UI-Android中的状态切换旋钮自定义

UI--Android中的状态切换按钮自定义

《代码里的世界》UI篇

用文字札记描绘自己 android学习之路

转载请保留出处 by Qiao
http://blog.csdn.net/qiaoidea/article/details/46715453

1.概述

  Android中关于控制开关和页面/状态切换的使用场景还是比较多的。源生做的支持也有比如RadioGroup 和Tabhost等。这里准备通过自定义View来模仿学习下IOS两种常见UI样式: SwitchButtonSegmentControl
  首先先通过简易的组装View来实现两种UI的相应效果,其次呢,尝试通过绘制来达到同样的更灵活的样式。代码前后共实现按钮切换和页面切换两个样式,三种实现方案,其中,两种SwitchButton实现,一种SegmentControl实现。实现方案中关于自定义View绘制,本篇只讲述SwitchView,希望大家能举一反三,同样做到SegmentControl的相同效果。个人也更倾向于使用自定义实现,更方便灵活。
  先看效果图:
  UI-Android中的状态切换旋钮自定义
  头部即为切换页面的SegmentControl,然后第一行是通过组装view来实现SwitchButton,第二行则是完全绘制出来的SwitchButton效果。接下来我们分别一一讲述代码实现。


2.SwitchButton样式两种实现

  状态开关按钮常用于某些控制开关,设置选项里最为常见。

2.1 组合View实现

  该方法比较简单明了,定义三个view,开启状态和关闭状态两个背景View,一个圆形按钮view。点击时候利用滑动动画移动按钮和状态背景,达到类似的视觉效果。
  先看xml布局:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<merge xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent" >

    <FrameLayout
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" >

        <ImageView
            android:id="@+id/on_bg_view"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:src="@drawable/switch_on_bg" />

        <ImageView
            android:id="@+id/off_bg_view"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:src="@drawable/switch_off_bg" />
    </FrameLayout>

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/circle_view"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:src="@drawable/switch_circle" />

</merge>

  因为是帧布局,所以顶层使用merge(merge简化xml不解释,自行百度)。然后使用两个开关状态背景和一个圆形按钮组合而成。

1. 全局变量参数

public class SwitchView extends FrameLayout {
    protected boolean isChecked;  //是否选中状态
    protected View onBgView;
    protected View offBgView;
    protected View circleView;
    protected boolean autoForPerformClick = true; //是否允许点击自动切换
    protected OnCheckedChangedListener onCheckedChangedListener; //切换事件监听

    //...
}

  一般状态切换是由click事件监听,根据业务逻辑来判断是否切换状态。但对于switchButton,通常我们操作时直观感受应该是先切换了状态才执行相应操作的,所以我们在performClick事件中直接根据autoForPerformClick 的状态来相应点击操作。

至于performClick ,其实就是控制条用onClickListener的方法体,具体逻辑在View源码中查看。

2. 初始化

    public SwitchView(Context context) {
        super(context);
        initialize();
    }

    public SwitchView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
        initialize();
    }

    public SwitchView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle) {
        super(context, attrs, defStyle);
        initialize();
    }

    protected void initialize() {
        setClickable(true);
        LayoutInflater layoutInflater = (LayoutInflater) getContext().getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
        layoutInflater.inflate(R.layout.switch_view, this);
        onBgView = findViewById(R.id.on_bg_view);
        offBgView = findViewById(R.id.off_bg_view);
        circleView = findViewById(R.id.circle_view);
    }

3. 点击响应

    @Override
    public boolean performClick() { 
        if (!autoForPerformClick) //如果不是自动响应则调用默认处理方法
            return super.performClick();
        /**
        *否则直接切换switch状态并触发事件监听
        */
        setChecked(!isChecked, true);
        if (onCheckedChangedListener != null) {
            onCheckedChangedListener.onChanged(this, isChecked);
        }
        return super.performClick();
    }

  View点击后会执行performClick方法,并判断是否调用clickLisentener。这里我们直接重写performClick方法,如果自动响应autoForPerformClick为ture则直接切换Switch状态,否则调用默认处理逻辑。

