您真的了解UIButton、UILabel 吗

你真的了解UIButton、UILabel 吗?

一:首先查看一下关于UIButton的定义

@class UIImage, UIFont, UIColor, UIImageView, UILabel;

//设置UIButton的样式
typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, UIButtonType) {
    UIButtonTypeCustom = 0,                         // 自定义,无风格
    UIButtonTypeSystem NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0),  // standard system button

    UIButtonTypeDetailDisclosure, //蓝色的披露按钮,可放在任何文字旁
    UIButtonTypeInfoLight,  //微件(widget)使用的小圆圈信息按钮,可以放在任何文字旁
    UIButtonTypeInfoDark,  //白色背景下使用的深色圆圈信息按钮
    UIButtonTypeContactAdd, //蓝色加号(+)按钮,可以放在任何文字旁
    
    UIButtonTypeRoundedRect = UIButtonTypeSystem,   // 白色圆角矩形,类似偏好设置表格单元或者地址簿卡片
};

NS_CLASS_AVAILABLE_IOS(2_0) @interface UIButton : UIControl <NSCoding>

+ (instancetype)buttonWithType:(UIButtonType)buttonType;

@property(nonatomic)          UIEdgeInsets contentEdgeInsets UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR; // 默认值 UIEdgeInsetsZero 所有按钮的内容周围的矩形的内侧或者外侧的边缘
@property(nonatomic)          UIEdgeInsets titleEdgeInsets;                // 默认值UIEdgeInsetsZero 设置文字的EdgeInsets 在按钮标题文本周围矩形的,向内或者向外的边缘
@property(nonatomic)          BOOL         reversesTitleShadowWhenHighlighted; // 默认值NO.当按钮高亮时,是否更改标题阴影
@property(nonatomic)          UIEdgeInsets imageEdgeInsets;                // 默认值 UIEdgeInsetsZero 设置UIButton上的图标间距 属于按钮图片周围矩形的,向内或者向外的边缘
@property(nonatomic)          BOOL         adjustsImageWhenHighlighted;    // 默认值为YES.默认情况下,在按钮被禁用时,图像会被画的颜色深一些。要禁用此功能,请将这个属性设置为NO:
@property(nonatomic)          BOOL         adjustsImageWhenDisabled;       // 默认值为YES.默认情况下,按钮在被禁用时,图像会被画的颜色淡一些。要禁用此功能,请将这个属性设置为NO:
@property(nonatomic)          BOOL         showsTouchWhenHighlighted;      // 默认值为 NO. 这个属性设置为YES,可令按钮在按下时发光
@property(null_resettable, nonatomic,strong)   UIColor     *tintColor NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0); // The tintColor is inherited through the superview hierarchy. See UIView for more information.

//获取当前UIButton的UIButtonType 只读
@property(nonatomic,readonly) UIButtonType buttonType;

//常见的设置属性效果
- (void)setTitle:(nullable NSString *)title forState:(UIControlState)state;                   
- (void)setTitleColor:(nullable UIColor *)color forState:(UIControlState)state UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR; 
- (void)setTitleShadowColor:(nullable UIColor *)color forState:(UIControlState)state UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR; 
- (void)setImage:(nullable UIImage *)image forState:(UIControlState)state;                      
- (void)setBackgroundImage:(nullable UIImage *)image forState:(UIControlState)state UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR; 
- (void)setAttributedTitle:(nullable NSAttributedString *)title forState:(UIControlState)state NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0); // default is nil. title is assumed to be single line

- (nullable NSString *)titleForState:(UIControlState)state;      
- (nullable UIColor *)titleColorForState:(UIControlState)state;
- (nullable UIColor *)titleShadowColorForState:(UIControlState)state;
- (nullable UIImage *)imageForState:(UIControlState)state;
- (nullable UIImage *)backgroundImageForState:(UIControlState)state;
- (nullable NSAttributedString *)attributedTitleForState:(UIControlState)state NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0);

