MYSQL 入门操作学习指南（筑库，建表 增删改查 、表结构修改、函数、字符集校对等）
MYSQL 数据库的操作二
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登录数据库 |
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C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.5.20 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
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显示数据库 |
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mysql> show databases ; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mrzhou | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | | tt | +--------------------+ 6 rows in set (0.05 sec) |
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创建数据库并且指定指定字符集 |
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mysql> create database mysql_mr default character set utf8; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mrzhou | | mysql | | mysql_mr | | performance_schema | | test | | tt | +--------------------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec) |
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创建表并且指定字符集 |
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mysql> create table user(id int(10) unsigned primary key auto_increment,name var char(60),age tinyint(2)) default character set utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)
mysql> desc user; +-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | id | int(10) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | | name | varchar(60) | YES | | NULL | | | age | tinyint(2) | YES | | NULL | | +-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ 3 rows in set (0.01 sec) |
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查询数据库的字符集等相关信息 |
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mysql> status; -------------- mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.5.20, for Win32 (x86)
Connection id: 2 Current database: mysql_mr Current user: root@localhost SSL: Not in use Using delimiter: ; Server version: 5.5.20 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Protocol version: 10 Connection: localhost via TCP/IP Server characterset: latin1 Db characterset: utf8 Client characterset: latin1 Conn. characterset: latin1 TCP port: 3306 Uptime: 1 hour 4 min 28 sec
Threads: 1 Questions: 21 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 36 Flush tables: 1 Open tab les: 1 Queries per second avg: 0.005 -------------- |
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MYSQL 的数据类型 |
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整型 tinyint 1字节 -128~127（有符号） 0~255(无符号) smallint 2字节 -32768-32767 0~65535 (无符号) mediumint 3字节 -8388608~8388607 0~16777215(无符号) int 4字节 -2147483648 ~2147483647 0~4294967295(无符号) bigint 8字节 （-9233372036854775808，9233372036854775808） 浮点数 Float 4个字节 -3.402823466E+381.175494351E Double 8个字节 Decimal（M,N） M表示整个数量 N表示小数位数 字符串 NULL 不确定的值 |
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mysql> create table fe(price decimal(5,2)); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)
mysql> desc fe; +-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | price | decimal(5,2) | YES | | NULL | | +-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.03 sec)
mysql> insert into fe values(3.21234) -> ; Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.03 sec)
mysql> select * from fe; +-------+ | price | +-------+ | 3.21 | +-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) |
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修改数据类型 |
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mysql> alter table fe modify price decimal(10,5); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.23 sec) Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> insert into fe values(3.21234) -> ; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> select * from fe; +---------+ | price | +---------+ | 3.21000 | | 3.21234 | +---------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) |
MYSQL 简单查询
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mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mrzhou | | mysql | | mysql_mr | | performance_schema | | test | | tt | +--------------------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use mrzhou; Database changed mysql> create table stu(id int(10) primary key auto_increment,sname char(30) not null,sex tinyint(1) default 0,qq varchar(255)) default character set utf8 engin e myisam; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec) |
