基于Form组件实现的增删改和基于ModelForm实现的增删改 基于Form组件实现的增删改和基于ModelForm实现的增删改

ModelForm
    a.  class Meta:
            model,                           # 对应Model的
            fields=None,                     # 字段
            exclude=None,                    # 排除字段
            labels=None,                     # 提示信息
            help_texts=None,                 # 帮助提示信息
            widgets=None,                    # 自定义插件
            error_messages=None,             # 自定义错误信息（整体错误信息from django.core.exceptions import NON_FIELD_ERRORS）
            field_classes=None               # 自定义字段类 （也可以自定义字段）
            localized_fields=('birth_date',) # 本地化，如：根据不同时区显示数据
            如：
                数据库中
                    2016-12-27 04:10:57
                setting中的配置
                    TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'
                    USE_TZ = True
                则显示：
                    2016-12-27 12:10:57
    b. 验证执行过程
        is_valid -> full_clean -> 钩子 -> 整体错误
c. 字典字段验证
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">def</span><span style="color: #000000;"> clean_字段名(self):
        </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 可以抛出异常</span>
        <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError</span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">新值</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">
d. 用于验证
    model_form_obj </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> XXOOModelForm()
    model_form_obj.is_valid()
    model_form_obj.errors.as_json()
    model_form_obj.clean()
    model_form_obj.cleaned_data
e. 用于创建
    model_form_obj </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> XXOOModelForm(request.POST)
    </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;">### 页面显示，并提交 #####</span>
    <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 默认保存多对多</span>
        obj = form.save(commit=<span style="color: #000000;">True)
    </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 不做任何操作，内部定义 save_m2m（用于保存多对多）</span>
        obj = form.save(commit=<span style="color: #000000;">False)
        obj.save()      </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 保存单表信息</span>
        obj.save_m2m()  <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 保存关联多对多信息</span>

 
    f. 用于更新和初始化
        obj = model.tb.objects.get(id=1)
        model_form_obj = XXOOModelForm(request.POST,instance=obj)
        ...
    PS: 单纯初始化
        model_form_obj </span>= XXOOModelForm(initial={...})</pre>

注意事项：
            - 1. 类 
                  class Foo(ModelForm):
                    class Meta:
                        # model = models.Role
                        # fields = "__all__"
                        # fields = ['caption',]
                        # exclude = ['catpion']
                        model = models.UserType
                        fields = "__all__"
                    error_messages </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> {
                        </span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">title</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>:{<span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">required</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>:<span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">名称不能为空</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>,<span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">invalid</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>:<span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">格式错误</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #000000;">}
                    }
                    widgets </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> {
                        </span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">title</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>:wd.TextInput(attrs={<span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">class</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>:<span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">c1</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #000000;">})
                    }
            
        </span>- 2<span style="color: #000000;">. 添加
             GET:
                form </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> Foo()
             POST:
                form </span>= Foo(data=<span style="color: #000000;">request.POST)
                form.is_valid()
                form.cleaned_data
                form.erros
                form.save()
        </span>- 3<span style="color: #000000;">. 修改
             GET:
                form </span>= Foo(instance=<span style="color: #000000;">obj)
             
             POST:
                form </span>= Foo(instance=obj,dat=<span style="color: #000000;">request.POST)
                ...
                form.save()
                </span></pre>

from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class UserInfo (models.Model):

username = models.CharField(max_length=32)

email = models.EmailField(max_length=32)

ut = models.ForeignKey("UserType")
class UserType (models.Model):

title = models.CharField(max_length=32)

roles = models.ManyToManyField(to="Roles")
def str(self):
return self.title
class Roles(models.Model):

caption = models.CharField(max_length=32)
def str(self):
return self.caption

from django.forms import Form, fields,widgets,ModelForm
from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,HttpResponse
from app01 import models
# Create your views here.
class RoleForm(Form):
    '''利用Form'''
    caption = fields.CharField(required=True,error_messages={"required":True})
def role(request):

role_obj = models.Roles.objects.all()
print(role_obj)
return render(request, "role.html",{"role_obj":role_obj})
# 基于Form实现的
def role_add(request):
'''添加角色'''
if request.method=="GET":

form = RoleForm()
return render(request,"role_add.html",{"form":form})
else:

form = RoleForm(data=request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
print("zzzzz")

caption = form.cleaned_data.get("caption")

models.Roles.objects.create(caption=caption)
# models.Roles.objects.create(**form.cleaned_data)
return redirect("/role/")
else:
return render(request,"role_add.html",{"form":form})