//获取当前UIButton的一些属性值 都为只读
@property(nullable, nonatomic,readonly,strong) NSString *currentTitle;             // normal/highlighted/selected/disabled. can return nil
@property(nonatomic,readonly,strong) UIColor  *currentTitleColor;        // normal/highlighted/selected/disabled. always returns non-nil. default is white(1,1)
@property(nullable, nonatomic,readonly,strong) UIColor  *currentTitleShadowColor;  // normal/highlighted/selected/disabled.
@property(nullable, nonatomic,readonly,strong) UIImage  *currentImage;             // normal/highlighted/selected/disabled. can return nil
@property(nullable, nonatomic,readonly,strong) UIImage  *currentBackgroundImage;   // normal/highlighted/selected/disabled. can return nil
@property(nullable, nonatomic,readonly,strong) NSAttributedString *currentAttributedTitle NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0);  // normal/highlighted/selected/disabled. can return nil


@property(nullable, nonatomic,readonly,strong) UILabel     *titleLabel NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(3_0);
@property(nullable, nonatomic,readonly,strong) UIImageView *imageView  NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(3_0);

//指定背景边界
- (CGRect)backgroundRectForBounds:(CGRect)bounds;
//指定内容边界
- (CGRect)contentRectForBounds:(CGRect)bounds;
//指定文字标题边界
- (CGRect)titleRectForContentRect:(CGRect)contentRect;
//指定按钮图像边界
- (CGRect)imageRectForContentRect:(CGRect)contentRect;
@end

UIButton是继承于UIControl,并且也遵循NSCoding的协议;

知识点1关于UIControlState的Enum

enum{
UIControlStateNormal       0,//常态
UIControlStateHighlighted  = 1 << 0,//高亮
UIControlStateDisabled     = 1 << 1,//禁用
UIControlStateSelected     = 1 << 2,//选中
UIControlStateApplication  = 0x00FF0000,//当应用程序标志使用时
UIControlStateReserved     = 0xFF000000//为内部框架预留的
};
typedef NSUInteger UIControlState;

知识点2contentHorizontalAlignment;可以设置UIButton文字的对齐方式,contentHorizontalAlignment并不是UIButton的属性,而是它父类UIControl的一个属性;

typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, UIControlContentHorizontalAlignment) {
    UIControlContentHorizontalAlignmentCenter = 0,
    UIControlContentHorizontalAlignmentLeft   = 1,
    UIControlContentHorizontalAlignmentRight  = 2,
    UIControlContentHorizontalAlignmentFill   = 3,
};

知识点3forControlEvents参数类型

typedef NS_OPTIONS(NSUInteger, UIControlEvents)
{
UIControlEventTouchDown                 1 <<  0,//单点触摸按下事件:用户点触屏幕,或者又有新手指落下的时候。
UIControlEventTouchDownRepeat      = 1 <<  1,//多点触摸按下事件,点触计数大于1:用户按下第二、三、或第四根手指的时候。
UIControlEventTouchDragInside         = 1 <<  2,//当一次触摸在控件窗口内拖动时。
UIControlEventTouchDragOutside       = 1 <<  3,//当一次触摸在控件窗口之外拖动时。
UIControlEventTouchDragEnter           = 1 <<  4,//当一次触摸从控件窗口之外拖动到内部时
UIControlEventTouchDragExit             = 1 <<  5,//当一次触摸从控件窗口内部拖动到外部时。
UIControlEventTouchUpInside            = 1 <<  6,//所有在控件之内触摸抬起事件
UIControlEventTouchUpOutside          = 1 <<  7,//所有在控件之外触摸抬起事件(点触必须开始与控件内部才会发送通知)。
UIControlEventTouchCancel                = 1 <<  8,//所有触摸取消事件,即一次触摸因为放上了太多手指而被取消,或者被上锁或者电话呼叫打断。
UIControlEventValueChanged             = 1 << 12,//当控件的值发生改变时,发送通知。用于滑块、分段控件、以及其他取值的控件。你可以配置滑块控件何时发送通知,在滑块被放下时发送,或者在被拖动时发送。
UIControlEventEditingDidBegin           = 1 << 16,//当文本控件中开始编辑时发送通知
UIControlEventEditingChanged           = 1 << 17,//当文本控件中的文本被改变时发送通知。
UIControlEventEditingDidEnd              = 1 << 18,//当文本控件中编辑结束时发送通知。
UIControlEventEditingDidEndOnExit    = 1 << 19,//当文本控件内通过按下回车键(或等价行为)结束编辑时,发送通知。
UIControlEventAllTouchEvents             = 0x00000FFF,//通知所有触摸事件。
UIControlEventAllEditingEvents           = 0x000F0000,//通知所有关于文本编辑的事件。
UIControlEventApplicationReserved    = 0x0F000000,//range available for application use
UIControlEventSystemReserved          = 0xF0000000,//range reserved for internal framework use
UIControlEventAllEvents                      = 0xFFFFFFFF//通知所有事件
};

