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VM_Centos7.3_X64_安装Oracle12C 总结笔记

分类: IT文章 • 2022-07-29 16:50:32

声明：本文居多内容参考原文来之网络；

一：安装Centos7.3 虚拟机

1：操作系统下载

CentOS 7官方下载地址：https://www.centos.org/download/

说明：本案例使用的CentOS-7-x86_64-Everything-1611.iso版本安包

以下针对各个版本的ISO镜像文件，进行一一说明：

CentOS-7.0-x86_64-DVD-1503-01.iso 标准安装版，一般下载这个就可以了（推荐）

CentOS-7.0-x86_64-NetInstall-1503-01.iso 网络安装镜像（从网络安装或者救援系统）

CentOS-7.0-x86_64-Everything-1503-01.iso 对完整版安装盘的软件进行补充，集成所有软件。（包含centos7的一套完整的软件包，可以用来安装系统或者填充本地镜像）

CentOS-7.0-x86_64-GnomeLive-1503-01.iso GNOME桌面版

CentOS-7.0-x86_64-KdeLive-1503-01.iso KDE桌面版

CentOS-7.0-x86_64-livecd-1503-01.iso 光盘上运行的系统，类拟于winpe

CentOS-7.0-x86_64-minimal-1503-01.iso 精简版，自带的软件最少

2:VM虚拟机下载及安装

1：VM 安装包下载：http://sw.bos.baidu.com/sw-search-sp/software/ca7ad8c6d3103/VMware-workstation-full-14.0.0.24051.exe

注：其注册码自己百度

2：VM 程序安装教程：请查看《vmware workstation 12 pro 虚拟机安装系统教程》

3：VM 虚拟机安装 Centos7.3 系统

1：请查看《CentOS 7.3 安装》

2：在系统重启后出现了 lic 等错误配置信息。请自己百度

4：配置静态ip地址：

1：请参考此文：《centos 7.3 设置静态IP》

5：搭建yum　环境：

　１：请参考此文：《　　CentOS7.2 创建本地YUM源和局域网YUM源　　》

二　：Ｏracle12C数据库安装

1：安装包下载

1：安装步骤参考了此文：《 Linux 平台安装Oracle Database 12c 》

2：Oracle12C 官网下载地址

官方的下载地址：

1：http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html

2：https://edelivery.oracle.com/EPD/Download/get_form?egroup_aru_number=16496132

URL地址2需要先注册，然后才能登陆下载，注册登陆界面https://edelivery.oracle.com

关于这两者有啥区别：听一个同事说，用metalink 账号下载的安装文件完整一些。具体情况是不是如此，还不得而知。

地址1下载的文件为：

linuxamd64_12c_database_1of2.zip

linuxamd64_12c_database_2of2.zip

地址2下载的文件为：

V38500-01_1of2.zip

V38500-01_2of2.zip

2）检查硬件要求(Check Hardware Requirements)

1 Check CPU

  1 [root@localhost ~]#  grep "model name" /proc/cpuinfo
  2 model name      : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6700HQ CPU @ 2.60GHz
  3 model name      : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6700HQ CPU @ 2.60GHz
  4 model name      : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6700HQ CPU @ 2.60GHz
  5 model name      : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6700HQ CPU @ 2.60GHz
  6 [root@localhost ~]# 
  7 [root@localhost ~]#  cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "processor" | wc -l
  8 4
  9 [root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "physical id" | sort | uniq | wc -l
 10 2
 11 [root@localhost ~]#

2 Check Memory

  1 root@localhost ~]#  grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
  2 MemTotal:        3587024 kB
  3 [root@localhost ~]# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
  4 SwapTotal:       3801084 kB
  5 [root@localhost ~]#  free -g
  6               total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
  7 Mem:              3           0           0           0           2           2
  8 Swap:             3           0           3
  9 [root@localhost ~]#

Oracle 12c 对系统内存的最低要求为1G，推荐2G或更大的内存，从上面结果可以知道系统内存23G，完全满足要求。

Oracle对交换分区（Swap Space）的推荐设置如下，这里Swap Space为35G，不是16G,需要做一下调整。

VM_Centos7.3_X64_安装Oracle12C 总结笔记

3 Check Disk Capacity

  1 [root@localhost ~]# df -h
  2 Filesystem           Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
  3 /dev/mapper/cl-root   50G  6.9G   44G  14% /
  4 devtmpfs             1.7G     0  1.7G   0% /dev
  5 tmpfs                1.8G  140K  1.8G   1% /dev/shm
  6 tmpfs                1.8G  9.0M  1.8G   1% /run
  7 tmpfs                1.8G     0  1.8G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
  8 /dev/sda1           1014M  173M  842M  18% /boot
  9 /dev/mapper/cl-home  969G   33M  969G   1% /home
 10 tmpfs                351M   40K  351M   1% /run/user/0
 11 /dev/sr0             7.8G  7.8G     0 100% /run/media/root/CentOS 7 x86_64
 12