4.切换状态动画

  点击打开,则圆形按钮从左端滑动到右端,onBg显示,offBg隐藏;
  再点击关闭,圆形按钮从右端滑动到左端,onBg隐藏,offBg显示。

public void setChecked(boolean value, boolean needAnimate) {
        if (isChecked == value)
            return;
        isChecked = value;

        float targetX = 0; //要移动的目标位置
        if (getWidth() != 0) {  //当前view没有渲染上去时候,getWidth()为零
            targetX = getWidth() - circleView.getWidth();
        } else {
            measure(0, 0);
            targetX = getMeasuredWidth() - circleView.getMeasuredWidth();
        }

        long durationMillis = needAnimate ? 200 : 0;
        if (isChecked) {
            onBgView.bringToFront(); //显示在最前端
            onBgView.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
            offBgView.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);

            //平移动画
            TranslateAnimation an1 = new TranslateAnimation(0, targetX, 0, 0);
            an1.setFillAfter(true);
            an1.setDuration(durationMillis);
            circleView.startAnimation(an1);

            //透明度动画
            AlphaAnimation an2 = new AlphaAnimation(0, 1);
            an2.setFillAfter(true);
            an2.setDuration(durationMillis);
            onBgView.startAnimation(an2);
        } else {
            offBgView.bringToFront();
            onBgView.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
            offBgView.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);

            TranslateAnimation an1 = new TranslateAnimation(targetX, 0, 0, 0);
            an1.setFillAfter(true);
            an1.setDuration(durationMillis);
            circleView.startAnimation(an1);

            AlphaAnimation an2 = new AlphaAnimation(0, 1);
            an2.setFillAfter(true);
            an2.setDuration(durationMillis);
            offBgView.startAnimation(an2);
        }
    }

  状态切换的两个参数,value是否打开状态,needAnimate是否需要动画(否则直接切换效果)。setFillAfter保留动画结束状态,但并不影响View本身位置和状态。切换时,先将当前显示背景移动到最前端,其次添加按钮动画和渐隐动画。
  至此,最基本的组合View实现已经完成了。想要了解详情的请在源码中查看。源码分为两部分,一个项目是View的实现lib,另一块是示例演示demo.
  

2.2 自定义View绘制实现

  由于该样式并不十分复杂,所以可以通过基本的图形绘制draw出同样的效果。
  具体实现逻辑:通过自定view属性来确定按钮大小和中间圆钮大小,在测量onMesure方法中控制测量值mode和Size,并在onLayout方法中得到圆钮半径和起始点位置。然后进行绘制,先绘制底部on圆角矩形背景,再绘制off渐变缩放的圆角矩形,最后绘制spot圆钮。
  嘴比较笨拙,又不会画图。用word的图形工具将就画下可以看就好了。
  UI-Android中的状态切换旋钮自定义
  具体实现大体都类似,这里贴上主要部分代码

1.全局参数 

public class SwitchButton extends View{
    /** */
    private float radius;
    /** 开启颜色*/
    private int onColor = Color.parseColor("#4ebb7f");
    /** 关闭颜色*/
    private int offBorderColor = Color.parseColor("#dadbda");
    /** 灰色带颜色*/
    private int offColor = Color.parseColor("#ffffff");
    /** 手柄颜色*/
    private int spotColor = Color.parseColor("#ffffff");
    /** 边框颜色*/
    private int borderColor = offBorderColor;
    /** 画笔*/
    private Paint paint ;
    /** 开关状态*/
    private boolean toggleOn = false;
    /** 边框大小*/
    private int borderWidth = 2;
    /** 垂直中心*/
    private float centerY;
    /** 按钮的开始和结束位置*/
    private float startX, endX;
    /** 手柄X位置的最小和最大值*/
    private float spotMinX, spotMaxX;
    /**手柄大小 */
    private int spotSize ;
    /** 手柄X位置*/
    private float spotX;
    /** 关闭时内部灰色带高度*/
    private float offLineWidth;
    /** */
    private RectF rect = new RectF();
    /** 默认使用动画*/
    private boolean defaultAnimate = true;

    private OnSwitchChanged listener;

    //...
}

2.初始化与读取 

  读取自定义属性并赋值。讲了又讲的东西,略。

3.测量onMeasure与布局onLayout

  在onMeasure方法中根据给定mode和size来限定View,如果高宽不为明确值(UNSPECIFIED/AT_MOST),则定义自身高宽为明确值。 关于MeasureSpec的详细讲解,这里附上爱哥的一篇文章–MeasureSpec,深入到赋值读取的内部,不妨试着深入研究下。当然,更直接的方法就是点开源码一探究竟咯。
  onLayout方法中取得view的实际高宽,计算出圆角矩形半径,圆钮半径以及起始点x方向位置。还有On矩形和off矩形的宽度。

