[转]nginx下的url rewrite

[转]nginx下的url rewrite

转:http://zhengdl126.iteye.com/blog/698206

if (!-e $request_filename)
{
rewrite "^/index.html"    /index.php last;
rewrite "^/category$"      /index.php last;
 
rewrite "^/feed-c([0-9]+).xml$"       /feed.php?cat=$1 last;
rewrite "^/feed-b([0-9]+).xml$"       /feed.php?brand=$1 last;
rewrite "^/feed.xml$"                 /feed.php last;
 
rewrite "^/category-([0-9]+)-b([0-9]+)-min([0-9]+)-max([0-9]+)-attr([^-]*)-([0-9]+)-(.+)-([a-zA-Z]+)(.*).html$"  /category.php?id=$1&brand=$2&price_min=$3&price_max=$4&filter_attr=$5&page=$6&sort=$7&order=$8 last;
rewrite "^/category-([0-9]+)-b([0-9]+)-min([0-9]+)-max([0-9]+)-attr([^-]*)(.*).html$" /category.php?id=$1&brand=$2&price_min=$3&price_max=$4&filter_attr=$5 last;
rewrite "^/category-([0-9]+)-b([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-(.+)-([a-zA-Z]+)(.*).html$" /category.php?id=$1&brand=$2&page=$3&sort=$4&order=$5 last;
rewrite "^/category-([0-9]+)-b([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)(.*).html$" /category.php?id=$1&brand=$2&page=$3  last;
rewrite "^/category-([0-9]+)-b([0-9]+)(.*).html$" /category.php?id=$1&brand=$2  last;
rewrite "^/category-([0-9]+)(.*).html$"    /category.php?id=$1  last;
 
rewrite "^/goods-([0-9]+)(.*).html"  /goods.php?id=$1 last;
 
rewrite "^/article_cat-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-(.+)-([a-zA-Z]+)(.*).html$"  /article_cat.php?id=$1&page=$2&sort=$3&order=$4  last;
rewrite "^/article_cat-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)(.*).html$"                   /article_cat.php?id=$1&page=$2  last;
rewrite "^/article_cat-([0-9]+)(.*).html$"                            /article_cat.php?id=$1   last;
 
rewrite "^/article-([0-9]+)(.*).html$"                         /article.php?id=$1  last;
 
rewrite "^/brand-([0-9]+)-c([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-(.+)-([a-zA-Z]+).html"   /brand.php?id=$1&cat=$2&page=$3&sort=$4&order=$5 last;
rewrite "^/brand-([0-9]+)-c([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)(.*).html"                /brand.php?id=$1&cat=$2&page=$3 last;
rewrite "^/brand-([0-9]+)-c([0-9]+)(.*).html"                         /brand.php?id=$1&cat=$2 last;
rewrite "^/brand-([0-9]+)(.*).html"                                   /brand.php?id=$1 last;
 
rewrite "^/tag-(.*).html"                                             /search.php?keywords=$1 last;
rewrite "^/snatch-([0-9]+).html$"                                     /snatch.php?id=$1 last;
rewrite "^/group_buy-([0-9]+).html$"                                  /group_buy.php?act=view&id=$1 last;
rewrite "^/auction-([0-9]+).html$"                                    /auction.php?act=view&id=$1 last;
 
rewrite "^/exchange-id([0-9]+)(.*).html$"                             /exchange.php?id=$1&act=view last;
rewrite "^/exchange-([0-9]+)-min([0-9]+)-max([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-(.+)-([a-zA-Z]+)(.*).html$" /exchange.php?cat_id=$1&integral_min=$2&integral_max=$3&page=$4&sort=$5&order=$6 last;
rewrite ^/exchange-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-(.+)-([a-zA-Z]+)(.*).html$"   /exchange.php?cat_id=$1&page=$2&sort=$3&order=$4 last;
rewrite "^/exchange-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)(.*).html$"                   /exchange.php?cat_id=$1&page=$2 last;
rewrite "^/exchange-([0-9]+)(.*).html$"                            /exchange.php?cat_id=$1 last;
}