3: 检查软件要求(Checking the Software Requirements)

用于Oracle Linux 7和Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7的软件包

必须安装以下软件包（或更高版本）：

  1 binutils-2.23.52.0.1-12.el7.x86_64
  2 compat-libcap1-1.10-3.el7.x86_64
  3 compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-71.el7.i686
  4 compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-71.el7.x86_64
  5 gcc-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64
  6 gcc-c++-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64
  7 glibc-2.17-36.el7.i686
  8 glibc-2.17-36.el7.x86_64
  9 glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7.i686
 10 glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7.x86_64
 11 ksh
 12 libaio-0.3.109-9.el7.i686
 13 libaio-0.3.109-9.el7.x86_64
 14 libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7.i686
 15 libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7.x86_64
 16 libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7.i686
 17 libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64
 18 libstdc++-4.8.2-3.el7.i686
 19 libstdc++-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64
 20 libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-3.el7.i686
 21 libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64
 22 libXi-1.7.2-1.el7.i686
 23 libXi-1.7.2-1.el7.x86_64
 24 libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7.i686
 25 libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7.x86_64
 26 make-3.82-19.el7.x86_64
 27 sysstat-10.1.5-1.el7.x86_64

执行脚本

  1 yum install      binutil* -y
  2 yum install      compat* -y
  3 yum install      gcc* -y
  4 yum install      glibc* -y
  5 yum install      ksh* -y
  6 yum install      libaio* -y
  7 yum install      libgcc* -y
  8 yum install      libstd* -y
  9 yum install      libXi* -y
 10 yum install      libXtst* -y
 11 yum install      make* -y
 12 yum install      sysstat* -y

binutils-2.25.1-22.base.el7.x86_64
package compat-libstdc++ is not installed
gcc-4.8.5-11.el7.x86_64
gcc-c++-4.8.5-11.el7.x86_64
glibc-2.17-157.el7.x86_64
glibc-devel-2.17-157.el7.x86_64
package ksh is not installed
libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64
package libaio-devel is not installed
libgcc-4.8.5-11.el7.x86_64
libstdc++-4.8.5-11.el7.x86_64
libstdc++-devel-4.8.5-11.el7.x86_64
libXext-1.3.3-3.el7.x86_64
libXtst-1.2.2-2.1.el7.x86_64
libX11-1.6.3-3.el7.x86_64
libXau-1.0.8-2.1.el7.x86_64
libXi-1.7.4-2.el7.x86_64
make-3.82-23.el7.x86_64
sysstat-10.1.5-11.el7.x86_64

4 :系统配置准备

1 创建Oracle用户和用户组(注：我这里没有设置oracle用户的密码：如果有需要请直接用root用户进行 passwd oracle 的命令为oracle用户设置一个密码)

  1 [root@localhost ~]# groupadd dba
  2 [root@localhost ~]#  groupadd oinstall
  3 [root@localhost ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
  4 [root@localhost ~]# id oracle
  5 uid=1001(oracle) gid=1002(oinstall) groups=1002(oinstall),1001(dba)
  6 [root@localhost ~]# 
  7

2 创建安装目录

  1 root@localhost ~]#  mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
  2 [root@localhost ~]#  chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
  3 [root@localhost ~]#  chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle

3 CentOS7关闭防火墙和selinux

  1 [root@localhost ~]# /usr/sbin/sestatus
  2 SELinux status:                 enabled
  3 SELinuxfs mount:                /sys/fs/selinux
  4 SELinux root directory:         /etc/selinux
  5 Loaded policy name:             targeted
  6 Current mode:                   enforcing
  7 Mode from config file:          disabled
  8 Policy MLS status:              enabled
  9 Policy deny_unknown status:     allowed
 10 Max kernel policy version:      28
 11 [root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
 12 [root@localhost ~]# /usr/sbin/sestatus
 13 SELinux status:                 enabled
 14 SELinuxfs mount:                /sys/fs/selinux
 15 SELinux root directory:         /etc/selinux
 16 Loaded policy name:             targeted
 17 Current mode:                   permissive
 18 Mode from config file:          disabled
 19 Policy MLS status:              enabled
 20 Policy deny_unknown status:     allowed
 21 Max kernel policy version:      28