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插入数据 |
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mysql> DESC stu; +-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | id | int(10) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | | sname | char(30) | NO | | NULL | | | sex | tinyint(1) | YES | | 0 | | | qq | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | | +-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into stu(sname,sex,qq) values("mrzhou",0,3234224); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into stu(sname,sex,qq) values("stephenzhou",0,333468834); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into stu(sname,sex,qq) values("李四",1,893468834); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into stu(sname,sex,qq) values("李花",1,82468834); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from stu; +----+-------------+------+-----------+ | id | sname | sex | qq | +----+-------------+------+-----------+ | 1 | mrzhou | 0 | 3234224 | | 2 | stephenzhou | 0 | 333468834 | | 3 | 李四 | 1 | 893468834 | | 4 | 李花 | 1 | 82468834 | +----+-------------+------+-----------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) |
查询where
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mysql> select * from stu where sname ="李四"; +----+-------+------+-----------+ | id | sname | sex | qq | +----+-------+------+-----------+ | 3 | 李四 | 1 | 893468834 | +----+-------+------+-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) |
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Like查询 |
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mysql> select * from stu where sname like "李%"; +----+-------+------+-----------+ | id | sname | sex | qq | +----+-------+------+-----------+ | 3 | 李四 | 1 | 893468834 | | 4 | 李花 | 1 | 82468834 | +----+-------+------+-----------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from stu where sname like "%s%"; +----+-------------+------+-----------+ | id | sname | sex | qq | +----+-------------+------+-----------+ | 2 | stephenzhou | 0 | 333468834 | +----+-------------+------+-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) |
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mysql> select * from stu where qq like "3%" -> ; +----+-------------+------+-----------+ | id | sname | sex | qq | +----+-------------+------+-----------+ | 1 | mrzhou | 0 | 3234224 | | 2 | stephenzhou | 0 | 333468834 | +----+-------------+------+-----------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from stu where qq like "%3%"; +----+-------------+------+-----------+ | id | sname | sex | qq | +----+-------------+------+-----------+ | 1 | mrzhou | 0 | 3234224 | | 2 | stephenzhou | 0 | 333468834 | | 3 | 李四 | 1 | 893468834 | | 4 | 李花 | 1 | 82468834 | +----+-------------+------+-----------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) |
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If三元表达式 |
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mysql> select sname,if(sex,"小伙子","小姑娘"),qq from stu; +-------------+---------------------------+-----------+ | sname | if(sex,"小伙子","小姑娘") | qq | +-------------+---------------------------+-----------+ | mrzhou | 小姑娘 | 3234224 | | stephenzhou | 小姑娘 | 333468834 | | 李四 | 小伙子 | 893468834 | | 李花 | 小伙子 | 82468834 | +-------------+---------------------------+-----------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) |
As列名
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mysql> select sname,if(sex,"小伙子","小姑娘") as sex ,qq from stu; +-------------+--------+-----------+ | sname | sex | qq | +-------------+--------+-----------+ | mrzhou | 小姑娘 | 3234224 | | stephenzhou | 小姑娘 | 333468834 | | 李四 | 小伙子 | 893468834 | | 李花 | 小伙子 | 82468834 | +-------------+--------+-----------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) |
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连接字符串 concat |
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mysql> select concat("姓名:",sname,"性别:",if(sex,"男","女"),"QQ:",qq) from stu;
