【转】编写高质量代码改善C#程序的157个建议——建议61:避免在finally内撰写无效代码

建议61:避免在finally内撰写无效代码

在阐述建议之前,需要先提出一个问题:是否存在一种打破try-finally执行顺序的情况,答案是:不存在(除非应用程序本身因为某些很少出现的特殊情况在try块中退出)。应该始终认为finally内的代码会在方法return之前执行,哪怕return在try块中。

正是这点,可能会让你写出无效的代码,有时候,这样的无效代码会是一个隐藏很深的Bug。

看下面代码:

        private static int TestIntReturnBelowFinally()
        {
            int i;
            try
            {
                i = 1;
            }
            finally
            {
                i = 2;
                Console.WriteLine("	将int结果改为2,finally执行完毕");
            }
            return i;
        }

返回值是2。

但是:

        private static int TestIntReturnInTry()
        {
            int i;
            try
            {
                return i = 1;
            }
            finally
            {
                i = 2;
                Console.WriteLine("	将int结果改为2,finally执行完毕");
            }
        }

返回值是1。

再看下面代码:

        static User TestUserReturnInTry()
        {
            User user = new User() { Name = "Mike", BirthDay = new DateTime(2010, 1, 1) };
            try
            {
                return user;
            }
            finally
            {
                user.Name = "Rose";
                user.BirthDay = new DateTime(2010, 2, 2);
                Console.WriteLine("	将user.Name改为Rose");
            }
        }

user类:

    class User
    {

        public string Name { get; set; }

        public DateTime BirthDay { get; set; }
    }
View Code

TestUserReturnInTry方法返回的User中,Name的值已经改为Rose了。

现在来解释为什么上面3个函数会有3种结果。查看TestIntReturnBelowFinally的finally部分的IL代码:

  finally
  {
    IL_0004:  ldc.i4.2
    IL_0005:  stloc.0
    IL_0006:  ldstr      bytearray (09 00 06 5C 69 00 6E 00 74 00 D3 7E 9C 67 39 65   // ...i.n.t..~.g9e
                                    3A 4E 32 00 0C FF 66 00 69 00 6E 00 61 00 6C 00   // :N2...f.i.n.a.l.
                                    6C 00 79 00 67 62 4C 88 8C 5B D5 6B )             // l.y.gbL..[.k
    IL_000b:  call       void [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(string)
    IL_0010:  endfinally
  }  // end handler
  IL_0011:  ldloc.0
  IL_0012:  ret
}

IL_0004: ldc.i4.2”首先将2压入栈顶

IL_0005: stloc.0”将最顶层堆栈的值,也就是2赋值给本地变量,也就是 i (index 0)

IL_0011: ldloc.0”将本地变量 i (index 0)的值再次压入栈

IL_0012: ret”结束函数,同时把栈内的返回值压入调用者的栈中。就函数将2赋值给了返回值。

看方法TestIntReturnInTry()的Debug版本的IL代码:

.method private hidebysig static int32  TestIntReturnInTry() cil managed
{
  // 代码大小       27 (0x1b)
  .maxstack  2
  .locals init ([0] int32 i,
           [1] int32 CS$1$0000)
  IL_0000:  nop
  .try
  {
    IL_0001:  nop
    IL_0002:  ldc.i4.1
    IL_0003:  dup
    IL_0004:  stloc.0
    IL_0005:  stloc.1
    IL_0006:  leave.s    IL_0018
  }  // end .try
  finally
  {
    IL_0008:  nop
    IL_0009:  ldc.i4.2
    IL_000a:  stloc.0
    IL_000b:  ldstr      bytearray (09 00 06 5C 69 00 6E 00 74 00 D3 7E 9C 67 39 65   // ...i.n.t..~.g9e
                                    3A 4E 32 00 0C FF 66 00 69 00 6E 00 61 00 6C 00   // :N2...f.i.n.a.l.
                                    6C 00 79 00 67 62 4C 88 8C 5B D5 6B )             // l.y.gbL..[.k
    IL_0010:  call       void [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(string)
    IL_0015:  nop
    IL_0016:  nop
    IL_0017:  endfinally
  }  // end handler
  IL_0018:  nop
  IL_0019:  ldloc.1
  IL_001a:  ret
} // end of method Program::TestIntReturnInTry

