用java源代码学数据结构<4> LinkedList 详解
用java源代码学数据结构<四>: LinkedList 详解
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在数据结构中有基本数据类型:线性表。线性表又可以分为顺序表(数组表)和链表。java中典型顺序表有Vector和ArrayList,链表类就是LinkedList。
个人体会:
1.要想gc(垃圾回收器)回收对象,普通的对象只需要设置为null即可,而复合型对象(如Node),它包含两个指针对象和一个元素,必须全部设置为Null才能回收
2.在链表节点进行prev、next等操作时,需要注意空指针异常。对此需要相应的作出判断(例如直接设置为first或last对象等)
3.强烈推荐仔细分析下LinkedList中的ListItr迭代器(特别是针对它的previous和next两种访问方式)
package java.util; /* 1.LinkedList是一个双向链表,允许包含null元素 2.LinkedList是线程不同步的。多线程结构化修改 (增加或删除若干个元素,不包括设置元素值)可能造成意想不到的结果 3.可以使用同步对象来封装LinkedList类。也可以在开始对象时使用 List list = Collections.synchronizedList(new LinkedList(...)) */ public class LinkedList<E> extends AbstractSequentialList<E> implements List<E>, Deque<E>, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable { /* 典型的双向链表节点类,每个节点有数据,前指针(java中就是对象),后指针 */ private static class Node<E> { E item; Node<E> next; Node<E> prev; Node(Node<E> prev, E element, Node<E> next) { this.item = element; this.next = next; this.prev = prev; } } /* transient 1.为了在一个特定对象的一个域上关闭serialization, 可以在这个域前加上关键字transient。 2.当一个对象被序列化的时候,transient型变量的值不包括在序列化的表示中, 然而非transient型的变量是被包括进去的。 3.size表示链表的元素数目 */ transient int size = 0; //链表头指针 transient Node<E> first; //链表尾指针 transient Node<E> last; public LinkedList() { } //集合构造函数 public LinkedList(Collection<? extends E> c) { this(); addAll(c); } //将e对象设置到链表头 private void linkFirst(E e) { final Node<E> f = first; final Node<E> newNode = new Node<>(null, e, f); //重新设置first指针 first = newNode; if (f == null) last = newNode; else //如果原来的first不为空,就将原来的first(即f)接到新的first(newNodw)的后面 f.prev = newNode; size++; modCount++; } //将e对象设置到链表尾部 void linkLast(E e) { final Node<E> l = last; final Node<E> newNode = new Node<>(l, e, null); last = newNode; if (l == null) first = newNode; else //如果原来的last不为空,就将新的last(即newNode)接到原来的last(l)的后面 l.next = newNode; size++; modCount++; } //在非空节点succ之前插入对象e void linkBefore(E e, Node<E> succ) { // assert succ != null; final Node<E> pred = succ.prev; final Node<E> newNode = new Node<>(pred, e, succ); succ.prev = newNode; if (pred == null) first = newNode; else pred.next = newNode; size++; modCount++; } //删除头结点f private E unlinkFirst(Node<E> f) { // assert f == first && f != null; final E element = f.item; final Node<E> next = f.next; f.item = null; f.next = null; // help GC first = next; if (next == null) last = null; else next.prev = null; size--; modCount++; return element; } //删除尾部节点l private E unlinkLast(Node<E> l) { // assert l == last && l != null; final E element = l.item; final Node<E> prev = l.prev; l.item = null; l.prev = null; // help GC last = prev; if (prev == null) first = null; else prev.next = null; size--; modCount++; return element; } //删除指点节点x E unlink(Node<E> x) { // assert x != null; final E element = x.item; final Node<E> next = x.next; final Node<E> prev = x.prev; if (prev == null) { first = next; } else { prev.next = next; //将节点x的前节点设置为null x.prev = null; } if (next == null) { last = prev; } else { next.prev = prev; //将节点x的后节点设置为null x.next = null; } //x的prev、item、next都为Null,gc就可以回收了 x.item = null; size--; modCount++; return element; } //返回链表头节点中存储的对象 public E getFirst() { final Node<E> f = first; if (f == null) throw new NoSuchElementException(); return f.item; } //返回链表尾节点中的对象 public E getLast() { final Node<E> l = last; if (l == null) throw new NoSuchElementException(); return l.item; } //删除头结点,并返回节点中的对象 public E removeFirst() { final Node<E> f = first; if (f == null) throw new NoSuchElementException(); return unlinkFirst(f); } //删除尾结点,并返回节点中的对象 public E removeLast() { final Node<E> l = last; if (l == null) throw new NoSuchElementException(); return unlinkLast(l); } public void addFirst(E e) { linkFirst(e); } public void addLast(E e) { linkLast(e); } public boolean contains(Object o) { return indexOf(o) != -1; } public int size() { return size; } //默认的add是向链表末尾增加元素 public boolean add(E e) { linkLast(e); return true; } //删除指定元素 public boolean remove(Object o) { //对于o是否null进行两种比较 if (o == null) { for (Node<E> x = first; x != null; x = x.next) { if (x.item == null) { unlink(x); return true; } } } else { for (Node<E> x = first; x != null; x = x.next) { if (o.equals(x.item)) { unlink(x); return true; } } } return false; } public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) { return addAll(size, c); } public boolean addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c) { //index参数检查 checkPositionIndex(index); Object[] a = c.toArray(); int numNew = a.length; if (numNew == 0) return false; Node<E> pred, succ; //如果是在链表末尾插入,将pred设置为last if (index == size) { succ = null; pred = last; } else { //否则使用succ暂时保存插入位置后面的一个节点 succ = node(index); pred = succ.prev; } for (Object o : a) { @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") E e = (E) o; //迭代插入 Node<E> newNode = new Node<>(pred, e, null); if (pred == null) first = newNode; else pred.next = newNode; pred = newNode; } if (succ == null) { last = pred; } else { //将保存的值恢复 pred.next = succ; succ.prev = pred; } size += numNew; modCount++; return true; } public void clear() { // Clearing all of the links between nodes is "unnecessary", but: // - helps a generational GC if the discarded nodes inhabit // more than one generation // - is sure to free memory even if there is a reachable Iterator for (Node<E> x = first; x != null; ) { Node<E> next = x.next; //将节点设置为全null,然后由gc回收 x.item = null; x.next = null; x.prev = null; x = next; } first = last = null; size = 0; modCount++; } public E get(int index) { checkElementIndex(index); return node(index).item; } //将此列表中指定位置的元素替换为指定的元素。返回旧的元素 public E set(int index, E element) { checkElementIndex(index); Node<E> x = node(index); E oldVal = x.item; x.item = element; return oldVal; } //在此列表中指定的位置插入指定的元素。 public void add(int index, E element) { checkPositionIndex(index); if (index == size) linkLast(element); else linkBefore(element, node(index)); } public E remove(int index) { checkElementIndex(index); return unlink(node(index)); } //元素有效位置参数判断 private boolean isElementIndex(int index) { return index >= 0 && index < size; } //index==size,表示从结尾开始 private boolean isPositionIndex(int index) { return index >= 0 && index <= size; } private String outOfBoundsMsg(int index) { return "Index: "+index+", Size: "+size; } private void checkElementIndex(int index) { if (!isElementIndex(index)) throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index)); } private void checkPositionIndex(int index) { if (!isPositionIndex(index)) throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index)); } //返回指定位置的node对象 Node<E> node(int index) { // assert isElementIndex(index); //看index离头结点近,还是离尾节点近,提高效率 if (index < (size >> 1)) { Node<E> x = first; for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) x = x.next; return x; } else { Node<E> x = last; for (int i = size - 1; i > index; i--) x = x.prev; return x; } } public int indexOf(Object o) { //对o为null或其他对象,使用==或equals方法 int index = 0; if (o == null) { for (Node<E> x = first; x != null; x = x.next) { if (x.item == null) return index; index++; } } else { for (Node<E> x = first; x != null; x = x.next) { if (o.equals(x.item)) return index; index++; } } return -1; } //反向查找 public int lastIndexOf(Object o) { int index = size; if (o == null) { for (Node<E> x = last; x != null; x = x.prev) { index--; if (x.item == null) return index; } } else { for (Node<E> x = last; x != null; x = x.prev) { index--; if (o.equals(x.item)) return index; } } return -1; } //获取但不移除此列表的头(第一个元素)。 public E peek() { final Node<E> f = first; return (f == null) ? null : f.item;//防止空指针异常 } // 获取但不移除此列表的头(第一个元素)。 public E element() { return getFirst(); } //获取并"移除"此列表的头(第一个元素) public E poll() { final Node<E> f = first; return (f == null) ? null : unlinkFirst(f); } //获取并"移除"此列表的头(第一个元素)。 public E remove() { return removeFirst(); } //将指定元素添加到此列表的末尾(最后一个元素)。 public boolean offer(E e) { return add(e); } //在此列表的开头插入指定的元素。 public boolean offerFirst(E e) { addFirst(e); return true; } //在此列表末尾插入指定的元素 public boolean offerLast(E e) { addLast(e); return true; } // 获取但不移除此列表的第一个元素;如果此列表为空,则返回 null。 // 感觉跟peek一样 public E peekFirst() { final Node<E> f = first; return (f == null) ? null : f.item; } //获取但不移除此列表的最后一个元素;如果此列表为空,则返回 null。 public E peekLast() { final Node<E> l = last; return (l == null) ? null : l.item; } // 获取并移除此列表的第一个元素;如果此列表为空,则返回 null。 public E pollFirst() { final Node<E> f = first; return (f == null) ? null : unlinkFirst(f); } //获取并移除此列表的最后一个元素;如果此列表为空,则返回 null。 public E pollLast() { final Node<E> l = last; return (l == null) ? null : unlinkLast(l); } //将e对象加到头部 public void push(E e) { addFirst(e); } public E pop() { return removeFirst(); } public boolean removeFirstOccurrence(Object o) { return remove(o); } //从此列表中移除第一次出现的指定元素(从头部到尾部遍历列表时)。 