#基于Form实现的编辑
def role_edit(request,nid):
    obj = models.Roles.objects.filter(id=nid).first()
    print(obj.caption)
    if not obj :
        return HttpResponse("页面不存在")
    if request.method=="GET":
        form = RoleForm(initial={"caption":obj.caption})   #编辑的时候需要一个instance，让instance=一个你要编辑的那个对象
    else:
        form = RoleForm(data = request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            models.Roles.objects.filter(id=nid).update(**form.cleaned_data)
            return redirect("/role/")
    return render(request,"role_edit.html",{"form":form})

# 基于ModelForm的添加
class RoleModelForm(ModelForm):
    class Meta:   #这个类必须写，而且名字必须是这个
        model = models.Roles   #这个model也是固定的，注意不加s，
        fields = "__all__"   #代表所有的字段，但是你也可以指定单个的字段
def role_add(request):
if request.method == "GET":

form = RoleModelForm()
return render(request,"role_add.html",{"form":form})
else:

form = RoleModelForm(data=request.POST)
if form.is_valid():

form.save()   #这里直接可以用save方法，就把数据创建了
return redirect("/role/")
else:
return render(request,"role_add.html",{"form":form})

# 多对多的添加
def usertype(request):
    user_type_list = models.UserType.objects.all()
    return render(request,"usertype.html",{'user_type_list':user_type_list})
class UserTypeModelForm(ModelForm):

title = fields.CharField(max_length=6,required=True,widget=widgets.Textarea)   #这个字段是临时添加的，
# 也就是说modelForm也可以用Form的方式。
# 也可以以这样的方式新增字段， 如果有就覆盖，没有就增加；像现在这种情况就是吧下面的给覆盖了，当然没有上面的这个就用下面的了
<span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span><span style="color: #000000;"> Meta:
    model </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> models.UserType
    fields </span>= <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">__all__</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">

    error_messages </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> {
        </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>:{<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">required</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>:<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">用户名不能为空</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>,<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">invalid</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>:<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">邮箱格式不一致</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">}
    }
    widgets </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> {
        </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>:widgets.TextInput(attrs={<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">class</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>:<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">c1</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">})
    }

def usertype_add(request):
'''多对多的添加'''
if request.method=="GET":

modelform = UserTypeModelForm()
return render(request,"usertype_add.html",{"modelform":modelform})
else:

modelform = UserTypeModelForm(data=request.POST)
if modelform.is_valid():

modelform.save()   #也可以用save来实现，就连关系表的字段也都添加了
return redirect("/usertype/")
else:
return render(request, "usertype_add.html", {"modelform": modelform})

# 基于modelForm实现的编辑
def role_edit(request,nid):
    obj = models.Roles.objects.filter(id=nid).first()
    if not obj :
        return HttpResponse("页面不存在")
    if request.method=="GET":
        form = RoleModelForm(instance=obj)   #编辑的时候需要一个instance，让instance=一个你要编辑的那个对象
    else:
        form = RoleModelForm(data = request.POST,instance=obj)
        if form.is_valid:
            form.save()
            return redirect("/role/")
    return render(request,"role_edit.html",{"form":form})

# 多对多的编辑
def usertype(request):
    user_type_list = models.UserType.objects.all()
    return render(request,"usertype.html",{'user_type_list':user_type_list})
class UserTypeModelForm(ModelForm):

title = fields.CharField(max_length=6,required=True,widget=widgets.Textarea)   #这个字段是临时添加的，
# 也就是说modelForm也可以用Form的方式。
# 也可以以这样的方式新增字段， 如果有就覆盖，没有就增加；像现在这种情况就是吧下面的给覆盖了，当然没有上面的这个就用下面的了
<span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span><span style="color: #000000;"> Meta:
    model </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> models.UserType
    fields </span>= <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">__all__</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">

    error_messages </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> {
        </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>:{<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">required</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>:<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">用户名不能为空</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>,<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">invalid</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>:<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">邮箱格式不一致</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">}
    }
    widgets </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> {
        </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>:widgets.TextInput(attrs={<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">class</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>:<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">c1</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">})
    }

def usertype_edit(request,nid):
#查出当前类型用户对应的角色

obj = models.UserType.objects.filter(id =nid).first()
if not obj:
return HttpResponse("页面不存在")
if request.method =="GET":

form = UserTypeModelForm(instance=obj)
return render(request,"usertype_edit.html",{"form":form})
else:

form = UserTypeModelForm(instance=obj,data=request.POST)
if form.is_valid():

form.save()
return redirect("/usertype/")
return render(request,"usertype_edit.html",{"form":form})