    @Override
    protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {

        final int widthMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec);
        final int heightMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec);

        int widthSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);
        int heightSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);

        /**
        *如果高宽未指定,则使用内置高宽明确大小
        */
        Resources r = Resources.getSystem();
        if(widthMode == MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED || widthMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST){
            widthSize = (int) TypedValue.applyDimension(TypedValue.COMPLEX_UNIT_DIP, 50, r.getDisplayMetrics());
            widthMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(widthSize, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
        }

        if(heightMode == MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED || heightSize == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST){
            heightSize = (int) TypedValue.applyDimension(TypedValue.COMPLEX_UNIT_DIP, 30, r.getDisplayMetrics());
            heightMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(heightSize, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
        }

        super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
    }


    @Override
    protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int left, int top, int right,
            int bottom) {
        super.onLayout(changed, left, top, right, bottom);

        final int width = getWidth();
        final int height = getHeight();

        /**
        *测量相应大小
        */
        radius = Math.min(width, height) * 0.5f;
        centerY = radius;
        startX = radius;
        endX = width - radius;
        spotMinX = startX + borderWidth;
        spotMaxX = endX - borderWidth;
        spotSize = height - 4 * borderWidth;
        spotX = toggleOn ? spotMaxX : spotMinX;
        offLineWidth = 0;
    }

  前三步完成基本赋值之后,开始设置和绑定相应事件。这里不作为重点部分也省略,主要讲一下绘制过程和核心控制逻辑。
    

4.绘制过程

  按照前面的简易示例图来绘制我们的ui图。

@Override
    public void draw(Canvas canvas) {
        //绘制on背景
        rect.set(0, 0, getWidth(), getHeight());
        paint.setColor(borderColor);
        canvas.drawRoundRect(rect, radius, radius, paint);

        //绘制off背景(缩放至0时候不绘制)
        if(offLineWidth > 0){
            final float cy = offLineWidth * 0.5f;
            rect.set(spotX - cy, centerY - cy, endX + cy, centerY + cy);
            paint.setColor(offColor);
            canvas.drawRoundRect(rect, cy, cy, paint);
        }

        //绘制圆钮轮廓border
        rect.set(spotX - 1 - radius, centerY - radius, spotX + 1.1f + radius, centerY + radius);
        paint.setColor(borderColor);
        canvas.drawRoundRect(rect, radius, radius, paint);

        //绘制圆钮
        final float spotR = spotSize * 0.5f;
        rect.set(spotX - spotR, centerY - spotR, spotX + spotR, centerY + spotR);
        paint.setColor(spotColor);
        canvas.drawRoundRect(rect, spotR, spotR, paint);

    }

  及诶按来便是我们的状态切换动画控制逻辑,即点击按钮之后setToggleOn或者setToggleOff执行的相应动作。

4.状态切换动画效果

    /**
    * 执行效果,如果animate为true表示有动画效果
    * 否则直接执行计算并显示最终打开"1"或者关闭"0"的效果绘制
    */
    private void takeEffect(boolean animate) {
        if(animate){
            slide();
        }else{
            calculateEffect(toggleOn ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
    *这里偷个懒,直接使用空的animation,根据当前interpolatedTime(0~1)渐变过程来绘制不同阶段的View,达到动画效果
    *当然,也可以开启个线程或者定时任务,来实现从0到1的变换,劲儿改变视图绘制过程
    */
    private void slide(){
            Animation animation = new Animation() {
                @Override
                protected void applyTransformation(float interpolatedTime,
                        Transformation t) {
                    if(toggleOn){
                        calculateEffect(interpolatedTime);
                    }else{
                        calculateEffect(1-interpolatedTime);
                    }
                }
            };
            animation.setDuration(200);
            clearAnimation();
            startAnimation(animation);
    }

