python中的__init__ 、__new__、__call__等内置函数的剖析

1.__new__(cls, *args, **kwargs)  

创建对象时调用,返回当前对象的一个实例;注意:这里的第一个参数是cls即class本身
2.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)

创建完对象后调用,对当前对象的实例的一些初始化,无返回值,即在调用__new__之后,根据返回的实例初始化;注意,这里的第一个参数是self即对象本身【注意和new的区别】
3.__call__(self,  *args, **kwargs)

如果类实现了这个方法,相当于把这个类型的对象当作函数来使用,相当于 重载了括号运算符

#__conding:utf-8__

class Person:
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name
    def sayHi(self):
        print("Hello my name is:%s" %self.name)

p = Person("wuyanlong")
p.sayHi()


class P(object):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        print "init"
        super(P,self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        print "new", cls
        return super(P, cls).__new__(cls ,*args, **kwargs)
    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        print "call"

pp = P()
print "__________"
pp()

运行结果:

***:~/Python爬虫/class$ python calss1.py 
Hello my name is:wuyanlong
new <class '__main__.P'>
init
__________
call

4. __getattr__:

从对象中读取某个属性时,首先需要从self.__dicts__中搜索该属性,再从__getattr__中查找。

class A(object): 
    def __init__(self): 
        self.name = 'from __dicts__: zdy' 
 
    def __getattr__(self, item): 
        if item == 'name': 
            return 'from __getattr__: zdy' 
        elif item == 'age': 
            return 26 
 
a = A() 
print a.name # 从__dict__里获得的 
print a.age # 从__getattr__获得的

5. __setattr__

class A(object):
    def __setattr__(self, *args, **kwargs): 
        print 'call func set attr' 
        return object.__setattr__(self, *args, **kwargs) 

6. __delattr__

函数式用来删除对象的属性:

class A(object):
    def __delattr__(self, *args, **kwargs): 
        print 'call func del attr' 
        return object.__delattr__(self, *args, **kwargs)