系统综合实践 第2次实践作业 一，实现一个自定义的web容器服务 二，实现一个自定义的数据库容器服务 三，遇到的问题和解决方法 四，总结
（1）拉取nginx镜像
sudo docker pull nginx
（2） 查看镜像
sudo docker images
（3） 运行一个nginx容器
sudo docker run --name nginx_test -p 8080:80 -d nginx
（4） 修改默认的default.conf文件，并将配置文件放于一个目录下
- 复制default.conf
sudo docker exec -it [容器id] /bin/bash
cd /etc/nginx/conf.d
cat default.conf
- 设置Dockerfile
- 修改default.conf，端口号修改为5678，并把root修改为mydockerfile
- 设置index.html
- 将三个文件放于同一个目录mydockerfile之下
（5） 构建nginx镜像，并运行容器
docker build -t newnginx .
docker run --name newnginx -p 7878:5678 -d newnginx
（6） 查看index.html
二，实现一个自定义的数据库容器服务
(1)拉取一个mysql镜像（选择Mysql 5.7版本）：
sudo docker pull mysql:5.7
(2)接着编辑构建mysql镜像所需的文件（mysql目录中包含Dockerfile、setup.sh、schema.sql以及
privileges.sql这四个文件）
- 编辑Dockerfile文件
from mysql:5.7
maintainer JOKER
ENV MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD no
ENV MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456
COPY setup.sh /mysql/setup.sh
COPY schema.sql /mysql/schema.sql
COPY privileges.sql /mysql/privileges.sql
CMD ["sh", "/mysql/setup.sh"]
- 编辑导入数据的mysql脚本命令schema.sql
# 创建数据库
create database `docker_mysql` default character set utf8 collate utf8_general_ci;
use docker_mysql;
# 建表
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS user;
CREATE TABLE user (
`id` varchar(9) NOT NULL,
`name` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
`age` smallint NOT NULL,
`sdept` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
# 插入数据
INSERT INTO user (`id`, `name`, `age`, `sdept`)
VALUES
('031702444','lsj',21,'CS');
- 编辑启动脚本setup.sh
#!/bin/bash
set -e
#查看mysql服务的状态，方便调试，这条语句可以删除
echo `service mysql status`
echo '1.启动mysql....'
#启动mysql
service mysql start
sleep 3
echo `service mysql status`
echo '2.开始导入数据....'
#导入数据
mysql < /mysql/schema.sql
echo '3.导入数据完毕....'
sleep 3
echo `service mysql status`
#重新设置mysql密码
echo '4.开始修改密码....'
mysql < /mysql/privileges.sql
echo '5.修改密码完毕....'
#sleep 3
echo `service mysql status`
echo `mysql容器启动完毕,且数据导入成功`
tail -f /dev/null
- 编辑mysql权限设置文件privileges.sql
use mysql;
select host, user from user;
create user lsj identified by '123456';
-- 将docker_mysql数据库的权限授权给创建的用户lsj，密码为123456：
grant all on docker_mysql.* to lsj@'%' identified by '123456' with grant option;
-- 这一条命令一定要有：
flush privileges;
(3)在mysql文件所在的目录下创建镜像：
- 创建镜像
sudo docker build -t newmysql .
- 查看镜像是否成功创建
sudo docker images
- 运行容器
sudo docker run --name newmysql -p 3456:3456 -d newmysql
- 查看此时正在运行的容器
sudo docker ps
- 查看日志信息
sudo docker logs newmysql
- 进入创建的容器
sudo docker exec -it newmysql /bin/bash
- 使用设定的用户名和密码进入数据库
mysql -u lsj -p
- 查看已存在的数据库
show databases;
- 进入docker_mysql数据库并查看所创建的表
select * from user;
- 查看mysql的配置信息
show var iables;
- 查看容器的配置信息
sudo docker inspect newmysql
[
{
"Id": "b22370a7d51bdefa22472302dc94b2a015b1072ebe04ae42396e815c70252168",
"Created": "2020-04-24T18:02:15.815383271Z",
"Path": "docker-entrypoint.sh",
"Args": [
"sh",
"/mysql/setup.sh"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 7455,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2020-04-24T18:02:16.44750932Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:c8296f86cfda488c6bf056b4093f3dd97300b74b7cc38a384d879518cc2ddc4a",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/b22370a7d51bdefa22472302dc94b2a015b1072ebe04ae42396e815c70252168/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/b22370a7d51bdefa22472302dc94b2a015b1072ebe04ae42396e815c70252168/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/b22370a7d51bdefa22472302dc94b2a015b1072ebe04ae42396e815c70252168/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/b22370a7d51bdefa22472302dc94b2a015b1072ebe04ae42396e815c70252168/b22370a7d51bdefa22472302dc94b2a015b1072ebe04ae42396e815c70252168-json.log",
"Name": "/newmysql",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "docker-default",
"ExecIDs": [
"89d6aaa6504f404c3820f8bed2e27cba5865e723f1c17f3e34654def12f311b4"
],
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {
"3456/tcp": [
{
"HostIp": "",
"HostPort": "3456"
}
]