    /**
    *计算绘制位置
    *mapValueFromRangeToRange方法计算从当前位置相对于目标位置所对应的值
    *通过颜色变化来达到透明度动画效果(颜色渐变)
    */
    private void calculateEffect(final double value) {
        final float mapToggleX = (float) mapValueFromRangeToRange(value, 0, 1, spotMinX, spotMaxX);
        spotX = mapToggleX;

        float mapOffLineWidth = (float) mapValueFromRangeToRange(1 - value, 0, 1, 10, spotSize);

        offLineWidth = mapOffLineWidth;

        final int fb = Color.blue(onColor);
        final int fr = Color.red(onColor);
        final int fg = Color.green(onColor);

        final int tb = Color.blue(offBorderColor);
        final int tr = Color.red(offBorderColor);
        final int tg = Color.green(offBorderColor);

        int sb = (int) mapValueFromRangeToRange(1 - value, 0, 1, fb, tb);
        int sr = (int) mapValueFromRangeToRange(1 - value, 0, 1, fr, tr);
        int sg = (int) mapValueFromRangeToRange(1 - value, 0, 1, fg, tg);

        sb = clamp(sb, 0, 255);
        sr = clamp(sr, 0, 255);
        sg = clamp(sg, 0, 255);

        borderColor = Color.rgb(sr, sg, sb);

        postInvalidate();
    }

  以上就是自定义View绘制的核心代码,详细查看源码SwitchButton。相较于组合方法,它更便捷,也有更高的灵活性和扩展性。同时还不需要图片资源支持。


3.SegmentControl样式实现

  常见的Tab有很多种,这里使用的是IOS常见的一种切换效果SegmentControl。本篇只用最简单的拼装View实现类似效果。有兴趣的可以自己尝试绘制达到更优效果。(有空的话也会在后边放出)

  • 通过view组合生成 最近单的方案,没有之一。使用现成的selector和背景来控制显示效果。各个子view分别继承 RelativeLayout并实现OnClick接口。最后在Segment中控制显示和点击切换。
  • 自定义View绘制生成 这里只是提供思路。定义一个ItemView,根据在Segment中位置挥之不同效果。背景效果会用selector.xml的都知道,使用shape标签产生的drawable对象,其实就是一个GradientDrawable。所以我们自定义view可以直接通过使用GradientDrawable的setCornerRadii(float[] radii) 来绘制同样的背景效果,劲儿可以做到不同颜色。最后,使用一个ViewGroup不含这些item即可。通过click事件来切换tab就可以了。

3.1 组合View实现

  首先,类似的定义一个可点击的通用的RelativLayout。(实现 Checkable接口使其可被选中也移除选中状态,详细可以参考前面的博文 微博/动态 点赞效果)。这里涉及三个新内容,稍微说明讲解下。
  
- checkMode 选中模式,是单选 CHECKMODE_CHECK 还是 CHECKMODE_RADIO 单选效果。使我们的自定义RelativeLayout可以做到单选和复选。
- onInitializeAccessibilityEvent 添加View接受事件源信息。即订阅checked事件。由于事件可能由内部子view点击触发,所以这里应该接收并处理相应的checked事件。当然,使用该方法首先要重写onInitializeAccessibilityNodeInfo方法,添加我们关注的状态信息。
- SavedState状态保存 当我们内部可能嵌套复杂view的时候,为了防止数据状态丢失,一般需要定义状态保存类,用以保存和恢复当前View状态。

#### 1.可点击的通用RelativeLayout

  • 继承实现Clickable接口,简要略过。

    //定义checked状态
    public static final int[] CHECKED_STATE_SET = { android.R.attr.state_checked };

    //重写SetChecked方法和isChecked方法略

    /**
    *根据当前选择模式checkMode 来控制单复选
    */
    @Override
    public boolean performClick() {
        if (checkMode == CHECKMODE_CHECK) {
            toggle();
        } else if (checkMode == CHECKMODE_RADIO) {
            setChecked(true);
        }
        return super.performClick();
    }

    /**
    *添加Drawable 的checked状态 ,并再绘制view是绘制相应状态效果
    */
    @Override
    public int[] onCreateDrawableState(int extraSpace) {
        int[] states = super.onCreateDrawableState(extraSpace + 1);
        if (isChecked()) {
            mergeDrawableStates(states, CHECKED_STATE_SET);
        }
        return states;
    }

    @Override
    protected void drawableStateChanged() {
        super.drawableStateChanged();
        Drawable drawable = getBackground();
        if (drawable != null) {
            int[] myDrawableState = getDrawableState();
            drawable.setState(myDrawableState);
            invalidate();
        }
    }
  • 接受checked状态事件信息
    @Override
    public void onInitializeAccessibilityEvent(AccessibilityEvent event) {
        super.onInitializeAccessibilityEvent(event);
        event.setClassName(CheckedRelativeLayout.class.getName());
        event.setChecked(checked);
    }

