TQ210裸机编程(八)——PWM
事实上,要使TQ210板子上的蜂鸣器发声是非常容易的,因为天嵌给TQ210的蜂鸣器为有源蜂鸣器,只要给蜂鸣器供电,蜂鸣器就会发出固定频率的声音。
TQ210板子上的蜂鸣器接在TOUT1引脚,只要给它高电平,蜂鸣器就会发声。
如下代码:
/* 配置GPD0[1]为输出 */ GPD0CON &= ~(0xF << 4); GPD0CON |= 1 << 4; /* GPD0[1]输出高电平即可使蜂鸣器发声 */ GPD0DAT |= 1 << 1;
S5PV210包含5个32位的脉宽调制定时器。这些定时器都可产生中断。每个定时器可选择输入时钟为PCLK或SCLK_PWM。
定时器的操作比较简单,下面列出操作步骤:
1、设置TCFG0寄存器:配置定时器的一级分频值
1、设置TCFG1寄存器:配置定时器的二级分频值
3、设置TCNTBn寄存器:递减计数器缓冲寄存器
3、设置TCMPBn寄存器:比较缓冲寄存器
4、设置TCON寄存器:
(1)手动更新on(执行后,CPU会把TCNTBn的值加载到递减计数器中)
(2)手动更新off、自动重载、启动定时器
当递减计数器的值减到和TCMPBn的值相等时,则翻转输出引脚极性;
当递减计数器的值减到0时,如果则产生中断,如果使能了自动重载则重载TCNTBn的值到递减计数器,开始重新计数
频率计算:
我之前的时钟配置为PCLK_PSYS=66MHz,这里就由它为定时器提供时钟源。
Timer Input Clock Frequency = PCLK / ( {prescaler value + 1} ) / {divider value}
我的配置为:prescaler value = 65
divider value = 8
Timer Input Clock Frequency = 66MHz / (65 + 1) / 8 = 125000
假设输出频率为n,则
TCNTB1 = 1125000 / n
比如输出1Hz,占空比为50%
则
TCNTB1 = 125000 / 1;
TCMPB1 = TCNTB1 / 2;
具体代码如下:
start.S
.global _start /* 声明一个全局的标号 */ _start: bl clock_init bl main /* 跳转到C函数去执行 */ halt: b halt
clock.c
#define APLLCON0 *((volatile unsigned int *)0xE0100100) #define MPLLCON *((volatile unsigned int *)0xE0100108) #define EPLLCON0 *((volatile unsigned int *)0xE0100110) #define VPLLCON *((volatile unsigned int *)0xE0100120) #define CLK_SRC0 *((volatile unsigned int *)0xE0100200) #define CLK_DIV0 *((volatile unsigned int *)0xE0100300) #define CLK_DIV1 *((volatile unsigned int *)0xE0100304) #define CLK_DIV2 *((volatile unsigned int *)0xE0100308) #define CLK_DIV3 *((volatile unsigned int *)0xE010030C) void clock_init() { /* 1、设置PLL_LOCK寄存器(这里使用默认值) */ /* 2、设置PLL_CON寄存器(使用芯片手册推荐的值) */ APLLCON0 = (1 << 0) | (3 << 8) | (125 << 16) | (1 << 31); /* FOUTAPLL = 1000MHz */ MPLLCON = (1 << 0) | (12 << 8) | (667 << 16) | (1 << 31); /* FOUTMPLL = 667MHz */ EPLLCON0 = (1 << 0) | (12 << 8) | (667 << 16) | (1 << 31); /* FOUTEPLL = 96MHz */ VPLLCON = (3 << 0) | (6 << 8) | (108 << 16) | (1 << 31); /* FOUTVPLL = 54MHz */ /* 3、选择PLL为时钟输出 */ /* MOUT_MSYS = SCLKAPLL = 1000MHz ** MOUT_DSYS = SCLKMPLL = 667MHz ** MOUT_PSYS = SCLKMPLL = 667MHz */ CLK_SRC0 = (1 << 0) | (1 << 4) | (1 << 8) | (1 << 12); /* 4、设置系统时钟分频值 */ /* freq(ARMCLK) = MOUT_MSYS / (APLL_RATIO + 1) = 1000MHz / (0 + 1) = 1000MHz ** freq(HCLK_MSYS) = ARMCLK / (HCLK_MSYS_RATIO + 1) = 1000MHz / (4 + 1) = 200MHz ** freq(PCLK_MSYS) = HCLK_MSYS / (PCLK_MSYS_RATIO + 1) = 200MHz / (1 + 1) = 100MHz ** freq(HCLK_DSYS) = MOUT_DSYS / (HCLK_DSYS_RATIO + 1) = 667 / (3 + 1) = 166MHz ** freq(PCLK_DSYS) = HCLK_DSYS / (PCLK_DSYS_RATIO + 1) = 166 / (1 + 1) = 83MHz ** freq(HCLK_PSYS) = MOUT_PSYS / (HCLK_PSYS_RATIO + 1) = 667 / (4 + 1) = 133MHz ** freq(PCLK_PSYS) = HCLK_PSYS / (PCLK_PSYS_RATIO + 1) = 133 / (1 + 1) = 66MHz */ CLK_DIV0 = (0 << 0) | (4 << 8) | (1 << 12) | (3 << 16) | (1 << 20) | (4 << 24) | (1 << 28); }
main.c
#define GPD0CON *((volatile unsigned int *)0xE02000A0) #define GPD0DAT *((volatile unsigned int *)0xE02000A4) #define TCFG0 *((volatile unsigned int *)0xE2500000) #define TCFG1 *((volatile unsigned int *)0xE2500004) #define TCON *((volatile unsigned int *)0xE2500008) #define TCNTB1 *((volatile unsigned int *)0xE2500018) #define TCMPB1 *((volatile unsigned int *)0xE250001C) #define TCNTO1 *((volatile unsigned int *)0xE2500020) int main() { #if 0 /* 配置GPD0[1]为输出 */ GPD0CON &= ~(0xF << 4); GPD0CON |= 1 << 4; /* GPD0[1]输出高电平即可使蜂鸣器发声 */ GPD0DAT |= 1 << 1; #endif /* 配置GPD0[1]为定时器1输出:TOUT1 */ GPD0CON &= ~(0xF << 4); GPD0CON |= 2 << 4; /* ** 配置定时器输入频率 ** Timer Input Clock Frequency = PCLK / ( {prescaler value + 1} ) / {divider value} ** = 66MHz / (65 + 1) / 8 = 125000 ** 假设输出频率为n,则 ** TCNTB1 = 1125000 / n */ TCFG0 = 65; TCFG1 = 3 << 4; /* 产生1Hz,占空比为50%的输出频率 */ TCNTB1 = 125000 / 1; TCMPB1 = TCNTB1 / 2; TCON = (1 << 9); /* 手动更新on */ TCON = (1 << 8) | (1 << 11); /* 启动定时器/手动更新off/自动重载 */ while (1); return 0; }
Makefile
beeper.bin: start.o clock.o main.o arm-linux-ld -Ttext 0xD0020010 -o key.elf $^ arm-linux-objcopy -O binary key.elf $@ arm-linux-objdump -D key.elf > key.dis %.o : %.c arm-linux-gcc -c $< -o $@ %.o : %.S arm-linux-gcc -c $< -o $@ clean: rm *.o *.elf *.bin *.dis
TQ210裸机编程(5)——系统时钟配置
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