React-Native系列Android——Touch事件原理及状态效果

Native原生相比于HybridH5最大长处是具有流畅和复杂的交互效果,触摸事件便是当中重要一项,包括点击(Click)、长按(LongClick)、手势(gesture)等。

以最简单常见的点击(Click)为例,Native组件能够自己定义selector。使得被点击的组件具有动态效果,Android 5.0以上甚至能够有涟漪效果(Material Design)。而这些在HybridH5中非常难实现。非常多时候区分它们与原生最简单的方法就是检验点击交互效果。

React-Native的强大之处在于实现了较为全面的Touch事件机制,尽管仍略有缺陷,但相比于HybridH5的体验而言,已经足足提高了一大截。下面分析解说一下事实上现原理,和详细使用方式。


1、Touch事件机制

假设阅读过React-Native源代码的话。应该了解React-Native页面的UI根视图是ReactRootView,包路径是:com.facebook.react.ReactRootView,它是FramLayout的一个子类。

首先,来看一下ReactActivity这个页面基类。ReactRootView是怎样作为React-Native的根视图被初始化及加入的。

public abstract class ReactActivity extends Activity implements DefaultHardwareBackBtnHandler {

...

  protected ReactRootView createRootView() {
    return new ReactRootView(this);
  }

  @Override
  protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

    if (getUseDeveloperSupport() && Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) {
      // Get permission to show redbox in dev builds.
      if (!Settings.canDrawOverlays(this)) {
        Intent serviceIntent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_MANAGE_OVERLAY_PERMISSION);
        startActivity(serviceIntent);
        FLog.w(ReactConstants.TAG, REDBOX_PERMISSION_MESSAGE);
        Toast.makeText(this, REDBOX_PERMISSION_MESSAGE, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
      }
    }

    mReactInstanceManager = createReactInstanceManager();
    ReactRootView mReactRootView = createRootView();
    mReactRootView.startReactApplication(mReactInstanceManager, getMainComponentName(), getLaunchOptions());
    setContentView(mReactRootView);
  }

...

}

ReactActivityonCreate这个生命周期里,直接实列化,然后作为当前WindowContentView,也就能够觉得其是全部React-Native组件的根视图。

熟悉Android触摸事件机制的,应该知道视图树中。触摸事件是逐级传递的。每一个视图(View)中有两个接收和处理Touch事件的方法。各自是onInterceptTouchEventonTouchEvent,这两个方法的差别为:

onInterceptTouchEvent的传递层级是由父视图向子视图,顾名思义,通经常使用作事件拦截。


onTouchEvent的传递层级是由子视图向父视图,通经常使用作事件处理。

我们来看一下ReactRootView的事件接收和处理。

public class ReactRootView extends SizeMonitoringFrameLayout implements RootView {
   ...

     @Override
  public boolean onInterceptTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
    handleTouchEvent(ev);
    return super.onInterceptTouchEvent(ev);
  }

  @Override
  public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
    handleTouchEvent(ev);
    super.onTouchEvent(ev);
    // In case when there is no children interested in handling touch event, we return true from
    // the root view in order to receive subsequent events related to that gesture
    return true;
  }

   ...
}

非常明显,这里onInterceptTouchEventonTouchEvent的处理都是全部交给handleTouchEvent方法统一处理的。

我们再继续看一下handleTouchEvent方法。

public class ReactRootView extends SizeMonitoringFrameLayout implements RootView {
   ...

    /**
   * Main catalyst view is responsible for collecting and sending touch events to JS. This method
   * reacts for an incoming android native touch events ({@link MotionEvent}) and calls into
   * {@link com.facebook.react.uimanager.events.EventDispatcher} when appropriate.
   * It uses {@link com.facebook.react.uimanager.TouchTargetManagerHelper#findTouchTargetView}
   * helper method for figuring out a react view ID in the case of ACTION_DOWN
   * event (when the gesture starts).
   */
  private void handleTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {

   ...

