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centos7使用MySQL的Yum存储库安装mysql5.7.27

分类: IT文章 • 2023-11-29 14:34:13

下载yum源

官网地址：http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/

centos7系统:

http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm

http://repo.mysql.com/mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm

# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm

[root@localhost ~]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
--2019-08-10 21:38:37--  https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
Resolving dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)... 137.254.60.11
Connecting to dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)|137.254.60.11|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found
Location: https://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm [following]
--2019-08-10 21:38:59--  https://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
Resolving repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)... 104.74.21.42
Connecting to repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)|104.74.21.42|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 25680 (25K) [application/x-redhat-package-manager]
Saving to: ‘mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm’

100%[===================================================================================================================>] 25,680      --.-K/s   in 0.1s    

2019-08-10 21:39:00 (253 KB/s) - ‘mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm’ saved [25680/25680]

[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm

检测系统是否自带安装mysql

# yum list installed | grep mysql

删除系统自带的mysql

# yum -y remove mysql-libs.x86_64

这个mysql的yum源服务器在国外，所以下载速度会比较慢，mysql5.6只有79M大，而mysql5.7就有182M。

安装mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm包

# yum -y install mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Examining mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm: mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch
Marking mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm to be installed
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql57-community-release.noarch 0:el7-11 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=============================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                    Arch                    Version                  Repository                                                 Size
=============================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 mysql57-community-release                  noarch                  el7-11                   /mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch                   31 k

Transaction Summary
=============================================================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total size: 31 k
Installed size: 31 k
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch                                                                                                   1/1 
  Verifying  : mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch                                                                                                   1/1 

Installed:
  mysql57-community-release.noarch 0:el7-11                                                                                                                  

Complete!

安装完这个包后，会获得两个mysql的yum repo源：/etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo，/etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community-source.repo

[root@localhost ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/
centos.repo  mysql-community.repo  mysql-community-source.repo

# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo 
[mysql-connectors-community]
name=MySQL Connectors Community
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-connectors-community/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

[mysql-tools-community]
name=MySQL Tools Community
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-tools-community/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

# Enable to use MySQL 5.5
[mysql55-community]
name=MySQL 5.5 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.5-community/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

# Enable to use MySQL 5.6
[mysql56-community]
name=MySQL 5.6 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.6-community/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

[mysql57-community]
name=MySQL 5.7 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

[mysql80-community]
name=MySQL 8.0 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-8.0-community/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

[mysql-tools-preview]
name=MySQL Tools Preview
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-tools-preview/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

[mysql-cluster-7.5-community]
name=MySQL Cluster 7.5 Community
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-cluster-7.5-community/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

[mysql-cluster-7.6-community]
name=MySQL Cluster 7.6 Community
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-cluster-7.6-community/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community-source.repo

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community-source.repo
[mysql-connectors-community-source]
name=MySQL Connectors Community - Source
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-connectors-community/el/7/SRPMS
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

[mysql-tools-community-source]
name=MySQL Tools Community - Source
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-tools-community/el/7/SRPMS
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

[mysql55-community-source]
name=MySQL 5.5 Community Server - Source
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.5-community/el/7/SRPMS
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

[mysql56-community-source]
name=MySQL 5.6 Community Server - Source
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.6-community/el/7/SRPMS
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

[mysql57-community-source]
name=MySQL 5.7 Community Server - Source
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/SRPMS
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

[mysql80-community-source]
name=MySQL 8.0 Community Server - Source
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-8.0-community/el/7/SRPMS
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

[mysql-tools-preview-source]
name=MySQL Tools Preview - Source
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-tools-preview/el/7/SRPMS
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

[mysql-cluster-7.5-community-source]
name=MySQL Cluster 7.5 Community - Source
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-cluster-7.5-community/el/7/SRPMS
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

[mysql-cluster-7.6-community-source]
name=MySQL Cluster 7.6 Community - Source
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-cluster-7.6-community/el/7/SRPMS
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

用yum repolist mysql这个命令查看一下是否已经有mysql可安装文件

# yum repolist all | grep mysql

[root@localhost ~]# yum repolist all | grep mysql
mysql-cluster-7.5-community/x86_64 MySQL Cluster 7.5 Community   disabled
mysql-cluster-7.5-community-source MySQL Cluster 7.5 Community - disabled
mysql-cluster-7.6-community/x86_64 MySQL Cluster 7.6 Community   disabled
mysql-cluster-7.6-community-source MySQL Cluster 7.6 Community - disabled
mysql-connectors-community/x86_64  MySQL Connectors Community    enabled:    118
mysql-connectors-community-source  MySQL Connectors Community -  disabled
mysql-tools-community/x86_64       MySQL Tools Community         enabled:     95
mysql-tools-community-source       MySQL Tools Community - Sourc disabled
mysql-tools-preview/x86_64         MySQL Tools Preview           disabled
mysql-tools-preview-source         MySQL Tools Preview - Source  disabled
mysql55-community/x86_64           MySQL 5.5 Community Server    disabled
mysql55-community-source           MySQL 5.5 Community Server -  disabled
mysql56-community/x86_64           MySQL 5.6 Community Server    disabled
mysql56-community-source           MySQL 5.6 Community Server -  disabled
mysql57-community/x86_64           MySQL 5.7 Community Server    enabled:    364
mysql57-community-source           MySQL 5.7 Community Server -  disabled
mysql80-community/x86_64           MySQL 8.0 Community Server    disabled
mysql80-community-source           MySQL 8.0 Community Server -  disabled

安装mysql

# yum install mysql-server -y

比较慢，耐心等待

Installed:
  mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.27-1.el7       mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:5.7.27-1.el7       mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.27-1.el7      

Dependency Installed:
  mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.27-1.el7        mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.27-1.el7        net-tools.x86_64 0:2.0-0.24.20131004git.el7       

Dependency Updated:
  openssl.x86_64 1:1.0.2k-16.el7_6.1                  openssl-libs.x86_64 1:1.0.2k-16.el7_6.1                  postfix.x86_64 2:2.10.1-7.el7                 

Replaced:
  mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.44-2.el7.centos                                                                                                                  

Complete!