    @Override
    public void onInitializeAccessibilityNodeInfo(AccessibilityNodeInfo info) {
        super.onInitializeAccessibilityNodeInfo(info);
        info.setClassName(CheckedRelativeLayout.class.getName());
        info.setCheckable(true);
        info.setChecked(checked);
    }
  • 保存View状态和恢复
      View自身重写保存和恢复的方法
  @Override
    public Parcelable onSaveInstanceState() {//保存
        Parcelable superState = super.onSaveInstanceState();

        SavedState ss = new SavedState(superState);

        ss.checked = isChecked();
        return ss;
    }

    @Override
    public void onRestoreInstanceState(Parcelable state) {//恢复
        SavedState ss = (SavedState) state;

        super.onRestoreInstanceState(ss.getSuperState());
        setChecked(ss.checked);
        requestLayout();
    }

  用于保存数据的基本状态类型

static class SavedState extends BaseSavedState {
        boolean checked;

        SavedState(Parcelable superState) {
            super(superState);
        }

        private SavedState(Parcel in) {
            super(in);
            checked = (Boolean) in.readValue(null);
        }

        @Override
        public void writeToParcel(Parcel out, int flags) {
            super.writeToParcel(out, flags);
            out.writeValue(checked);
        }

        public static final Creator<SavedState> CREATOR = new Creator<SavedState>() {
            public SavedState createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
                return new SavedState(in);
            }

            public SavedState[] newArray(int size) {
                return new SavedState[size];
            }
        };
    }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "CompoundButton.SavedState{" + Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(this)) + " checked=" + checked + "}";
        }

2.控制tab切换的SegmentView

  代码比较易于理解,这里直接贴出来查阅即可。
  基本思路,水平线性布局包裹对应左中右不同item个数的选项,并通过设置对应left/right/center来设置背景。然后分别为每个Item设置同一个点击事件,点击之后检查是否当前item被选中,改变statu,同时出发切换事件。详细代码:

public class SegmentView extends LinearLayout {

    protected final static int SEGMENT_LEFT_BG = R.drawable.segment_left_selector;
    protected final static int SEGMENT_CENTER_BG = R.drawable.segment_center_selector;
    protected final static int SEGMENT_RIGHT_BG = R.drawable.segment_right_selector;

    protected int leftBg = SEGMENT_LEFT_BG;
    protected int centerBg = SEGMENT_CENTER_BG;
    protected int rightBg = SEGMENT_RIGHT_BG;

    protected CheckedRelativeLayout2[] checkedRelativeLayouts;
    protected int index = -1;
    protected float textSize = -1;
    protected int textColorN = Color.BLACK, textColorP = Color.BLACK;
    protected OnIndexChangedListener onIndexChangedListener;

    public SegmentView(Context context) {
        super(context);
        initialize();
    }

    public SegmentView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
        initialize();
        initFromAttributes(context, attrs);
    }

    public SegmentView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle) {
        super(context, attrs, defStyle);
        initialize();
        initFromAttributes(context, attrs);
    }

    protected void initialize() {
        setGravity(Gravity.CENTER);
    }

    protected void initFromAttributes(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.SegmentView);
        String content = a.getString(R.styleable.SegmentView_content);
        index = a.getInt(R.styleable.SegmentView_index, index);
        textSize = a.getDimension(R.styleable.SegmentView_textSize, textSize);
        textColorN = a.getColor(R.styleable.SegmentView_textColorN, textColorN);
        textColorP = a.getColor(R.styleable.SegmentView_textColorP, textColorP);
        leftBg = a.getResourceId(R.styleable.SegmentView_leftBg, leftBg);
        centerBg = a.getResourceId(R.styleable.SegmentView_centerBg, centerBg);
        rightBg = a.getResourceId(R.styleable.SegmentView_rightBg, rightBg);
        a.recycle();

        if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(content)) {
            String[] contentStrings = content.split(",");
            setContent(contentStrings);
        }
        setIndex(index);
    }

