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entityframework学习笔记--008-实体数据建模基础之继承关系映射TPH

分类: IT文章 • 2023-11-07 13:56:25

Table per Hierarchy Inheritance 建模

1.让我们假设你有如图8-1中的表，Employee表包含hourly employees 和salaried employees的行。列EmployeeType作为鉴别列，鉴别这两种员工类型的行。 当EmployeType为1时，这一行代表一个专职员工(salaried or full-time employee)，当值为2时，这一行代码一个钟点工（hourly employee).

entityframework学习笔记--008-实体数据建模基础之继承关系映射TPH

图8-1

2.右键你的项目，添加上图中的poco实体。如下：

[Table("Employee", Schema = "example8")]
    public abstract class Employee
    {
        [Key]
        [DatabaseGenerated(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity)]
        public int EmployeeId { get; protected set; }
        public string FirstName { get; set; }
        public string LastName { get; set; }
    }
Employee 
public class FullTimeEmployee : Employee
    {
        public decimal? Salary { get; set; }
    }
FullTimeEmployee 
public class HourlyEmployee : Employee
    {
        public decimal? Wage { get; set; }
    }
HourlyEmployee

3.创建一个继承自DbContext的上下文对象EF6RecipesContext；

public class EF6RecipesContext : DbContext
    {
        public DbSet<Employee> Employees { get; set; }
        public EF6RecipesContext()
            : base("name=EF6CodeFirstRecipesContext")
        {
        }
        protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder);
            modelBuilder.Entity<Employee>()
            .Map<FullTimeEmployee>(m => m.Requires("EmployeeType").HasValue(1))
            .Map<HourlyEmployee>(m => m.Requires("EmployeeType").HasValue(2));//如果去掉这两个map，会发现程序也能正常运行，并且在Employee表中生成了一个额外属性“Discriminator”
        }
    }

4.测试代码：

 1 using (var context = new EF6RecipesContext())
 2             {
 3                 var fte = new FullTimeEmployee
 4                 {
 5                     FirstName = "Jane",
 6                     LastName = "Doe",
 7                     Salary = 71500M
 8                 };
 9                 context.Employees.Add(fte);
10                 fte = new FullTimeEmployee
11                 {
12                     FirstName = "John",
13                     LastName = "Smith",
14                     Salary = 62500M
15                 };
16                 context.Employees.Add(fte);
17                 var hourly = new HourlyEmployee
18                 {
19                     FirstName = "Tom",
20                     LastName = "Jones",
21                     Wage = 8.75M
22                 };
23                 context.Employees.Add(hourly);
24                 context.SaveChanges();
25             }
26             using (var context = new EF6RecipesContext())
27             {
28                 Console.WriteLine("--- All Employees ---");
29                 foreach (var emp in context.Employees)
30                 {
31                     bool fullTime = emp is HourlyEmployee ? false : true;
32                     Console.WriteLine("{0} {1} ({2})", emp.FirstName, emp.LastName,
33                     fullTime ? "Full Time" : "Hourly");
34                 }
35                 Console.WriteLine("--- Full Time ---");
36                 foreach (var fte in context.Employees.OfType<FullTimeEmployee>())
37                 {
38                     Console.WriteLine("{0} {1}", fte.FirstName, fte.LastName);
39                 }
40                 Console.WriteLine("--- Hourly ---");
41                 foreach (var hourly in context.Employees.OfType<HourlyEmployee>())
42                 {
43                     Console.WriteLine("{0} {1}", hourly.FirstName, hourly.LastName);
44                 }
45             }
View Code

输出如下：

--- All Employees ---Jane Doe (Full Time)
John Smith (Full Time)
Tom Jones (Hourly)
--- Full Time ---Jane Doe
John Smith
--- Hourly ---Tom Jones

5.注意看步骤3中的注释，如果注释掉“OnModelCreating”中的内容，查询Employee生成的sql如下：
SELECT 
    [Extent1].[Discriminator] AS [Discriminator], 
    [Extent1].[EmployeeId] AS [EmployeeId], 
    [Extent1].[FirstName] AS [FirstName], 
    [Extent1].[LastName] AS [LastName], 
    [Extent1].[Salary] AS [Salary], 
    [Extent1].[Wage] AS [Wage]
    FROM [example8].[Employee] AS [Extent1]
    WHERE [Extent1].[Discriminator] IN (N'FullTimeEmployee',N'HourlyEmployee')
其实“TPT”与“TPH”的关系可以简单的理解成，是否子类与父类映射到同一张表。“TPT”相对灵活，单查询时使用了join，性能自然而然会有稍微影响；“TPH” 它将整个继承类型存储在一张单独的表中，他解决了TPT中的join连接问题，并带来了好的性能。但牺牲了数据库的灵活性。

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