+----------------------+ | concat("姓名:",sname,"性别:",if(sex,"男","女"),"QQ:",qq) | +----------------------+ | 姓名:mrzhou性别:女QQ:3234224 | | 姓名:stephenzhou性别:女QQ:333468834 | | 姓名:李四性别:男QQ:893468834 | | 姓名:李花性别:男QQ:82468834 | +----------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) |
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条件和列的别名 |
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mysql> select concat("姓名:",sname,"性别:",if(sex,"男","女"),"QQ:",qq)as stuinfo from stu -> where sex =0; +-------------------------------------+ | stuinfo | +-------------------------------------+ | 姓名:mrzhou性别:女QQ:3234224 | | 姓名:stephenzhou性别:女QQ:333468834 | +-------------------------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) |
增加表字段
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mysql> alter table stu add birday date; Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.08 sec) Records: 4 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc stu; +--------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | id | int(10) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | | sname | char(30) | NO | | NULL | | | sex | tinyint(1) | YES | | 0 | | | qq | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | | | birday | date | YES | | NULL | | +--------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) |
表的更新
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mysql> update stu set birday ="1990/2/23"; Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 4 Changed: 4 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from stu; +----+-------------+------+-----------+------------+ | id | sname | sex | qq | birday | +----+-------------+------+-----------+------------+ | 1 | mrzhou | 0 | 3234224 | 1990-02-23 | | 2 | stephenzhou | 0 | 333468834 | 1990-02-23 | | 3 | 李四 | 1 | 893468834 | 1990-02-23 | | 4 | 李花 | 1 | 82468834 | 1990-02-23 | +----+-------------+------+-----------+------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) |
排序
Limit
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mysql> select * from stu order by id desc limit 2 ; +----+-------+------+-----------+------------+ | id | sname | sex | qq | birday | +----+-------+------+-----------+------------+ | 4 | 李花 | 1 | 82468834 | 1990-02-23 | | 3 | 李四 | 1 | 893468834 | 1990-02-23 | +----+-------+------+-----------+------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) |
利用limit取按id倒序倒数第2条记录
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mysql> select * from stu order by id desc limit 1,1; +----+-------+------+-----------+------------+ | id | sname | sex | qq | birday | +----+-------+------+-----------+------------+ | 3 | 李四 | 1 | 893468834 | 1990-02-23 | +----+-------+------+-----------+------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from stu order by id desc; +----+-------------+------+-----------+------------+ | id | sname | sex | qq | birday | +----+-------------+------+-----------+------------+ | 4 | 李花 | 1 | 82468834 | 1990-02-23 | | 3 | 李四 | 1 | 893468834 | 1990-02-23 | | 2 | stephenzhou | 0 | 333468834 | 1990-02-02 | | 1 | mrzhou | 0 | 3234224 | 1990-02-23 | +----+-------------+------+-----------+------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) |
通过Distinct或者group by 过滤重复的记录
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mysql> select year(birday) s from stu; +------+ | s | +------+ | 1990 | | 1990 | | 1990 | | 1990 | +------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select year(birday) s from stu group by s; +------+ | s | +------+ | 1990 | +------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select distinct year(birday) s from stu ; +------+ | s | +------+ | 1990 | +------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) |
MYSQL 字符集utf8 gbk big5
二进制 binary varbinary blob
声音图像等二进制数据
非二进制 char varchar text
字符集的概念
Gbk gb2312 utf8 big5 等
查询mysql支持的字符集