    public void setContent(String... content) {
        View[] views = new View[content.length];
        for (int i = 0, len = content.length; i < len; i++) {
            String s = content[i];
            TextView tv = new TextView(getContext());
            tv.setTextColor(textColorN);
            tv.setText(s);
            if (textSize != -1) {
                tv.setTextSize(TypedValue.COMPLEX_UNIT_PX, textSize);
            }
            views[i] = tv;
        }
        setContent(views);
    }

    public void setContent(View... content) {
        removeAllViews();
        int lastIndex = content.length - 1;
        checkedRelativeLayouts = new CheckedRelativeLayout2[content.length];
        checkedRelativeLayouts[0] = createLeftView(content[0]);
        checkedRelativeLayouts[lastIndex] = createRightView(content[lastIndex]);
        for (int i = 1; i < lastIndex; i++) {
            checkedRelativeLayouts[i] = createCenterView(content[i]);
        }
        for (View view : checkedRelativeLayouts) {
            LayoutParams llp = new LayoutParams(LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT);
            llp.weight = 1;
            addView(view, llp);
        }
    }

    public int getIndex() {
        return index;
    }

    public void setIndex(int i) {
        if (i < 0)
            return;
        checkedRelativeLayouts[i].setChecked(true);
    }

    public void setTextColorN(int textColorN) {
        this.textColorN = textColorN;
    }

    public void setTextColorP(int textColorP) {
        this.textColorP = textColorP;
    }

    protected CheckedRelativeLayout.OnCheckedChangeListener checkedChangeListener = new CheckedRelativeLayout.OnCheckedChangeListener() {
        @Override
        public void onCheckedChanged(CheckedRelativeLayout layout, boolean isChecked) {
            if (isChecked) {
                for (CheckedRelativeLayout2 item : checkedRelativeLayouts) {
                    if (!item.equals(layout)) {
                        item.setChecked(false);
                    }
                }
                if (onIndexChangedListener != null) {
                    int i = indexOf(checkedRelativeLayouts, layout);
                    index = i;
                    if (onIndexChangedListener != null) {
                        onIndexChangedListener.onChanged(SegmentView.this, index);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    };

    protected CheckedRelativeLayout2 createLeftView(View contentView) {
        CheckedRelativeLayout2 layout = new CheckedRelativeLayout2(getContext());
        layout.setBackgroundResource(leftBg);
        layout.setGravity(Gravity.CENTER);
        layout.addView(contentView);
        layout.setOnCheckedChangeListener(checkedChangeListener);
        return layout;
    }

    protected CheckedRelativeLayout2 createCenterView(View contentView) {
        CheckedRelativeLayout2 layout = new CheckedRelativeLayout2(getContext());
        layout.setBackgroundResource(centerBg);
        layout.setGravity(Gravity.CENTER);
        layout.addView(contentView);
        layout.setOnCheckedChangeListener(checkedChangeListener);
        return layout;
    }

    protected CheckedRelativeLayout2 createRightView(View contentView) {
        CheckedRelativeLayout2 layout = new CheckedRelativeLayout2(getContext());
        layout.setBackgroundResource(rightBg);
        layout.setGravity(Gravity.CENTER);
        layout.addView(contentView);
        layout.setOnCheckedChangeListener(checkedChangeListener);
        return layout;
    }

    public void setOnIndexChangedListener(OnIndexChangedListener l) {
        this.onIndexChangedListener = l;
    }

    protected class CheckedRelativeLayout2 extends CheckedRelativeLayout {

        protected TextView textView;

        public CheckedRelativeLayout2(Context context) {
            super(context);
        }

        @Override
        public void addView(View child) {
            super.addView(child);
            if (child instanceof TextView) {
                textView = (TextView) child;
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void setChecked(boolean checked) {
            super.setChecked(checked);
            if (textView != null) {
                if (checked) {
                    textView.setTextColor(textColorP);
                } else {
                    textView.setTextColor(textColorN);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public static interface OnIndexChangedListener {
        public void onChanged(SegmentView view, int index);
    }

    public static <T> int indexOf(T[] array, T obj) {
        for (int i = 0, len = array.length; i < len; i++) {
            if (array[i].equals(obj))
                return i;
        }
        return -1;
    }
}