 

二:首先查看一下关于UILabel 的定义

@class UIColor, UIFont;

NS_CLASS_AVAILABLE_IOS(2_0) @interface UILabel : UIView <NSCoding>

@property(nullable, nonatomic,copy)   NSString           *text;            // 设置文本内容
@property(null_resettable, nonatomic,strong) UIFont      *font;            // 设置文本字体,默认是系统17
@property(null_resettable, nonatomic,strong) UIColor     *textColor;       // 设置文本色
@property(nullable, nonatomic,strong) UIColor            *shadowColor;     // 设置文本的阴影
@property(nonatomic)        CGSize             shadowOffset;    // 默认值CGSizeMake(0, -1) 
@property(nonatomic)        NSTextAlignment    textAlignment;   // 默认值 NSTextAlignmentLeft 文字位置排版
@property(nonatomic)        NSLineBreakMode    lineBreakMode;   // default is NSLineBreakByTruncatingTail. used for single and multiple lines of text

// 富文本属性
@property(nullable, nonatomic,copy)   NSAttributedString *attributedText NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0);  // 默认值 nil


@property(nullable, nonatomic,strong)               UIColor *highlightedTextColor; // 默认值 nil
@property(nonatomic,getter=isHighlighted) BOOL     highlighted;          // 默认值 NO

@property(nonatomic,getter=isUserInteractionEnabled) BOOL userInteractionEnabled;  // 默认值为 NO 所以它没有点击事件效果
@property(nonatomic,getter=isEnabled)                BOOL enabled;                 // 默认值为YES.

//行数 0表示不限制
@property(nonatomic) NSInteger numberOfLines;

@property(nonatomic) BOOL adjustsFontSizeToFitWidth;         // 默认值为 NO 文字的大小是否根据宽度来自动调整
@property(nonatomic) UIBaselineAdjustment baselineAdjustment; // default is UIBaselineAdjustmentAlignBaselines
@property(nonatomic) CGFloat minimumScaleFactor NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0); // default is 0.0


@property(nonatomic) BOOL allowsDefaultTighteningForTruncation NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(9_0); // default is NO

//重写UILabel布局
- (CGRect)textRectForBounds:(CGRect)bounds limitedToNumberOfLines:(NSInteger)numberOfLines;
- (void)drawTextInRect:(CGRect)rect;

//这个属性是用来设置多行label的最大宽度的
//当自动布局的时候约束这个label的时候这个属性会起作用
//在自动布局添加约束中,若文本超过了指定的最大宽度的时候 文本会另起一行 从而增加了label的高度
@property(nonatomic) CGFloat preferredMaxLayoutWidth NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0);

// IOS7以后就弃用
@property(nonatomic) CGFloat minimumFontSize NS_DEPRECATED_IOS(2_0, 6_0); // deprecated - use minimumScaleFactor. default is 0.0