-----------------------





Nginx实例代码:
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.ccvita.com ccvita.com;

location / {
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /www/www.ccvita.com;
rewrite ^(.*)/archiver/((fid|tid)-[w-]+.html)$ $1/archiver/index.php?$2 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/forum-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+).html$ $1/forumdisplay.php?fid=$2&page=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+).html$ $1/viewthread.php?tid=$2&extra=page%3D$4&page=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/profile-(username|uid)-(.+).html$ $1/viewpro.php?$2=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/space-(username|uid)-(.+).html$ $1/space.php?$2=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/tag-(.+).html$ $1/tag.php?name=$2 last;

}

location ~ .php$ {
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:8694;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /www/www.ccvita.com$fastcgi_script_name;
}

location /www.ccvita.com-status {
stub_status on;
access_log off;
}
}


经过网上查阅和测试,发现Nginx的Rewrite规则和Apache的Rewite规则差别不是很大,几乎可以直接使用。比如在Apache中这样写规则
rewrite ^/([0-9]{5}).html$ /viewthread.php?tid=$1 last;
而在Nginx中写成这样写是无法启动的,解决的办法是加上两个双引号:
rewrite “^/([0-9]{5}).html$” /viewthread.php?tid=$1 last;
同时将RewriteRule为Rewrite,基本就实现了Nginx的Rewrite规则到Apache的Rewite规则的转换。





--------------nginx虚拟主机配置实例
1、在/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf文件末尾加入虚拟主机配置,实例如下:

server
{
listen 80;
server_name http://www.hebaodans.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /wwwroot/www.hebaodans.com;

location ~ .*.(php|php5)?$
{
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}

#include rewite rule file or you can directly write here
include rewrite.conf;

log_format hebaodanscom ‘$remote_addr – $remote_user [$time_local] “$request” ‘
‘$status $body_bytes_sent “$http_referer” ‘
‘”$http_user_agent” $http_x_forwarded_for’;
access_log /logs/hebaodanscom.log hebaodanscom;
}





2、 vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/rewrite.conf 输入以下规则:

location / {


if (!-e $request_filename)
{

#————START —————WORLDPRESS————
rewrite ^ /index.php last;

#————END —————WORLDPRESS————




#————————zen-cart start——————

# From Ultimate SEO URLs
rewrite "^(.*)-p-(.*).html" /index.php?main_page=product_info&products_id=$2&% last;
rewrite "^(.*)-c-(.*).html" /index.php?main_page=index&cPath=$2&% last;
rewrite "^(.*)-m-([0-9]+).html" /index.php?main_page=index&manufacturers_id=$2&% last;
rewrite "^(.*)-pi-([0-9]+).html" /index.php?main_page=popup_image&pID=$2&% last;
rewrite "^(.*)-pr-([0-9]+).html" /index.php?main_page=product_reviews&products_id=$2&% last;
rewrite "^(.*)-pri-([0-9]+).html" /index.php?main_page=product_reviews_info&products_id=$2&% last;

# For Open Operations Info Manager
rewrite "^(.*)-i-([0-9]+).html" /index.php?main_page=info_manager&pages_id=$2&% last;

# For dreamscape’s News & Articles Manager
rewrite "^news/?" /index.php?main_page=news&% last;
rewrite "^news/rss.xml" /index.php?main_page=news_rss&% last;
rewrite "^news/archive/?" /index.php?main_page=news_archive&% last;
rewrite "^news/([0-9]{4})-([0-9]{2})-([0-9]{2}).html" /index.php?main_page=news&date=$1-$2-$3&% last;
rewrite "^news/archive/([0-9]{4})-([0-9]{2}).html" /index.php?main_page=news_archive&date=$1-$2&% last;
rewrite "^news/(.*)-a-([0-9]+)-comments.html" /index.php?main_page=news_comments&article_id=$2&% last;
rewrite "^news/(.*)-a-([0-9]+).html" /index.php?main_page=news_article&article_id=$2&% last;

# All other pages
# Don’t rewrite real files or directories
#RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f [NC]
#RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
rewrite "^(.*).html" /index.php?main_page=$1&% last;
#—————————-zen-cart end—————–

