SQL惯用的设置和函数(1)

SQL常用的设置和函数(1)
1.切换或打开数据库:USE 数据库名
2.调整数据库的大小:
USE test
GO
ALTER DATABASE test
MODIFY FILE
(
NAME='test'
FILENAME='D:\XP\SQLDB\test.mdf',
SIZE=20MB
)

3.查看目前数据库选项设定及修改:
EXEC sp_dboption '数据库'  '选项参数',True
选项参数:
    trunc. log on chkpt --防止日志增长太快
    dbo use only --只有数据库拥有者才能使用数据库
     read only --可以检索数据,但不能修改
    single user --每次只能一个用户访问
     offline  --数据库为离线状态
      autoshrink  --数据库将自动周期性收缩大小
      ANSI warnings --提示‘除0’之类的标准错误和警告
4.将数据库减缩的最小容量
USE 数据库
GO
DBCC SHRINKDATABASE(数据库)
5.更改数据库名:
EXEC sp_renamedb 'newname','oldname'

6.暂停控制命令 WAITFOR
用来暂时停止程序执行,知道设定时间已过货已到达才继续往下执行
WAITFOR { DELAY 'time' | TIME 'time'|ERROREXIT|PROCESSEXIT|MIRROREXIT }
.DELAY:用来设定等待时间,最大24个小时
.TIME:用来设定等待结束的时间点
.ERROREXIT:直接处理非正常中断
.PEOCESSEXIT:直接处理正常或非正常中断
.MIRROREXIT:直到镜像设置失败

Examples
A. Use WAITFOR TIME 
This example executes the stored procedure update_all_stats at 10:20 P.M. 

BEGIN
   WAITFOR TIME '22:20'
   EXECUTE update_all_stats
END


B. Use WAITFOR DELAY 
This example shows how a local variable can be used with the WAITFOR DELAY option. A stored procedure is created to wait for a variable amount of time and then returns information to the user as to the number of hours, minutes, and seconds that have elapsed.

CREATE PROCEDURE time_delay @@DELAYLENGTH char(9)
AS
DECLARE @@RETURNINFO varchar(255)
BEGIN
   WAITFOR DELAY @@DELAYLENGTH
   SELECT @@RETURNINFO = 'A total time of ' + 
                  SUBSTRING(@@DELAYLENGTH, 1, 3) +
                  ' hours, ' +
                  SUBSTRING(@@DELAYLENGTH, 5, 2) + 
                  ' minutes, and ' +
                  SUBSTRING(@@DELAYLENGTH, 8, 2) + 
                  ' seconds, ' +
                  'has elapsed! Your time is up.'
   PRINT @@RETURNINFO
END
GO
-- This next statement executes the time_delay procedure.
EXEC time_delay '000:00:10'
GO

Here is the result set:

A total time of 000 hours, 00 minutes, and 10 seconds, has elapsed! Your time is up.