// IOS7以后就弃用
@property(nonatomic) BOOL adjustsLetterSpacingToFitWidth NS_DEPRECATED_IOS(6_0,7_0);

@end

UILabel是继承于UIView,并且也遵循NSCoding的协议;

知识点1枚举类型 默认是NSLineBreakByTruncatingTail

NSLineBreakByWordWrapping = 0, 按着一个单词来显示 不会被剪辑剩余的不会被显示
NSLineBreakByCharWrapping,   按着一个字体来显示 不会被剪辑剩余的不会被显示
NSLineBreakByClipping,         把能显示的全显示完 剩下的直接不显示可能有的字显示一半就被剪辑
NSLineBreakByTruncatingHead,   在那一行显示不全的话 那一行 就以 ...abcd模式来显示
NSLineBreakByTruncatingTail,   在那一行显示不全的话 那一行 就以 abcd...模式来显示
NSLineBreakByTruncatingMiddle 在那一行显示不全的话那一行 就以 ab...cd模式来显示

知识点2:textAlignment是设置label的对齐方式是一个枚举,默认是左对齐

NSTextAlignmentLeft=0     左对齐
NSTextAlignmentCenter=1    居中
NSTextAlignmentRight=2     右对齐
NSTextAlignmentJustified=3 左右两边都对齐 一个段落的最后一行是natural-aligned
NSTextAlignmentNatural=4   显示脚本的默认对齐方式

知识点3全部NSMutableAttributedString属性

    NSFontAttributeName;                  //字体,value是UIFont对象
    NSParagraphStyleAttributeName;        //绘图的风格(居中,换行模式,间距等诸多风格),value是NSParagraphStyle对象
    NSForegroundColorAttributeName;       // 文字颜色,value是UIFont对象
    NSBackgroundColorAttributeName;       // 背景色,value是UIFont
    NSLigatureAttributeName;              //  字符连体,value是NSNumber
    NSKernAttributeName;                  // 字符间隔
    NSStrikethroughStyleAttributeName;    //删除线,value是NSNumber
    NSUnderlineStyleAttributeName;        //下划线,value是NSNumber
    NSStrokeColorAttributeName;           //描绘边颜色,value是UIColor
    NSStrokeWidthAttributeName;           //描边宽度,value是NSNumber
    NSShadowAttributeName;                //阴影,value是NSShadow对象
    NSTextEffectAttributeName;            //文字效果,value是NSString
    NSAttachmentAttributeName;            //附属,value是NSTextAttachment 对象
    NSLinkAttributeName;                  //链接,value是NSURL or NSString
    NSBaselineOffsetAttributeName;        //基础偏移量,value是NSNumber对象
    NSUnderlineColorAttributeName;        //下划线颜色,value是UIColor对象
    NSStrikethroughColorAttributeName;    //删除线颜色,value是UIColor
    NSObliquenessAttributeName;           //字体倾斜
    NSExpansionAttributeName;             //字体扁平化
    NSVerticalGlyphFormAttributeName;     //垂直或者水平,value是 NSNumber,0表示水平,1垂直

实例运用:

/************************************************某区域内************************************************************/
NSMutableAttributedString *string = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc]initWithString:@"0元"];
 [string setAttributes:@{NSFontAttributeName:[UIFont systemFontOfSize:14]} range:NSMakeRange(string.length-1, 1)];
 etlbl.attributedText = string;
/************************************************基本用法************************************************************/
    NSString *content = @"内容太多,需要自适应才能解决问题,所以需要写这个扩展类,内容太多,需要自适应才能解决问题,所以需要写这个扩展类";

    NSMutableAttributedString *string = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc]initWithString:content];
    //字体大小
    [string addAttribute:NSFontAttributeName
                   value:[UIFont systemFontOfSize:10]
                   range:NSMakeRange(0, 1)];
    //字体颜色
    [string addAttribute:NSForegroundColorAttributeName
                   value:[UIColor yellowColor]
                   range:NSMakeRange(1, 1)];
    //字体背景颜色
    [string addAttribute:NSBackgroundColorAttributeName
                   value:[UIColor purpleColor]
                   range:NSMakeRange(2, 1)];