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mysql> show character set; +----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+ | Charset | Description | Default collation | Maxlen | +----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+ | big5 | Big5 Traditional Chinese | big5_chinese_ci | 2 | | dec8 | DEC West European | dec8_swedish_ci | 1 | | cp850 | DOS West European | cp850_general_ci | 1 | | hp8 | HP West European | hp8_english_ci | 1 | | koi8r | KOI8-R Relcom Russian | koi8r_general_ci | 1 | | latin1 | cp1252 West European | latin1_swedish_ci | 1 | | latin2 | ISO 8859-2 Central European | latin2_general_ci | 1 | | swe7 | 7bit Swedish | swe7_swedish_ci | 1 | | ascii | US ASCII | ascii_general_ci | 1 | | ujis | EUC-JP Japanese | ujis_japanese_ci | 3 | | sjis | Shift-JIS Japanese | sjis_japanese_ci | 2 | | hebrew | ISO 8859-8 Hebrew | hebrew_general_ci | 1 | | tis620 | TIS620 Thai | tis620_thai_ci | 1 | | euckr | EUC-KR Korean | euckr_korean_ci | 2 | | koi8u | KOI8-U Ukrainian | koi8u_general_ci | 1 | | gb2312 | GB2312 Simplified Chinese | gb2312_chinese_ci | 2 | | greek | ISO 8859-7 Greek | greek_general_ci | 1 | | cp1250 | Windows Central European | cp1250_general_ci | 1 | | gbk | GBK Simplified Chinese | gbk_chinese_ci | 2 | | latin5 | ISO 8859-9 Turkish | latin5_turkish_ci | 1 | | armscii8 | ARMSCII-8 Armenian | armscii8_general_ci | 1 | | utf8 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8_general_ci | 3 | | ucs2 | UCS-2 Unicode | ucs2_general_ci | 2 | | cp866 | DOS Russian | cp866_general_ci | 1 | | keybcs2 | DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak | keybcs2_general_ci | 1 | | macce | Mac Central European | macce_general_ci | 1 | | macroman | Mac West European | macroman_general_ci | 1 | | cp852 | DOS Central European | cp852_general_ci | 1 | | latin7 | ISO 8859-13 Baltic | latin7_general_ci | 1 | | utf8mb4 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8mb4_general_ci | 4 | | cp1251 | Windows Cyrillic | cp1251_general_ci | 1 | | utf16 | UTF-16 Unicode | utf16_general_ci | 4 | | cp1256 | Windows Arabic | cp1256_general_ci | 1 | | cp1257 | Windows Baltic | cp1257_general_ci | 1 | | utf32 | UTF-32 Unicode | utf32_general_ci | 4 | | binary | Binary pseudo charset | binary | 1 | | geostd8 | GEOSTD8 Georgian | geostd8_general_ci | 1 | | cp932 | SJIS for Windows Japanese | cp932_japanese_ci | 2 | | eucjpms | UJIS for Windows Japanese | eucjpms_japanese_ci | 3 | +----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+ 39 rows in set (0.00 sec) |
设置字段的字符集
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mysql> create table demo (name varchar(30) character set utf8,name2 varchar(30)c haracter set gbk); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.16 sec)
mysql> show create table demo; +-------+----------------------------------- -------------------------------------------- ------------------+ | Table | Create Table
| +-------+----------------------------------- -------------------------------------------- ------------------+ | demo | CREATE TABLE `demo` ( `name` varchar(30) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL, `name2` varchar(30) CHARACTER SET gbk DEFAULT NULL ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 | +-------+----------------------------------- -------------------------------------------- ------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) |
字符集的长度
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mysql> select length(name),length(name2) from demo; +--------------+---------------+ | length(name) | length(name2) | +--------------+---------------+ | 1 | 0 | | 1 | 1 | | 1 | 1 | | 4 | 1 | | 4 | 1 | +--------------+---------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) |
字节长度
字符长度
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mysql> select char_length(name),char_length(name2) from demo; +-------------------+--------------------+ | char_length(name) | char_length(name2) | +-------------------+--------------------+ | 1 | 0 | | 1 | 1 | | 1 | 1 | | 2 | 1 | | 2 | 1 | +-------------------+--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) |
查看字符集的校对规则
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mysql> show collation -> ; +-----------------------+----------+-----+---------+----------+---------+ | Collation | Charset | Id | Default | Compiled | Sortlen | +-----------------------+----------+-----+---------+----------+---------+ | big5_chinese_ci | big5 | 1 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | big5_bin | big5 | 84 | | Yes | 1 | | dec8_swedish_ci | dec8 | 3 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | dec8_bin | dec8 | 69 | | Yes | 1 | | cp850_general_ci | cp850 | 4 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | cp850_bin | cp850 | 80 | | Yes | 1 | | hp8_english_ci | hp8 | 6 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | hp8_bin | hp8 | 72 | | Yes | 1 | | koi8r_general_ci | koi8r | 7 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | koi8r_bin | koi8r | 74 | | Yes | 1 | | latin1_german1_ci | latin1 | 5 | | Yes | 1 | | latin1_swedish_ci | latin1 | 8 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | latin1_danish_ci | latin1 | 15 | | Yes | 1 | | latin1_german2_ci | latin1 | 31 | | Yes | 2 | | latin1_bin | latin1 | 47 | | Yes | 1 | | latin1_general_ci | latin1 | 48 | | Yes | 1 | | latin1_general_cs | latin1 | 49 | | Yes | 1 | | latin1_spanish_ci | latin1 | 94 | | Yes | 1 | | latin2_czech_cs | latin2 | 2 | | Yes | 4 | | latin2_general_ci | latin2 | 9 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | latin2_hungarian_ci | latin2 | 21 | | Yes | 1 | | latin2_croatian_ci | latin2 | 27 | | Yes | 1 | | latin2_bin | latin2 | 77 | | Yes | 1 | | swe7_swedish_ci | swe7 | 10 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | swe7_bin | swe7 | 82 | | Yes | 1 | | ascii_general_ci | ascii | 11 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | ascii_bin | ascii | 65 | | Yes | 1 | | ujis_japanese_ci | ujis | 12 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | ujis_bin | ujis | 91 | | Yes | 1 | | sjis_japanese_ci | sjis | 13 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | sjis_bin | sjis | 88 | | Yes | 1 | | hebrew_general_ci | hebrew | 16 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | hebrew_bin | hebrew | 71 | | Yes | 1 | | tis620_thai_ci | tis620 | 18 | Yes | Yes | 4 | | tis620_bin | tis620 | 89 | | Yes | 1 | | euckr_korean_ci | euckr | 19 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | euckr_bin | euckr | 85 | | Yes | 1 | | koi8u_general_ci | koi8u | 22 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | koi8u_bin | koi8u | 75 | | Yes | 1 | | gb2312_chinese_ci | gb2312 | 24 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | gb2312_bin | gb2312 | 86 | | Yes | 1 | | greek_general_ci | greek | 25 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | greek_bin | greek | 70 | | Yes | 1 | | cp1250_general_ci | cp1250 | 26 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | cp1250_czech_cs | cp1250 | 34 | | Yes | 2 | | cp1250_croatian_ci | cp1250 | 44 | | Yes | 1 | | cp1250_bin | cp1250 | 66 | | Yes | 1 | | cp1250_polish_ci | cp1250 | 99 | | Yes | 1 | | gbk_chinese_ci | gbk | 28 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | gbk_bin | gbk | 87 | | Yes | 1 | | latin5_turkish_ci | latin5 | 30 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | latin5_bin | latin5 | 78 | | Yes | 1 | | armscii8_general_ci | armscii8 | 32 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | armscii8_bin | armscii8 | 64 | | Yes | 1 | | utf8_general_ci | utf8 | 33 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | utf8_bin | utf8 | 83 | | Yes | 1 | | utf8_unicode_ci | utf8 | 192 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8_icelandic_ci | utf8 | 193 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8_latvian_ci | utf8 | 194 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8_romanian_ci | utf8 | 195 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8_slovenian_ci | utf8 | 196 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8_polish_ci | utf8 | 197 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8_estonian_ci | utf8 | 198 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8_spanish_ci | utf8 | 199 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8_swedish_ci | utf8 | 200 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8_turkish_ci | utf8 | 201 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8_czech_ci | utf8 | 202 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8_danish_ci | utf8 | 203 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8_lithuanian_ci | utf8 | 204 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8_slovak_ci | utf8 | 205 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8_spanish2_ci | utf8 | 206 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8_roman_ci | utf8 | 207 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8_persian_ci | utf8 | 208 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8_esperanto_ci | utf8 | 