  该方法比较简陋,背景颜色定制性不高。即只能通过既定drawable北京来实现。不过,其实是可以通过selector来定义相关背景drawable的。不妨试一下。
  

3.2 自定义View实现

  本来此方法只是简单提及的一个想法而已,今天有空就一并写了。时间匆忙,代码稍微有些混乱,不过还是能起到一定示范效用的,这里也贴出来供大家参考。
  整体思路

  • 定义子item 设置其选中状态和字体/背景色。通过测量方法保证显示范围和字体大小,通过GradientDrawable绘制圆角背景,并画对应字体。

    • 定义Segment 继承自ViewGroup,读取自定义属性,根据文本内容添加子View。然后重写OnMeasure方法和OnLayout方法来测量和布局子View。最后添加点击事件,提供监听接口。

        代码如下:


import com.qiao.demo.R;
import com.qiao.demo.R.styleable;

import android.content.Context;
import android.content.res.TypedArray;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.graphics.Paint;
import android.graphics.Rect;
import android.graphics.drawable.GradientDrawable;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.util.TypedValue;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;

public class SegmentView extends ViewGroup implements OnClickListener{
    private final float r = TypedValue.applyDimension(TypedValue.COMPLEX_UNIT_DIP, 4, getResources().getDisplayMetrics());

    private int bgColor = 0xff0072c6;
    private int fgColor = Color.WHITE;
    private float mTextSize = 3f*r;
    private String []mText= {"item1","item2","item3"};

    private int checkedItem=1;
    private OnItemClickListener listener;

    public SegmentView(Context context) {
        super(context);
        initFromAttributes(context, null);
        initalize();
    }

    public SegmentView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
        initFromAttributes(context,attrs);
        initalize();
    }

    protected void initFromAttributes(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        if(attrs==null) return;
        TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs,  R.styleable.SegmentView0);
        String content = a.getString(R.styleable.SegmentView0_content0);
        if(!isEmpty(content)){
            mText = content.split(",");
        }
        checkedItem = a.getInt(R.styleable.SegmentView0_index0, checkedItem);
        mTextSize = a.getDimension(R.styleable.SegmentView0_textSize0, mTextSize);
        bgColor = a.getColor(R.styleable.SegmentView0_bgColor, bgColor);
        fgColor = a.getColor(R.styleable.SegmentView0_textColor, fgColor);
        a.recycle();
    }

    public void initalize(){
        int length = mText.length;
        for(int i=0;i<length;i++){
            View view = new ItemView(getContext(),mText[i],getGravity(i,length),i==checkedItem);
            view.setOnClickListener(this);
            addView(view,LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT,LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT);
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
        int widthMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec);
        int widthSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);

        int count = getChildCount();
        int childWidthMeasureSpec = widthMeasureSpec;
        int maxWidth = 0;
        int maxHeight = 0;
        if(widthSize>=0){
            maxWidth = widthSize/count;
            childWidthMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(maxWidth,widthMode);
        }

        for(int i=0;i<count;i++){
            View child = getChildAt(i);
            measureChild(child, childWidthMeasureSpec,heightMeasureSpec);
            maxWidth = Math.max(maxWidth,child.getMeasuredWidth());
            maxHeight = Math.max(maxHeight,child.getMeasuredHeight());
        }

        setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(maxWidth*count, widthMeasureSpec),
                getDefaultSize(maxHeight, heightMeasureSpec));
    }

    @Override
    protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int l, int t, int r, int b) {
        if(!changed) return;
        int count = getChildCount();
        int left = 0;
        for(int i=0;i<count;i++){
            View child = getChildAt(i);
            child.layout(left,0,left+child.getMeasuredWidth(),child.getMeasuredHeight());
            left += child.getMeasuredWidth();
        }
    }

    private int getGravity(int i,int len){
        if(i==0){
            if(i==len-1)
                return ItemView.GRAVITY_SINGLE;
            else
                return ItemView.GRAVITY_LEFT;
        }else if(i==len-1){
            return ItemView.GRAVITY_RIGHT;
        }else
            return ItemView.GRAVITY_CENTER;
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        int count  = getChildCount();
        for(int i=0;i<count;i++){
            View child = getChildAt(i);
            if(v.equals(child)){
                checkedItem = i;
                ((ItemView)child).setChecked(true);
            }else{
                ((ItemView)child).setChecked(false);
            }
            child.postInvalidate();
        }
        if(listener!=null){
            listener.onItemClick((ItemView)v, checkedItem);
        }
    }