安装mysql指定版本，例如安装mysql5.7.22版

# yum install mysql-community-server-5.7.22 -y

下载rpm安装包到/opt/pages

# yum install --downloadonly --downloaddir=/opt/pages mysql-community-server-5.7.22

加入开机自启动

# systemctl enable mysqld

启动mysql服务进程

# systemctl start mysqld

查看mysql服务进程

# systemctl status mysqld

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sat 2019-08-10 22:15:24 CST; 7s ago
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
  Process: 11810 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 11736 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 11813 (mysqld)
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
           └─11813 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

Aug 10 22:15:17 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Aug 10 22:15:24 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.

进入mysql

# mysql

[root@localhost ~]# mysql
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)

MySQL服务器初始化（从MySQL 5.7开始）：在服务器初始启动时，如果服务器的数据目录为空，则会发生以下情况：

（1）、服务器已初始化

（2）、在数据目录中生成SSL证书和密钥文件

（3）、该validate_password插件安装并启用

（4）、将'root'@'localhost' 创建一个超级用户帐户。设置超级用户的密码并将其存储在日志文件中。要显示它，请使用以下命令：

# grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log

[root@localhost ~]# grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log
2019-08-10T14:15:20.529782Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: #&kdOvHin6gP
2019-08-10T14:16:10.145451Z 2 [Note] Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)

使用用户名密码进入mysql

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:        #输入初始密码
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.27

Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

输入初始密码进入mysql数据库，此时不能做任何事情，因为MySQL默认必须修改密码之后才能操作数据库

mysql> show databases;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement

修改mysql密码

注意：
MySQL的 validate_password 插件默认安装。这将要求密码包含至少一个大写字母，一个小写字母，一个数字和一个特殊字符，并且密码总长度至少为8个字符。

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements

mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('Admin123!');

mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('Admin123!');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

MySQL完整的初始密码规则可以通过如下命令查看：

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%';

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%';
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| Variable_name                        | Value  |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| validate_password_check_user_name    | OFF    |
| validate_password_dictionary_file    |        |
| validate_password_length             | 8      |
| validate_password_mixed_case_count   | 1      |
| validate_password_number_count       | 1      |
| validate_password_policy             | MEDIUM |
| validate_password_special_char_count | 1      |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
7 rows in set (0.01 sec)

密码的长度是由validate_password_length决定的，而validate_password_length的计算公式是：

validate_password_length = validate_password_number_count + validate_password_special_char_count + (2 * validate_password_mixed_case_count)

如果只想设置简单密码需要修改两个全局参数：

mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;

mysql> set global validate_password_length=1;

mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set global validate_password_length=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

再次查看mysql密码规则

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%';

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%';
+--------------------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name                        | Value |
+--------------------------------------+-------+
| validate_password_check_user_name    | OFF   |
| validate_password_dictionary_file    |       |
| validate_password_length             | 4     |
| validate_password_mixed_case_count   | 1     |
| validate_password_number_count       | 1     |
| validate_password_policy             | LOW   |
| validate_password_special_char_count | 1     |
+--------------------------------------+-------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

此时密码就可以设置的很简单，例如1234之类的

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

设置远程可以登录

授权远程登录

grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%' identified by 'password' with grant option;

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%'IDENTIFIED BY 'password' WITH GRANT OPTION;

第一个是你的用户名root，第二个password是远程的密码

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%' identified by '123456' with grant option

flush命令使配置立即生效

mysql> flush privileges;

mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+---------------+-----------+
| user          | host      |
+---------------+-----------+
| mysql.session | localhost |
| mysql.sys     | localhost |
| root          | localhost |
+---------------+-----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%' identified by '123456' with grant option;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+---------------+-----------+
| user          | host      |
+---------------+-----------+
| root          | %         |
| mysql.session | localhost |
| mysql.sys     | localhost |
| root          | localhost |
+---------------+-----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

或者使用一下语句修改授权远程客户端登录

use mysql;

show tables;

select Host,User from user G

update user set host = '%' where Host = "localhost" and user = "root";

修改一些简单的配置：

默认的字符集是拉丁字符集，每次创建数据库的时候要设置字符集；默认还不支持group by语句，默认的时区也不是我们现在的北京时间(东八区)，会导致我们的时间差了13个点。

打开配置文件，yum安装的默认在/etc文件夹下：/etc/my.cnf

# vi /etc/my.cnf

默认配置如下：

# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

[mysqld]
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0

log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

在[mysqld]下面添加，不需要分号

字符集:注意是utf8而不是utf-8!

character-set-server=utf8

查看mysql字符集

mysql> show variables like 'char%';

默认字符集如下

mysql> show variables like 'char%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | latin1                     |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | latin1                     |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

设置时区为东八区

default-time_zone = '+8:00'

sql支持group by语句

sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION

附yum安装源：

centos7_mysql5.7.repo

[mysql-connectors-community]
name=MySQL Connectors Community
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-connectors-community/el/7/x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

[mysql-tools-community]
name=MySQL Tools Community
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-tools-community/el/7/x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

[mysql57-community]
name=MySQL 5.7 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

参考博客：

CentOS7 yum方式安装MySQL5.7

centos7.4安装MySQL5.7

https://blog.csdn.net/pzl_pzl/article/details/82015144

centos7下使用yum源安装mysql5.7记录

https://www.jianshu.com/p/531cc35b15e7

CentOS7安装MySQL

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