，使用 Hadley Wickham 书中的方法在网格上排列图:

Finally, arrange the plots on a grid, using the method in Hadley Wickham's book:

grid.newpage()

pushViewport( viewport( layout = grid.layout(1,3, widths = c(.4,.2,.4))))

vplayout <- function(x, y) viewport(layout.pos.row = x, layout.pos.col = y)

print(gg.female, vp = vplayout(1,1))
print(gg.ages,   vp = vplayout(1,2))
print(gg.male,   vp = vplayout(1,3))

使用 R 和 ggplot2 绘制金字塔图

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