public boolean removeLastOccurrence(Object o) { if (o == null) { for (Node<E> x = last; x != null; x = x.prev) { if (x.item == null) { unlink(x); return true; } } } else { for (Node<E> x = last; x != null; x = x.prev) { if (o.equals(x.item)) { unlink(x); return true; } } } return false; } public ListIterator<E> listIterator(int index) { checkPositionIndex(index); return new ListItr(index); } private class ListItr implements ListIterator<E> { //类似于Vector中的lastRet,用于remove,表示上次迭代(不分next,preivous)返回的对象 private Node<E> lastReturned = null; private Node<E> next;//迭代器当前所指的对象 private int nextIndex;//迭代器当前所在的位置 private int expectedModCount = modCount;//用于检查线程同步 ListItr(int index) { // assert isPositionIndex(index); next = (index == size) ? null : node(index); nextIndex = index; } public boolean hasNext() { return nextIndex < size; } public E next() { checkForComodification(); if (!hasNext()) throw new NoSuchElementException(); //保存next的节点信息, lastReturned = next; next = next.next; nextIndex++; return lastReturned.item; } public boolean hasPrevious() { return nextIndex > 0; } //同next public E previous() { checkForComodification(); if (!hasPrevious()) throw new NoSuchElementException(); lastReturned = next = (next == null) ? last : next.prev; nextIndex--; return lastReturned.item; } public int nextIndex() { return nextIndex; } public int previousIndex() { return nextIndex - 1; } public void remove() { checkForComodification(); //必须先调用itr.next或itr.previous之后才能调用remove和set if (lastReturned == null) throw new IllegalStateException(); Node<E> lastNext = lastReturned.next; //unlink将lastReturned设置为null,同时将lastReturned前后节点连在一起 unlink(lastReturned); /* 调用itr.next()后,lastReturned位于next的前面一个 调用itr.previous()后,lastReturned与next在同一位置 */ if (next == lastReturned) /*1.在previous()中有这样一句 lastReturned = next = (next == null) ? last : next.prev; 最后return lastReturned.item; 2.如果调用的是itr.previous,则下一次previous要求返回这次previous之前 的那个元素,而此时next和lastReturned都为null,但unlink将lastReturned 的前后节点连在了一起,我们就需要将next设置为当前lastReturned的后面 一个节点,即next = lastNext; */ next = lastNext; //3.因为是向前访问,而删除的元素在next的后面,所以不修改nextIndex else /* 同理,如果调用的是next(),则lastReturned在next的前面一个位置, 删除了lastReturned所指的对象,没必修改next了 */ nextIndex--;//删除的元素在next的前面 lastReturned = null; expectedModCount++; } public void set(E e) { if (lastReturned == null) throw new IllegalStateException(); checkForComodification(); lastReturned.item = e; } public void add(E e) { checkForComodification(); lastReturned = null; if (next == null) linkLast(e); else linkBefore(e, next); nextIndex++; expectedModCount++; } //检查线程同步 final void checkForComodification() { if (modCount != expectedModCount) throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); } } //返回反向迭代器 public Iterator<E> descendingIterator() { return new DescendingIterator(); } private class DescendingIterator implements Iterator<E> { private final ListItr itr = new ListItr(size()); //将正向迭代器方法反着用 public boolean hasNext() { return itr.hasPrevious(); } public E next() { return itr.previous(); } public void remove() { itr.remove(); } } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") private LinkedList<E> superClone() { try { return (LinkedList<E>) super.clone(); } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) { throw new InternalError(); } } //拷贝复制 public Object clone() { LinkedList<E> clone = superClone(); // Put clone into "virgin" state clone.first = clone.last = null; clone.size = 0; clone.modCount = 0; // Initialize clone with our elements for (Node<E> x = first; x != null; x = x.next) clone.add(x.item); return clone; } //一个个的读取,一个个的存储 public Object[] toArray() { Object[] result = new Object[size]; int i = 0; for (Node<E> x = first; x != null; x = x.next) result[i++] = x.item; return result; } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public <T> T[] toArray(T[] a) { if (a.length < size) //使用反射,获取对象数组 a = (T[])java.lang.reflect.Array.newInstance( a.getClass().getComponentType(), size); int i = 0; Object[] result = a; for (Node<E> x = first; x != null; x = x.next) result[i++] = x.item; if (a.length > size) a[size] = null; return a; } private static final long serialVersionUID = 876323262645176354L; private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s) throws java.io.IOException { // Write out any hidden serialization magic s.defaultWriteObject(); // Write out size s.writeInt(size); // Write out all elements in the proper order. for (Node<E> x = first; x != null; x = x.next) s.writeObject(x.item); } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s) throws java.io.IOException, ClassNotFoundException { // Read in any hidden serialization magic s.defaultReadObject(); // Read in size int size = s.readInt(); // Read in all elements in the proper order. for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) linkLast((E)s.readObject()); }
一起学习,一起进步,欢迎访问我的博客:http://blog.****.net/wanghao109
- 1楼u012045894昨天 15:11
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