   int action = ev.getAction() & MotionEvent.ACTION_MASK;
    ReactContext reactContext = mReactInstanceManager.getCurrentReactContext();
    EventDispatcher eventDispatcher = reactContext.getNativeModule(UIManagerModule.class)
        .getEventDispatcher();
    if (action == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {

    ...

    mTargetTag = TouchTargetHelper.findTargetTagAndCoordinatesForTouch(
          ev.getX(),
          ev.getY(),
          this,
          mTargetCoordinates);    

    eventDispatcher.dispatchEvent(
          TouchEvent.obtain(
              mTargetTag,
              SystemClock.uptimeMillis(),
              TouchEventType.START,
              ev,
              mTargetCoordinates[0],
              mTargetCoordinates[1]));
    } else if (action == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP) {
      // End of the gesture. We reset target tag to -1 and expect no further event associated with
      // this gesture.
      eventDispatcher.dispatchEvent(
          TouchEvent.obtain(
              mTargetTag,
              SystemClock.uptimeMillis(),
              TouchEventType.END,
              ev,
              mTargetCoordinates[0],
              mTargetCoordinates[1]));
      mTargetTag = -1;
    } else if (action == MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE) {
      // Update pointer position for current gesture
      eventDispatcher.dispatchEvent(
          TouchEvent.obtain(
              mTargetTag,
              SystemClock.uptimeMillis(),
              TouchEventType.MOVE,
              ev,
              mTargetCoordinates[0],
              mTargetCoordinates[1]));
    } else if (action == MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_DOWN) {
      // New pointer goes down, this can only happen after ACTION_DOWN is sent for the first pointer
      eventDispatcher.dispatchEvent(
          TouchEvent.obtain(
              mTargetTag,
              SystemClock.uptimeMillis(),
              TouchEventType.START,
              ev,
              mTargetCoordinates[0],
              mTargetCoordinates[1]));
    } else if (action == MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_UP) {
      // Exactly onw of the pointers goes up
      eventDispatcher.dispatchEvent(
          TouchEvent.obtain(
              mTargetTag,
              SystemClock.uptimeMillis(),
              TouchEventType.END,
              ev,
              mTargetCoordinates[0],
              mTargetCoordinates[1]));
    } else if (action == MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL) {
      dispatchCancelEvent(ev);
      mTargetTag = -1;
    }
  }
   ...
}

代码不是非常多。也非常好理解。

先来看一下凝视,意思是ReactRootView 负责收集和发送事件给JS,当原生触摸事件响应时通过EventDispatcher类发送,并且在Down事件时通过TouchTargetManagerHelper查找详细被触摸的子View

这里一语道破了触摸事件的核心原理:

全部React组件的触摸事件都是由ReactRootView统一处理,将详细被触摸组件和详细触摸事件发送给Javascript。当中隐藏的一层意思是:React组件自身不用处理触摸事件。

这个非常关键,而详细被处理的触摸事件有下面6种。各自是ACTION_DOWN、ACTION_UP、ACTION_MOVE、ACTION_POINTER_DOWN、ACTION_POINTER_UP、ACTION_CANCEL。已经包括了差点儿全部的手势动作。


2、Touch事件接收者

接下来,看一下ACTION_DOWN事件时。是怎样定位消费Touch事件React组件的呢?下面图为例:

React-Native系列Android——Touch事件原理及状态效果

假设黄色的点表示被触摸的事件点,因为Touch事件是由ReactRootView根节点開始拦截。所以从ReactRootView開始遍历视图树。遍历顺序例如以下:

1、ReactViewGroup,推断黄点坐标位于ReactViewGroup区域,再推断ReactViewGroup自身或其子视图是否消费Touch事件(通过PointerEvents枚举类。后面详细解释)。

假设自身消费Touch事件,遍历中断,直接返回ReactGroupView;假设子视图消费Touch事件,继续遍历其子视图树。假设不消费Touch事件,返回null

2、child 1,假设ReactViewGroup的子视图消费Touch事件,则遍历至child 1,首先推断黄点坐标是否位于child 1区域,再推断自身或其子视图是否消费Touch事件。