TestIntReturnInTry在IL中创建了两个本地变量 i 和CS$1$0000 ,i 存储的是1,然后finally中 i 被赋值为2。调用者真正得到的是由IL创建的CS$1$0000所对应的值。用Reflector查看C#代码:

private static int TestIntReturnInTry()
{
    int i;
    int CS$1$0000;
    try
    {
        CS$1$0000 = i = 1;
    }
    finally
    {
        i = 2;
        Console.WriteLine("	将int结果改为2,finally执行完毕");
    }
    return CS$1$0000;
}

实际上,finally中i=2没有任何意义,所以在本函数的release版本中,IL中找不到对应的代码:

.method private hidebysig static int32  TestIntReturnInTry() cil managed
{
  // 代码大小       17 (0x11)
  .maxstack  1
  .locals init ([0] int32 CS$1$0000)
  .try
  {
    IL_0000:  ldc.i4.1
    IL_0001:  stloc.0
    IL_0002:  leave.s    IL_000f
  }  // end .try
  finally
  {
    IL_0004:  ldstr      bytearray (09 00 06 5C 69 00 6E 00 74 00 D3 7E 9C 67 39 65   // ...i.n.t..~.g9e
                                    3A 4E 32 00 0C FF 66 00 69 00 6E 00 61 00 6C 00   // :N2...f.i.n.a.l.
                                    6C 00 79 00 67 62 4C 88 8C 5B D5 6B )             // l.y.gbL..[.k
    IL_0009:  call       void [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(string)
    IL_000e:  endfinally
  }  // end handler
  IL_000f:  ldloc.0
  IL_0010:  ret
} // end of method Program::TestIntReturnInTry

用Reflector查看release版本中C#代码:

private static int TestIntReturnInTry()
{
    int CS$1$0000;
    try
    {
        CS$1$0000 = 1;
    }
    finally
    {
        Console.WriteLine("	将int结果改为2,finally执行完毕");
    }
    return CS$1$0000;
}

再解释第三个方法TestUserReturnInTry为什么返回的是“Rose”。Reflector查看release版本中C#代码:

private static User TestUserReturnInTry()
{
    User CS$1$0000;
    User <>g__initLocal0 = new User {
        Name = "Mike",
        BirthDay = new DateTime(0x7da, 1, 1)
    };
    User user = <>g__initLocal0;
    try
    {
        CS$1$0000 = user;
    }
    finally
    {
        user.Name = "Rose";
        user.BirthDay = new DateTime(0x7da, 2, 2);
        Console.WriteLine("	将user.Name改为Rose");
    }
    return CS$1$0000;
}

User是引用类型, CS$1$0000 = user;说明CS$1$0000和user指向的是同一个对象,当在finally中 user.Name = "Rose"时CS$1$0000的Name也会变为“Rose”。所以返回的CS$1$0000的Name为“Rose”。

再举一个例子:

        private static User TestUserReturnInTry2()
        {
            User user = new User() { Name = "Mike", BirthDay = new DateTime(2010, 1, 1) };
            try
            {
                return user;
            }
            finally
            {
                user.Name = "Rose";
                user.BirthDay = new DateTime(2010, 2, 2);
                user = null;
                Console.WriteLine("	将user置为anull");
            }
        }

返回的结果不是null,而一个Name=“Rose”,BirthDay = new DateTime(2010, 2, 2)的User对象。Reflector查看release版本中C#代码:

private static User TestUserReturnInTry2()
{
    User CS$1$0000;
    User <>g__initLocal1 = new User {
        Name = "Mike",
        BirthDay = new DateTime(0x7da, 1, 1)
    };
    User user = <>g__initLocal1;
    try
    {
        CS$1$0000 = user;
    }
    finally
    {
        user.Name = "Rose";
        user.BirthDay = new DateTime(0x7da, 2, 2);
        user = null;
        Console.WriteLine("	将user置为anull");
    }
    return CS$1$0000;
}

CS$1$0000和user指向的是同一个对象当在finally中 user=null 时,只是user指向为null了,CS$1$0000指向的对象并没有变。

转自:《编写高质量代码改善C#程序的157个建议》陆敏技