C语言中的通用数据结构

问题描述：

有什么方法可以在C中创建通用数据结构并根据存储的数据类型使用函数，该结构具有各种数据类型，例如可以根据存储的数据进行打印.

Is there any way to create generic data structure in C and use functions in accordance with the stored data type, a structure that has various types of data and for example can be printed according to the stored data.

例如，

假设我想创建一个二进制搜索树，该树只存储有float，int.自然的做法是用int和float来创建一个枚举.看起来像这样:

Suppose I wish to make a binary search tree that has just float's, int's stored. The natural approach to do would be to create an enumeration with int's and float's. it would look something like this:

Typedef enum {INT, FLOAT} DataType;

Typedef struct node
{
    void *data;
    DataType t;
    struct node *left,
                *right;
}Node;

如果我想将其打印出来:

if i want print it out:

void printTree(Node *n)
{
    if (n != NULL)
    {
        if (n->t == INT)
        {
            int *a = (int *) n->data;
            printf("%d ", *a);
        }
        else
        {
            float *a = (float *) n->data;
            printf("%f ", *a);
        }

        printTree(n->left);
        printTree(n->right);
    }
}

没关系，但我想将另一种数据类型存储为堆栈，查询或其他内容.这就是为什么我创建了一个不依赖于特定数据类型的树的原因，例如:

That's ok but i want to store another data type as a stack, query or something else. So that's why I created a tree that does not depends on a specific data type, such as:

Typedef struct node
{
    void *data;
    struct node *left,
                *right;
}Node;

如果我想打印出来，可以使用回调函数，例如:

If i want to print it out i use callback functions, such as:

Node *printTree(Node *n, void (*print)(const void *))
{
    if (n != NULL)
    {
        print(n->data);
        printTree(a->left);
        printTree(a->right);
    }
}

但是当我尝试插入一个整数和一个浮点数并将其打印出来时，它就会掉下来.我的问题是，对于混合数据类型，有没有一种方法可以创建一种常规数据结构，该程序在一种情况下依赖于特定数据类型，而在另一种情况下则不依赖于特定数据类型?在这种情况下，我应该创建一个存储int和float的结构，并使用类似第一个打印代码中的打印功能作为回调函数中的功能?

But it falls down when i try to insert a integer and a float and print it out. My question is, Is there a way of creating a generic data structure that a routine depends on a specific data type in one situation but another situation it doesn't , for mixed data type? In this situation i should create a structure that stores int's and float's stores it and use a print function like in the first print code for that in the callback function?

观察:我只是在结构中声明了一个节点，并对其进行了所有尝试以简化操作，但其想法是将该结构与.h和.c以及所有涉及数据结构的所有抽象一起使用.

答

C不支持这种通用数据类型/结构.您可以选择几种选择:

C doesn't support this kind of generic data types/structures. You have a few options you can go with:

如果您有机会使用 Clang 作为编译器，则在C中重载函数.但您必须将参数强制转换为特定类型，因此编译器知道要调用哪个函数.

If you have the opportunity to use Clang as the compiler, there's a language extension to overload functions in C. But you have to cast the argument to the specific type, so the compiler knows which function to call.

使用C ++

尽管您仍然必须强制转换参数，所以编译器知道他必须调用哪些可用的称为 print 的函数.

使用模板

创建一个名为 print 的函数，该函数需要类似

Create a function called print which takes something like

struct data_info {
  void *data;
  enum_describing_type type;
}

print 进行切换并调用相应的 printInt ， printFloat 等.

print does a switch and calls the appropriate printInt, printFloat etc.

C语言中的通用数据结构

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