假设child 1ReactViewGroup类型。同上方1过程处理;假设child 1是非ReactViewGroup类型,即ImageViewTextView等非复合型视图,推断其自身是否消费Touch事件,一般除具有Span属性的TextView外。基本都是消费Touch事件的。假设消费Touch事件。返回child 1,假设不消费Touch事件。返回null

3、child 2,假设2child 1不消费Touch事件,继续遍历到child 2。因为触摸点黄点坐标不位于child 2区域内,遍历终止。返回null

关于视图是否消费Touch事件。通过一个枚举类来说明,代码位于com.facebook.react.uimanager.PointerEvents
一共同拥有4种枚举类型:

NONE:视图自身或其子视图不消费Touch事件。


BOX_NONE:视图自身不消费Touch事件,但其子视图消费。
BOX_ONLY:视图自身消费Touch事件,而其子视图不消费。
AUTO:视图自身或其子视图消费Touch事件。但不确定是哪一个。

关于详细怎样查找事件消费者的代码主要在com.facebook.react.uimanager.TouchTargetHelper中。

/**
 * Class responsible for identifying which react view should handle a given {@link MotionEvent}.
 * It uses the event coordinates to traverse the view hierarchy and return a suitable view.
 */
public class TouchTargetHelper {

   ...

  /**
   * Find touch event target view within the provided container given the coordinates provided
   * via {@link MotionEvent}.
   *
   * @param eventX the X screen coordinate of the touch location
   * @param eventY the Y screen coordinate of the touch location
   * @param viewGroup the container view to traverse
   * @param viewCoords an out parameter that will return the X,Y value in the target view
   * @return the react tag ID of the child view that should handle the event
   */
  public static int findTargetTagAndCoordinatesForTouch(
      float eventX,
      float eventY,
      ViewGroup viewGroup,
      float[] viewCoords) {
    UiThreadUtil.assertOnUiThread();
    int targetTag = viewGroup.getId();
    // Store eventCoords in array so that they are modified to be relative to the targetView found.
    viewCoords[0] = eventX;
    viewCoords[1] = eventY;
    View nativeTargetView = findTouchTargetView(viewCoords, viewGroup);
    if (nativeTargetView != null) {
      View reactTargetView = findClosestReactAncestor(nativeTargetView);
      if (reactTargetView != null) {
        targetTag = getTouchTargetForView(reactTargetView, viewCoords[0], viewCoords[1]);
      }
    }
    return targetTag;
  }

   ...

}

详细有三层逻辑:findTouchTargetViewfindClosestReactAncestorgetTouchTargetForView。终于是要返回目标ViewID。代码我们一一来看。

1、findTouchTargetView

/**
   * Returns the touch target View that is either viewGroup or one if its descendants.
   * This is a recursive DFS since view the entire tree must be parsed until the target is found.
   * If the search does not backtrack, it is possible to follow a branch that cannot be a target
   * (because of pointerEvents). For example, if both C and E can be the target of an event:
   * A (pointerEvents: auto) - B (pointerEvents: box-none) - C (pointerEvents: none)
   *   D (pointerEvents: auto)  - E (pointerEvents: auto)
   * If the search goes down the first branch, it would return A as the target, which is incorrect.
   * NB: This modifies the eventCoords to always be relative to the current viewGroup. When the
   * method returns, it will contain the eventCoords relative to the targetView found.
   */
  private static View findTouchTargetView(float[] eventCoords, ViewGroup viewGroup) {
    int childrenCount = viewGroup.getChildCount();
    for (int i = childrenCount - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
      View child = viewGroup.getChildAt(i);
      PointF childPoint = mTempPoint;
      if (isTransformedTouchPointInView(eventCoords[0], eventCoords[1], viewGroup, child, childPoint)) {
        // If it is contained within the child View, the childPoint value will contain the view
        // coordinates relative to the child
        // We need to store the existing X,Y for the viewGroup away as it is possible this child
        // will not actually be the target and so we restore them if not
        float restoreX = eventCoords[0];
        float restoreY = eventCoords[1];
        eventCoords[0] = childPoint.x;
        eventCoords[1] = childPoint.y;
        View targetView = findTouchTargetViewWithPointerEvents(eventCoords, child);
        if (targetView != null) {
          return targetView;
        }
        eventCoords[0] = restoreX;
        eventCoords[1] = restoreY;
      }
    }
    return viewGroup;
}

