项目

C

TC

Boume

bash

Korn

别名

是

是

否

是

是

高级模式匹配

否

否

否

是

是

命令行编辑

否

是

否

是

是

目录栈

是

是

否

是

否

文件名补全

是^[*]

是

否

是

是

函数

否

否

是

是

是

历史

是

是

否

是

是

作业控制

是

是

否

是

是

键绑定

否

是

否

是

否

格式化提示符

否

是

否

是

否

拼写纠正

否

是

否

是

否

特性

C/TC

Bourne

bash

Korn

shell结构

shbang行

#!/bin/csh

#!/bin/tcsh

/bin/sh

#!/bin/bash

#!/bin/ksh

注释

# this is comment

# this is comment

# this is comment

# this is comment

变量

局部变量赋值

set x=5

x=5

x=5

x=5

环境变量

setenv VAR value

NAME=’Bob’

export NAME

export NAME=’Bob’

export NAME=’Bob’

访问变量

echo $NAME

echo $NAME

echo $NAME

echo $NAME 或print $NAME

字符个数

echo $%var

N/A

${#var}

${#var}

进程PID

$$

$$

$$

$$

退出状态

$status,$?

$?

$?

$?

前一个后台作业

$!(tcsh only)

$!

$!

$!

数组

给数组赋值

set x=( a b c )

N/A

y[0]=’a’;y[1]=’b’

y[0]=’a’;y[1]=’b’

访问数组元素

echo $x[1]

N/A

echo ${y[0]}

print ${y[0]}

I/O

读取输入

set var=$<

read var

read var

read var

算术

执行计算

@var = 5 + 1

var=`expre 5 + 1`

(( n = 5+ 5))

(( n = 5+ 5))

初始化文件

登录时执行

.login

.profile

.bash_profile

.profile

每次调用shell 时

.cshrc

N/A

.bashrc

.kshrc

编程结构

if条件语句

if(exp) then

  commands

endif

if{ ( command ) } then

        commands

endif

if[ exp ] then

  commands

fi

if command then

     commands

fi

if[[ string exp ]] then

  commands

fi

if((numeric exp))

then

        commands

fi

if[[ string exp ]] then

  commands

fi

if((numeric exp))

then

        commands

fi

goto

goto label

N/A

N/A

N/A

switch/case

switch(“$value”)

case pattern1:

       commands

       breaksw

case pattern2:

       commands

       breaksw

default:

       commands

       breaksw

endsw

case “$value” in

pattern1)

       commands

       ;;

pattern2)

       commands

       ;;

*) commands

       ;;

esac

case “$value” in

pattern1)

       commands

       ;;

pattern2)

       commands

       ;;

*) commands

       ;;

esac

case “$value” in

pattern1)

       commands

       ;;

pattern2)

       commands

       ;;

*) commands

       ;;

esac

while

while(expression)

commands

end

while command

do

     command

done

while command

do

     command

done

while command

do

     command

done

for/foreach

foreach var(list)

commands

end

for var in list

do

commands

done

for var in list

do

commands

done

for var in list

do

commands

done

until

N/A

until command

do

    commands

done

until command

do

    commands

done

until command

do

    commands

done

repeat

repeat 3 “echo hello”

hello

hello

hello

N/A

N/A

N/A

select

N/A

N/A

select var in list

do

     commands

done

select var in list

do

     commands

done

函数

N/A

fun()

{commands ;}

fun

fun parm1 param2….

function fun()

{commands ;}

function fun{commands;}

fun

fun parm1 param2….

function fun()

{commands ;}

function fun{commands;}

fun

fun parm1 param2….

(待续)