}
}


保存后,运行 kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid` 平滑重启即可生效。

nginx的rewrite格式是:rewrite regex replacement flag

作用域:server,location,if

其中regex是一个正则表达式,用来匹配当前的url的

replacement 是被替换的url,如果请求url匹配regex,则nginx会将此次请求发送到replacement上
其中flag标记有四种格式:
last 停止处理后续rewrite指令集,然后对当前重写的新URI在rewrite指令集上重新查找。
break 停止处理后续rewrite指令集,并不在重新查找。
redirect 如果replacement不是以http:// 或https://开始,返回302临时重定向
permant 返回301永久重定向

示例:

rewrite ^/([a-z]+)/([a-z]+)$ /index.php?r=$1/$2 last;

这条规则其实是将所有http://host/index.php?r=xxx/yyy这样的url都重写成http://host/xxx/yyy

如果正则表达regex式中包含 “}” 或 “;”, 那么整个表达式需要用双引号或单引号包围

补充:

nginx中的一些全局变量

$args #这个变量等于请求行中的参数。
$content_length #请求头中的Content-length字段。
$content_type #请求头中的Content-Type字段。
$document_root #当前请求在root指令中指定的值。
$host #请求主机头字段,否则为服务器名称。
$http_user_agent #客户端agent信息
$http_cookie #客户端cookie信息
$limit_rate #这个变量可以限制连接速率。
$request_body_file #客户端请求主体信息的临时文件名。
$request_method #客户端请求的动作,通常为GET或POST。
$remote_addr #客户端的IP地址。
$remote_port #客户端的端口。
$remote_user #已经经过Auth Basic Module验证的用户名。
$request_filename #当前请求的文件路径,由root或alias指令与URI请求生成。
$query_string #与$args相同。
$scheme #HTTP方法(如http,https)。
$server_protocol #请求使用的协议,通常是HTTP/1.0或HTTP/1.1。
$server_addr #服务器地址,在完成一次系统调用后可以确定这个值。
$server_name #服务器名称。
$server_port #请求到达服务器的端口号。
$request_uri #包含请求参数的原始URI,不包含主机名,如:”/foo/bar.php?arg=baz”。
$uri #不带请求参数的当前URI,$uri不包含主机名,如”/foo/bar.html”。
$document_uri #与$uri相同

rewrite中的if指令:

if(condition){...}
作用域:server,location
if条件(conditon)可以是如下任何内容:

一个变量名;false如果这个变量是空字符串或者以0开始的字符串;

使用= ,!= 比较的一个变量和字符串

是用~, ~*与正则表达式匹配的变量,如果这个正则表达式中包含},;则整个表达式需要用" 或' 包围

使用-f ,!-f 检查一个文件是否存在

使用-d, !-d 检查一个目录是否存在

使用-e ,!-e 检查一个文件、目录、符号链接是否存在

使用-x , !-x 检查一个文件是否可执行

if (!-f $request_filename){#当请求文件不存在时跳转到index.php
   rewrite (.*) /index.php;
}

rewrite_log指令
语法:rewrite_log on|off;
默认值:rewrite_log off;
作用域:http,server,location,if
开启或关闭以notice级别打印rewrite处理日志到error log文件。

set指令
语法:set variable value;
默认值:none
作用域:server,location,if
定义一个变量并赋值,值可以是文本,变量或者文本变量混合体。

uninitialized_variable_warn指令
语法:uninitialized_variable_warn on | off;
默认值:uninitialized_variable_warn on
作用域:http,server,location,if

控制是否输出为初始化的变量到日志

在写规则是还要注意规则的使用范围,在nginx配置文件中


        location / {
                root   /home/data/www;
                index  index.php index.html index.htm;
                rewrite ^/([a-z]+)/([a-z]+)$ /index.php?r=$1/$2 last;
        }
        location /doc {#url包含doc
                root   /usr/share;
                autoindex on;
        }
        #error_page  404  /404.html;
        location ~ .php$ {#所有以php结尾的请求

        }