循环遍历ReactRootView 的视图树,通过isTransformedTouchPointInView方法推断触摸点坐标是否位于当前遍历子视图的区域内。有一点须要特别注意,就是坐标的处理。默认的触摸点坐标是基于ReactRootView 的坐标系參照,假设遍历到子视图,须要将触摸点坐标转换成以子视图为坐标系參照的坐标。主要是通过上方代码中的childPoint变量保存和处理的。
触摸点坐标是否位于当前遍历子视图的区域内,通过findTouchTargetViewWithPointerEvents方法。推断当前遍历子视图是否消费Touch事件。

/**
   * Returns the touch target View of the event given, or null if neither the given View nor any of
   * its descendants are the touch target.
   */
  private static @Nullable View findTouchTargetViewWithPointerEvents(
      float eventCoords[], View view) {
    PointerEvents pointerEvents = view instanceof ReactPointerEventsView ?
        ((ReactPointerEventsView) view).getPointerEvents() : PointerEvents.AUTO;
    if (pointerEvents == PointerEvents.NONE) {
        return null;
    } else if (pointerEvents == PointerEvents.BOX_ONLY) {
        return view;
    } else if (pointerEvents == PointerEvents.BOX_NONE) {
      if (view instanceof ViewGroup) {
        View targetView = findTouchTargetView(eventCoords, (ViewGroup) view);
        if (targetView != view) {
          return targetView;
        }
        ...
      }
      return null;

    } else if (pointerEvents == PointerEvents.AUTO) {
      // Either this view or one of its children is the target
      if (view instanceof ViewGroup) {
        return findTouchTargetView(eventCoords, (ViewGroup) view);
      }
      return view;

    } else {
      throw new JSApplicationIllegalArgumentException(
          "Unknown pointer event type: " + pointerEvents.toString());
    }
  }

findTouchTargetViewWithPointerEvents方法对PointerEvents的四种枚举做了相应处理。NONE返回nullBOX_ONLY返回当前视图,BOX_NONEAUTO继续遍历,递归调用了findTouchTargetView

2、findClosestReactAncestor

  private static View findClosestReactAncestor(View view) {
    while (view != null && view.getId() <= 0) {
      view = (View) view.getParent();
    }
    return view;
  }

因为查找终于是要返回目标视图的ID,假设目标视图的ID非法小于0,则返回其父视图作为替代。此处作用不是非常理解,忘解答。感激不尽。

3、getTouchTargetForView

  private static int getTouchTargetForView(View targetView, float eventX, float eventY) {
    if (targetView instanceof ReactCompoundView) {
      // Use coordinates relative to the view, which have been already computed by
      // {@link #findTouchTargetView()}.
      return ((ReactCompoundView) targetView).reactTagForTouch(eventX, eventY);
    }
    return targetView.getId();
  }

这种方法是针对ReactTextView做特殊处理的。因为ReactTextView中可能存在消费Touch事件的Span,假设有则返回其Spantag值(详细请阅读ReactTextViewReactTagSpan)。


3、Touch事件发送

代码位于com.facebook.react.uimanager.events.EventDispatcher中,先来看一下EventDispatcher对象的初始化。

public class EventDispatcher implements LifecycleEventListener {

     ...

     private final ReactApplicationContext mReactContext;
     private @Nullable RCTEventEmitter mRCTEventEmitter;
     private volatile @Nullable ScheduleDispatchFrameCallback mCurrentFrameCallback;

     public EventDispatcher(ReactApplicationContext  reactContext) {
      mReactContext = reactContext;
      mReactContext.addLifecycleEventListener(this);
    }

  @Override
  public void onHostResume() {
    UiThreadUtil.assertOnUiThread();
    Assertions.assumeCondition(mCurrentFrameCallback == null);

    if (mRCTEventEmitter == null) {
      mRCTEventEmitter = mReactContext.getJSModule(RCTEventEmitter.class);
    }

    mCurrentFrameCallback = new ScheduleDispatchFrameCallback();
    ReactChoreographer.getInstance().postFrameCallback(ReactChoreographer.CallbackType.TIMERS_EVENTS, mCurrentFrameCallback);
  }

     ...