    /**
     * segment子集item
     */
    class ItemView extends View{
        public final static int GRAVITY_SINGLE = 1<<0;
        public final static int GRAVITY_LEFT = 1<<1;
        public final static int GRAVITY_CENTER = 1<<2;
        public final static int GRAVITY_RIGHT = 1<<3;

        private GradientDrawable drawable;
        private int gravity = GRAVITY_SINGLE;
        private boolean isChecked;
        private String text;

        private Paint mTextPaint;
        private Rect mTextBound = new Rect();

        private ItemView(Context context,String text,int gravity,boolean isChecked){
            super(context);
            this.text = text;
            this.gravity = gravity;
            this.isChecked = isChecked;
            init();
        }

        private void init(){
            mTextPaint = new Paint();

            mTextPaint.setTextSize(mTextSize);
            mTextPaint.getTextBounds(text, 0, text.length(), mTextBound);

            drawable = new GradientDrawable();
            drawable.setStroke((int)(r/5), bgColor);
            setItemGravity(gravity);
            setChecked(isChecked);
        }

        public void setItemGravity(int gravity){
            this.gravity = gravity;
            switch (gravity){
                case GRAVITY_SINGLE:
                    drawable.setCornerRadii(new float[]{r,r,r,r,r,r,r,r});
                    break;
                case GRAVITY_LEFT:
                    drawable.setCornerRadii(new float[]{r,r,0,0,0,0,r,r});
                    break;
                case GRAVITY_CENTER:
                    drawable.setCornerRadii(new float[]{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0});
                    break;
                case GRAVITY_RIGHT:
                    drawable.setCornerRadii(new float[]{0,0,r,r,r,r,0,0});
                    break;
            }
        }

        public void setChecked(boolean isChecked){
            this.isChecked = isChecked;
            mTextPaint.setColor(isChecked? fgColor:bgColor);
            drawable.setColor(isChecked? bgColor:fgColor);
        }

        @Override
        protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
            int widthMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec);
            int widthSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);
            int heightMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec);
            int heightSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);

            if(widthMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST){
                widthSize = mTextBound.width() + (int)(8*r);
                widthMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
            }
            if(heightMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST){
                heightSize = mTextBound.height() + (int)(4*r);
                heightMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
            }

            widthMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(widthSize,widthMode);
            heightMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(heightSize,heightMode);
            setMeasuredDimension(widthMeasureSpec,heightMeasureSpec);

            int height = getMeasuredHeight();
            int width = getMeasuredWidth();
            if(height>=0){
                float textSize = Math.min(mTextSize,height-2*r);
                if(width>0){
                    textSize = Math.min(textSize,(width-2*r)*2/text.length()); //英文比中文短(中文为两个字符),故取mText.length()/2作为平均宽度
                }
                if(textSize != mTextSize ){
                    mTextPaint.setTextSize(textSize);
                    mTextPaint.getTextBounds(text, 0, text.length(), mTextBound);
                }
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void draw(Canvas canvas) {
            Rect rect = canvas.getClipBounds();
            drawable.setBounds(new Rect(rect));
            drawable.draw(canvas);
            int l = (rect.width() - mTextBound.width())/2;
            int b = (rect.height() + mTextBound.height())/2;
            canvas.drawText(text, l, b, mTextPaint);
        }

    }

    public void setOnItemClickListener(OnItemClickListener onItemClickListener){
        this.listener = onItemClickListener;
    }

    interface OnItemClickListener{
        void onItemClick(ItemView item,int checkedItem);
    }

    public static boolean isEmpty(String str){
        return null==str || str.trim().length() == 0;
    }
}

  参照前面两段讲述完全可以理解了。使用时候可以方便的通过自定义属性来控制字体颜色和点击背景。可以动态变更View高宽。有问题的同学可以在文末提出或指正。

3.总结

  感觉自己学习进步的速度很慢,常常伴随着焦急浮躁。这篇文章也是积累了好久才慢吞吞的写完了。代码方面,个人也有不少不良习惯,助事业不够清晰,不过总体上不是有碍观瞻吧。
  同样的东西,尝试用不同想法写两遍,我觉得是有好处的。至少于我,能看到不少有意思的东西。
  
  最后, 附上本文的 示例源码 . 由于资源上传较早,第二部分的自定义View并没有打包上传。不过上便已经贴出完整代码了,可以直接拿来使用。

  后边在考虑是写一写非UI层面的东西,还是继续写关于常见的增删改UI界面。待定,总之,fighting..


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