209 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8_hungarian_ci | utf8 | 210 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8_sinhala_ci | utf8 | 211 | | Yes | 8 | | ucs2_general_ci | ucs2 | 35 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | ucs2_bin | ucs2 | 90 | | Yes | 1 | | ucs2_unicode_ci | ucs2 | 128 | | Yes | 8 | | ucs2_icelandic_ci | ucs2 | 129 | | Yes | 8 | | ucs2_latvian_ci | ucs2 | 130 | | Yes | 8 | | ucs2_romanian_ci | ucs2 | 131 | | Yes | 8 | | ucs2_slovenian_ci | ucs2 | 132 | | Yes | 8 | | ucs2_polish_ci | ucs2 | 133 | | Yes | 8 | | ucs2_estonian_ci | ucs2 | 134 | | Yes | 8 | | ucs2_spanish_ci | ucs2 | 135 | | Yes | 8 | | ucs2_swedish_ci | ucs2 | 136 | | Yes | 8 | | ucs2_turkish_ci | ucs2 | 137 | | Yes | 8 | | ucs2_czech_ci | ucs2 | 138 | | Yes | 8 | | ucs2_danish_ci | ucs2 | 139 | | Yes | 8 | | ucs2_lithuanian_ci | ucs2 | 140 | | Yes | 8 | | ucs2_slovak_ci | ucs2 | 141 | | Yes | 8 | | ucs2_spanish2_ci | ucs2 | 142 | | Yes | 8 | | ucs2_roman_ci | ucs2 | 143 | | Yes | 8 | | ucs2_persian_ci | ucs2 | 144 | | Yes | 8 | | ucs2_esperanto_ci | ucs2 | 145 | | Yes | 8 | | ucs2_hungarian_ci | ucs2 | 146 | | Yes | 8 | | ucs2_sinhala_ci | ucs2 | 147 | | Yes | 8 | | cp866_general_ci | cp866 | 36 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | cp866_bin | cp866 | 68 | | Yes | 1 | | keybcs2_general_ci | keybcs2 | 37 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | keybcs2_bin | keybcs2 | 73 | | Yes | 1 | | macce_general_ci | macce | 38 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | macce_bin | macce | 43 | | Yes | 1 | | macroman_general_ci | macroman | 39 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | macroman_bin | macroman | 53 | | Yes | 1 | | cp852_general_ci | cp852 | 40 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | cp852_bin | cp852 | 81 | | Yes | 1 | | latin7_estonian_cs | latin7 | 20 | | Yes | 1 | | latin7_general_ci | latin7 | 41 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | latin7_general_cs | latin7 | 42 | | Yes | 1 | | latin7_bin | latin7 | 79 | | Yes | 1 | | utf8mb4_general_ci | utf8mb4 | 45 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | utf8mb4_bin | utf8mb4 | 46 | | Yes | 1 | | utf8mb4_unicode_ci | utf8mb4 | 224 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_icelandic_ci | utf8mb4 | 225 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_latvian_ci | utf8mb4 | 226 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_romanian_ci | utf8mb4 | 227 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_slovenian_ci | utf8mb4 | 228 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_polish_ci | utf8mb4 | 229 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_estonian_ci | utf8mb4 | 230 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_spanish_ci | utf8mb4 | 231 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_swedish_ci | utf8mb4 | 232 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_turkish_ci | utf8mb4 | 233 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_czech_ci | utf8mb4 | 234 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_danish_ci | utf8mb4 | 235 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_lithuanian_ci | utf8mb4 | 236 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_slovak_ci | utf8mb4 | 237 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_spanish2_ci | utf8mb4 | 238 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_roman_ci | utf8mb4 | 239 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_persian_ci | utf8mb4 | 240 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_esperanto_ci | utf8mb4 | 241 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_hungarian_ci | utf8mb4 | 242 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_sinhala_ci | utf8mb4 | 243 | | Yes | 8 | | cp1251_bulgarian_ci | cp1251 | 14 | | Yes | 1 | | cp1251_ukrainian_ci | cp1251 | 23 | | Yes | 1 | | cp1251_bin | cp1251 | 50 | | Yes | 1 | | cp1251_general_ci | cp1251 | 51 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | cp1251_general_cs | cp1251 | 52 | | Yes | 1 | | utf16_general_ci | utf16 | 54 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | utf16_bin | utf16 | 55 | | Yes | 1 | | utf16_unicode_ci | utf16 | 101 | | Yes | 8 | | utf16_icelandic_ci | utf16 | 102 | | Yes | 8 | | utf16_latvian_ci | utf16 | 103 | | Yes | 8 | | utf16_romanian_ci | utf16 | 104 | | Yes | 8 | | utf16_slovenian_ci | utf16 | 105 | | Yes | 8 | | utf16_polish_ci | utf16 | 106 | | Yes | 8 | | utf16_estonian_ci | utf16 | 107 | | Yes | 8 | | utf16_spanish_ci | utf16 | 108 | | Yes | 8 | | utf16_swedish_ci | utf16 | 109 | | Yes | 8 | | utf16_turkish_ci | utf16 | 110 | | Yes | 8 | | utf16_czech_ci | utf16 | 111 | | Yes | 8 | | utf16_danish_ci | utf16 | 112 | | Yes | 8 | | utf16_lithuanian_ci | utf16 | 113 | | Yes | 8 | | utf16_slovak_ci | utf16 | 114 | | Yes | 8 | | utf16_spanish2_ci | utf16 | 115 | | Yes | 8 | | utf16_roman_ci | utf16 | 116 | | Yes | 8 | | utf16_persian_ci | utf16 | 117 | | Yes | 8 | | utf16_esperanto_ci | utf16 | 118 | | Yes | 8 | | utf16_hungarian_ci | utf16 | 119 | | Yes | 8 | | utf16_sinhala_ci | utf16 | 120 | | Yes | 8 | | cp1256_general_ci | cp1256 | 57 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | cp1256_bin | cp1256 | 67 | | Yes | 1 | | cp1257_lithuanian_ci | cp1257 | 29 | | Yes | 1 | | cp1257_bin | cp1257 | 58 | | Yes | 1 | | cp1257_general_ci | cp1257 | 59 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | utf32_general_ci | utf32 | 60 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | utf32_bin | utf32 | 61 | | Yes | 1 | | utf32_unicode_ci | utf32 | 160 | | Yes | 8 | | utf32_icelandic_ci | utf32 | 161 | | Yes | 8 | | utf32_latvian_ci | utf32 | 162 | | Yes | 8 | | utf32_romanian_ci | utf32 | 163 | | Yes | 8 | | utf32_slovenian_ci | utf32 | 164 | | Yes | 8 | | utf32_polish_ci | utf32 | 165 | | Yes | 8 | | utf32_estonian_ci | utf32 | 166 | | Yes | 8 | | utf32_spanish_ci | utf32 | 167 | | Yes | 8 | | utf32_swedish_ci | utf32 | 168 | | Yes | 8 | | utf32_turkish_ci | utf32 | 169 | | Yes | 8 | | utf32_czech_ci | utf32 | 170 | | Yes | 8 | | utf32_danish_ci | utf32 | 171 | | Yes | 8 | | utf32_lithuanian_ci | utf32 | 172 | | Yes | 8 | | utf32_slovak_ci | utf32 | 173 | | Yes | 8 | | utf32_spanish2_ci | utf32 | 174 | | Yes | 8 | | utf32_roman_ci | utf32 | 175 | | Yes | 8 | | utf32_persian_ci | utf32 | 176 | | Yes | 8 | | utf32_esperanto_ci | utf32 | 177 | | Yes | 8 | | utf32_hungarian_ci | utf32 | 178 | | Yes | 8 | | utf32_sinhala_ci | utf32 | 179 | | Yes | 8 | | binary | binary | 63 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | geostd8_general_ci | geostd8 | 92 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | geostd8_bin | geostd8 | 93 | | Yes | 1 | | cp932_japanese_ci | cp932 | 95 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | cp932_bin | cp932 | 96 | | Yes | 1 | | eucjpms_japanese_ci | eucjpms | 97 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | eucjpms_bin | eucjpms | 98 | | Yes | 1 | +-----------------------+----------+-----+---------+----------+---------+ 195 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> |
创建表的时候指定字符集和校队规则
|
mysql> create table demo2 (name varchar(30) character set utf8 collate utf8_bin name2 varchar(30) character set utf8 collate utf8_general_ci); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)
mysql> show create table demo2; +-------+---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------+ | Table | Create Table
| +-------+---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------+ | demo2 | CREATE TABLE `demo2` ( `name` varchar(30) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin DEFAULT NULL, `name2` varchar(30) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 | +-------+---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) |
插入数据和查询对应的数据查看区分大小写的规则
|
mysql> insert into demo2(name,name2) values('a','a'),('b','b'),('A','A'); Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.05 sec) Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> SELECT * FROM DEMO2; +------+-------+ | name | name2 | +------+-------+ | a | a | | b | b | | A | A | +------+-------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from demo2 where name2='a'; +------+-------+ | name | name2 | +------+-------+ | a | a | | A | A | +------+-------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from demo2 where name='a'; +------+-------+ | name | name2 | +------+-------+ | a | a | +------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) |
以上的两个字段其中在查询的过程中区分大小写和不区分大小写的区别。