}

EventDispatcher实现了LifecycleEventListener接口,在ReactActivity的各个生命周期执行时回调给EventDispatcher

onHostResume方法相应ActivityonResume生命周期。主要通过ReactChoreographer单例来post了一个ScheduleDispatchFrameCallback。而ReactChoreographer是对Choreographer的一层封装,这里能够直接看成是ChoreographerChoreographer是一个消息处理器,详细作用不多讲,请參考http://blog.csdn.net/farmer_cc/article/details/18619429

ScheduleDispatchFrameCallbackEventDispatcher的一个内部Choreographer.FrameCallback实现类。接下来看看ScheduleDispatchFrameCallback这个回调类里面处理了哪些东西。

private class ScheduleDispatchFrameCallback implements Choreographer.FrameCallback {

    private boolean mShouldStop = false;

    @Override
    public void doFrame(long frameTimeNanos) {
      UiThreadUtil.assertOnUiThread();

      if (mShouldStop) {
        return;
      }

     ...

      try {
        moveStagedEventsToDispatchQueue();

        if (!mHasDispatchScheduled) {
          mHasDispatchScheduled = true;
          ...
          mReactContext.runOnJSQueueThread(mDispatchEventsRunnable);
        }

        ReactChoreographer.getInstance()
            .postFrameCallback(ReactChoreographer.CallbackType.TIMERS_EVENTS, this);
      } finally {
        Systrace.endSection(Systrace.TRACE_TAG_REACT_JAVA_BRIDGE);
      }
    }

    public void stop() {
      mShouldStop = true;
    }
  }

doFrame的回调方法里面一共做了两件事情:
1、将mDispatchEventsRunnable塞进Javascript线程处理队列中,此线程队列内部有一个Looper消息队列并持有当前线程的Handler消息句柄,终于mDispatchEventsRunnable是通过此Handler塞进消息队列完毕处理的。
2、递归调用,再次post了当前ScheduleDispatchFrameCallback。达到一个循环的目的。

接下里,我们看看mDispatchEventsRunnable是怎样发送Touch事件的。

 private class DispatchEventsRunnable implements Runnable {

    @Override
    public void run() {
      ...
      try {
        ...
        mHasDispatchScheduled = false;
        mHasDispatchScheduledCount++;
        ...
        synchronized (mEventsToDispatchLock) {
          ...
          for (int eventIdx = 0; eventIdx < mEventsToDispatchSize; eventIdx++) {
            Event event = mEventsToDispatch[eventIdx];
            // Event can be null if it has been coalesced into another event.
            if (event == null) {
              continue;
            }
            ...
            event.dispatch(mRCTEventEmitter);
            event.dispose();
          }
          clearEventsToDispatch();
          mEventCookieToLastEventIdx.clear();
        }
      } finally {
        Systrace.endSection(Systrace.TRACE_TAG_REACT_JAVA_BRIDGE);
      }
    }
  }

DispatchEventsRunnable这个对象的作用,仅仅有一个:循环遍历mEventsToDispatch数组,然后调用eventdispatch方法发送给Javascript

这里涉及到RCTEventEmitter的一个JS组件类,里面有一个receiveTouches(String eventName, WritableArray touches, WritableArray changedIndices)的方法用来与JS交互的。这里不做深入分析。下一篇博客会以此为例详细解释,敬请关注!