    //添加下划线
    [string addAttribute:NSUnderlineStyleAttributeName
                   value:@(NSUnderlineStyleSingle)
                   range:NSMakeRange(3, 1)];
    //添加下划线颜色
    [string addAttribute:NSUnderlineColorAttributeName
                   value:[UIColor redColor]
                   range:NSMakeRange(3, 1)];


    UILabel *etlbl3 = [[UILabel alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(100, 400, 200, 30)];
    etlbl3.attributedText = string;
    [self.view addSubview:etlbl3];

知识点4:iOS的UILabel设置居上对齐,居中对齐,居下对齐

iOS中默认的UILabel中的文字在竖直方向上只能居中对齐,从UILabel继承了一个新类,实现了居上对齐,居中对齐,居下对齐。

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>  
typedef enum  
{  
    VerticalAlignmentTop = 0, // default  
    VerticalAlignmentMiddle,  
    VerticalAlignmentBottom,  
} VerticalAlignment;  
@interface myUILabel : UILabel  
{  
@private  
VerticalAlignment _verticalAlignment;  
}  
  
@property (nonatomic) VerticalAlignment verticalAlignment;  
  
@end  
#import "myUILabel.h"  
  
@implementation myUILabel  
@synthesize verticalAlignment = verticalAlignment_;  
  
- (id)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame {  
    if (self = [super initWithFrame:frame]) {  
        self.verticalAlignment = VerticalAlignmentMiddle;  
    }  
    return self;  
}  
  
- (void)setVerticalAlignment:(VerticalAlignment)verticalAlignment {  
    verticalAlignment_ = verticalAlignment;  
    [self setNeedsDisplay];  
}  
  
- (CGRect)textRectForBounds:(CGRect)bounds limitedToNumberOfLines:(NSInteger)numberOfLines {  
    CGRect textRect = [super textRectForBounds:bounds limitedToNumberOfLines:numberOfLines];  
    switch (self.verticalAlignment) {  
        case VerticalAlignmentTop:  
            textRect.origin.y = bounds.origin.y;  
            break;  
        case VerticalAlignmentBottom:  
            textRect.origin.y = bounds.origin.y + bounds.size.height - textRect.size.height;  
            break;  
        case VerticalAlignmentMiddle:  
            // Fall through.  
        default:  
            textRect.origin.y = bounds.origin.y + (bounds.size.height - textRect.size.height) / 2.0;  
    }  
    return textRect;  
}  
  
-(void)drawTextInRect:(CGRect)requestedRect {  
    CGRect actualRect = [self textRectForBounds:requestedRect limitedToNumberOfLines:self.numberOfLines];  
    [super drawTextInRect:actualRect];  
}  
  
  
@end  

运用(实现左上的效果):

lbl_mylabel = [[myUILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(20, 50, 150, 600)];  
UIColor *color = [UIColor colorWithPatternImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"halfTransparent.png"]];//使用半透明图片作为label的背景色  
lbl_mylabel.backgroundColor = color;  
lbl_mylabel.textAlignment = UITextAlignmentLeft;  
lbl_mylabel.textColor = UIColor.whiteColor;  
lbl_mylabel.lineBreakMode = UILineBreakModeWordWrap;  
lbl_mylabel.numberOfLines = 0;  
[lbl_mylabel setVerticalAlignment:VerticalAlignmentTop];  
[self addSubview:lbl_mylabel]; 

上面的实例就是针对下面两个方法的运用:

- (CGRect)textRectForBounds:(CGRect)bounds limitedToNumberOfLines:(NSInteger)numberOfLines;
- (void)drawTextInRect:(CGRect)rect;

 

1楼DemoWu
很详细