},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "shareable",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DiskQuota": 0,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": 0,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9b93c85088bdaff2cb7db39db1787781a11e43a85d098ab50182ddb6f4347b3e-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/91ef72cacfbe696723fe8c8c3d54d78b3cd6e4db43394b95f57efeedc2ff3e5b/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b95adc5254e184196112f32dde827a6c22114ec27066c7d9068d11cbbb6498d9/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d41a19e21d181640987a187d175c3c85eaee26ecd138503a4370ad2a1742c0bb/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1b6c04e10a51f3a0b4d9f63d7e6538c9dacecf93dcbff7ad410473836f89ee35/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/38b7923596f26a2446fc7030cc17e9aea7bf0d4cb96e1c037318d4d78cab0857/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/8f97c08c64b0e5dd0d7f07c7fb9ef30b01c6c9fabbf3e7a0b60b96c35e399c90/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7865fbcde60a5766eaae4c1e8d856041d6b2293b410d04c6eb170a7bd5f539b4/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5cb5e11182b0c94313468bc40cae1849ba6e893e2eae5a4b26e2679ab6e3ec17/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/734916a39088f1c3ebade138cfc6c5c1a90f58abe31f18a8bd79fd5b399ab99e/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2fde95d829b3016f3fa65fa41f502907f2b3a22748033461660b714addf54f5b/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e167713325a3520650330c86ad36930f758013f0002e27570d70147fc18ca387/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/bcd669a8464bc1e8f63f36ee6296b30a8eb56bb79a2c76fbd3dcaae4ac6a8029/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c9e79f668f7f1ba466e592c4c955c68f55947c1d54722ad3d4ee82c3f69cdf4a/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/36d26e28ec1d5defacdeff03317be4e112c239074b7fd15f6008d21a9854fe0d/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9b93c85088bdaff2cb7db39db1787781a11e43a85d098ab50182ddb6f4347b3e/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9b93c85088bdaff2cb7db39db1787781a11e43a85d098ab50182ddb6f4347b3e/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9b93c85088bdaff2cb7db39db1787781a11e43a85d098ab50182ddb6f4347b3e/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [
{
"Type": "volume",
"Name": "38d0afab64c4d02e804c943e7f83c4f49fcd5e2a686551080caf719ddef35ea3",
"Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/38d0afab64c4d02e804c943e7f83c4f49fcd5e2a686551080caf719ddef35ea3/_data",
"Destination": "/var/lib/mysql",
"Driver": "local",
"Mode": "",
"RW": true,
"Propagation": ""
}
],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "b22370a7d51b",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"ExposedPorts": {
"3306/tcp": {},
"33060/tcp": {},
"3456/tcp": {}
},
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
"GOSU_VERSION=1.12",
"MYSQL_MAJOR=5.7",
"MYSQL_VERSION=5.7.29-1debian10",
"MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD=no",
"MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456"
],
"Cmd": [
"sh",
"/mysql/setup.sh"
],
"ArgsEscaped": true,
"Image": "newmysql",
"Volumes": {
"/var/lib/mysql": {}
},
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": [
"docker-entrypoint.sh"
],
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "de208a0a790c4dd68867ca6eac343414259dedf989d5c469ae25e20cc9ab2537",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {
"3306/tcp": null,
"33060/tcp": null,
"3456/tcp": [
{
"HostIp": "0.0.0.0",
"HostPort": "3456"
}
]
},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/de208a0a790c",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "4335480cffe9b3f9badfd6c0cce6158230026b6d1f304873e1ece63dee9639c1",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.4",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:04",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "0733516f6077aa39ed8675be040802c68e7c53fd4d09e82aa8ba571943f1362d",
"EndpointID": "4335480cffe9b3f9badfd6c0cce6158230026b6d1f304873e1ece63dee9639c1",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.4",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:04",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
三，遇到的问题和解决方法
问题：在一开始的时候，由于构建了错误的新的newnginx镜像，没有修改名字，和原始镜像nginx重
名，使得原始镜像的TAG编程NONE，无法使用。
有时候重新构建镜像的时候，该镜像正在被某容器使用中，那么在重新构建同名同版本镜像后，docker保留原来的镜像，即容器还是用原来的，除非重启。 那么原来的镜像名称变成NONE，TAG也成了NONE。
解决方法
列出所有的容器 ID：
docker ps -a -q
删除前应该停止所有的容器：
docker stop $(docker ps -a -q)
批量删除tag为"
docker rmi $(docker images | grep "^<none>" | awk "{print $3}")
docker images | grep none | awk '{print $3}' | xargs docker rmi
注:
删除所有停止的容器：
docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)
删除所有的镜像：
docker rmi $(docker images -q)
四，总结
在实验过程中由于粗心大意，把个别配置写错， 导致不断地返工，要恢复删除容器和镜像恢复原始的环境，经过不断磕磕碰碰，终于搞定了实验，复习巩固了实践1的基本操作，对实践2中的整体操作框架和细节也有了完整的认识。