梳理一下。也就是说全部的Touch事件都会预先存入mEventsToDispatch数组里。然后在每次ScheduleDispatchFrameCallback回调后。使用DispatchEventsRunnable终于将Touch事件传递给JS。

Touch事件怎样预先存入mEventsToDispatch数组中。则是通过onInterceptTouchEvent->handleTouchEvent->dispatchEvent->moveStagedEventsToDispatchQueue->addEventToEventsToDispatch的流程执行的,里面还会有一个mEventStaging暂存的过程,比較简单,不再解说。


4、Touch事件在React-Native中的使用

既然Javascript能够接收到原生native端的差点儿全部Touch事件,那么就能够做出非常多复杂的交互效果了,以点击(click)事件为例,演示下React-Native的几种交互效果。

4-1 普通触摸效果

点击文本,出现‘Awesome, Clicking!’的点击Toast提示,这是最简单和经常使用的点击功能。直接使用onPress属性实现。

function onClick(){
   var ToastAndroid = require('ToastAndroid')
   ToastAndroid.show('Awesome, Clicking!', ToastAndroid.SHORT);
}

class MyProject extends Component {
  render() {
    return (
      <View style={styles.container}>
        <Text onPress={onClick}>Click Me!</Text>
      </View>
    );
  }
}

React-Native系列Android——Touch事件原理及状态效果

4-2 变色触摸效果

使用TouchableHighlight组件实现,点击瞬间或者长按时,能够设定一个颜色视觉差。TouchableHighlight标签必须包裹被点击组件。使用underlayColor属性定义点击时的背景色,同一时候还有onShowUnderlayonHideUnderlay两个属性能够监听,背景色显示和隐藏瞬间的事件。

须要注意的一点是onPress属性,必须设置给TouchableHighlight

function onClick(){
   var ToastAndroid = require('ToastAndroid')
   ToastAndroid.show('Awesome, Clicking!', ToastAndroid.SHORT);
}

class MyProject extends Component {
  render() {
    return (
      <View style={styles.container}>
        <TouchableHighlight underlayColor='gray' onPress={onClick}>
            <Text>Click Me!</Text>
        </TouchableHighlight>
      </View>
    );
  }
}

React-Native系列Android——Touch事件原理及状态效果

4-3 透明触摸效果

使用TouchableOpacity组件实现,点击瞬间或者长按时。能够设定一个透明度视觉差。一般用于点击图片时使用。使用方式同TouchableHighlight。设定透明度的属性是activeOpacity,假设不设置。默认值为0.2

function onClick(){
   var ToastAndroid = require('ToastAndroid')
   ToastAndroid.show('Awesome, Clicking!', ToastAndroid.SHORT);
}

class MyProject extends Component {
  render() {
    return (
      <View style={styles.container}>
        <TouchableOpacity activeOpacity={0.3} onPress={onClick}>
            <Text>Click Me!</Text>
        </TouchableOpacity>
      </View>
    );
  }
}

React-Native系列Android——Touch事件原理及状态效果

4-4 原生触摸效果

使用TouchableNativeFeedback组件实现,点击瞬间或者长按时,呈现原生系统的点击效果。使用方式有点特殊,必须且仅仅能包括一个节点,假设是Text这样的多节点组件,必须在外面包一层View节点。并且这个功能眼下并不完好,高速点击时并不会出现原生点击效果,仅仅有较长时间按住时才正常。

function onClick(){
   var ToastAndroid = require('ToastAndroid')
   ToastAndroid.show('Awesome, Clicking!', ToastAndroid.SHORT);
}

class MyProject extends Component {
  render() {
    return (
      <View style={styles.container}>
        <TouchableNativeFeedback onPress={onClick}>
            <View>
                <Text>Click Me!</Text>
            </View>
        </TouchableNativeFeedback>
      </View>
    );
  }
}

React-Native系列Android——Touch事件原理及状态效果

4-5 无反馈触摸效果

使用TouchableWithoutFeedback组件实现,表示触摸时无不论什么反馈效果(同4-1),使用方式同TouchableHighlight。facebook官方并不推荐使用这个组件,除非你有特殊的原因。

function onClick(){
   var ToastAndroid = require('ToastAndroid')
   ToastAndroid.show('Awesome, Clicking!', ToastAndroid.SHORT);
}

class MyProject extends Component {
  render() {
    return (
      <View style={styles.container}>
        <TouchableWithoutFeedback onPress={onClick}>
            <Text>Click Me!</Text>
        </TouchableWithoutFeedback>
      </View>
    );
  }
}

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