  1 [root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
  2 [root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
  3 Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
  4 Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/firewalld.service.
  5 [root@localhost ~]# systemctl status firewalld
  6 鈼?firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
  7    Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
  8    Active: inactive (dead)
  9      Docs: man:firewalld(1)
 10 
 11 Dec 13 20:01:29 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic fire....
 12 Dec 13 20:01:32 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firew....
 13 Dec 13 22:07:20 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Stopping firewalld - dynamic fire....
 14 Dec 13 22:07:21 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firew....
 15 Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
 16 [root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config
 17 
 18 # This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
 19 # SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
 20 #     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
 21 #     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
 22 #     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
 23 #SELINUX=enforcing
 24 SELINUX=disabled
 25 # SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values:
 26 #     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
 27 #     minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected. 
 28 #     mls - Multi Level Security protection.
 29 SELINUXTYPE=targeted
 30 
 31 
 32 [root@localhost ~]# reboot

----检查结果：

  1 [root@localhost ~]#  /usr/sbin/sestatus
  2 SELinux status:                 disabled
  3 [root@localhost ~]# /usr/sbin/getenforce
  4 Disabled
  5 [root@localhost ~]#

4 修改系统内核参数

在修改系统内核参数前，你可以用命令先查看一下当前各类系统参数的值，亦或直接查看配置文件/etc/sysctl.conf

  1 [root@localhost ~]#  getconf PAGESIZE
  2 4096
  3 [root@localhost ~]# sysctl -a | grep sem
  4 kernel.sem = 250        32000   32      128
  5 kernel.sem_next_id = -1
  6 [root@localhost ~]# sysctl -a | grep shm
  7 kernel.shm_next_id = -1
  8 kernel.shm_rmid_forced = 0
  9 kernel.shmall = 18446744073692774399
 10 kernel.shmmax = 18446744073692774399
 11 kernel.shmmni = 4096
 12 vm.hugetlb_shm_group = 0
 13 [root@localhost ~]#  sysctl -a | grep file-max
 14 fs.file-max = 378794
 15 [root@localhost ~]#  sysctl -a | grep ip_local_port_range
 16 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 32768    60999
 17 [root@localhost ~]#

关于内核参数的一些设置建议，可以参考下面资料：.

  1 kernel.shmmax
  2 
  3 关于内核参数kernel.shmmax，oracle 建议，kernel.shmmax的值不能少于物理内存的一半，而且要大于Oracle中sga-max-size的值，否则会造成oracle性能下降
  4 
  5 一般32bit操作系统，直接设置为系统支持的最大内存即可，64bit操作系统设置大于sga-max-size的值即可
  6 
  7 如：当前内存为2G 则kernel.shmmax = 2*1024*1024=2097152
  8 
  9 当前内存为8G则 kernel.shmmax = 7*1024*1024=7340032
 10 
 11 Kernel.shmall
 12 
 13 Shmall指系统一次可以使用的共享内存段的最大数量，以页为单位。Oracle默认设置为 kernel.shmall = 2097152
 14 
 15 即最大8G（2097152*4/1024/1024），（在调整SGA时需要注意，SGA大小设置不可超过该值），根据系统内存大小和使用的不同可以参考如下：设置的一般规律
 16 
 17 kernel.shmall = 8G/4k=8388608k/4k=2097152    ---内存8G
 18 
 19 kernel.shmall = 16G/4k=16777216k/4k=4194304    ---内存16G
 20 
 21 kernel.shmall = 32G/4k=33554432k/4k=8388608    ---内存32G
 22 
 23 （RedHat linux系统中页大小为4096即4K，实际环境以getconf PAGE_SIZE结果为准）
 24 
 25 kernel.shmmni
 26 
 27 shmmni 指系统共享内存段的最大数量
 28 
 29 oracle设置默认值为4096，一般是足够用了，不需要调整
 30 
 31 文件句柄数的相关内核参数设置
 32 
 33 fs.file-max
 34 
 35 fs.file-max指系统能够打开最大的文件句柄数
 36 
 37 oracle建议设置为65536，一般不用修改
 38 
 39 信号的相关内核参数设置
 40 
 41 kernel.sem
 42 
 43 kernel.sem是指 semmsl，semmns，semopm，semmni这4个参数
 44 
 45 semmsl 指每个线号集的最大信号数，Oracle建议是设置为oracle的最大进程数+10
 46 
 47 semmni 指整个系统的信号集的最大数量
 48 
 49 semmns 指整个系统的信号总数，也就是semmni*semmsl的结果
 50 
 51 semopm 指每个semop系统调用可以执行的信号操作的最大数量
 52 
 53 oracle默认设置
 54 
 55 semmsl=250
 56 
 57 semmns=3200
 58 
 59 semopm=100
 60 
 61 semmni=128
 62 
 63 即kernel.sem= 250 3200 100 128
 64 
 65 例：在oracle  ora.init文件参数中设置PROCESSES参数为5000
 66 
 67 则semmsl=5010,semmni=128，semmns=semmsl* semmni=641280
 68 
 69 另外semopm建议设置等于semmsl值即5010
 70 
 71 那么kernel.sem=5010 641280 5010 128
 72 
 73 网络相关的内核参数设置
 74 
 75 net.core.rmem_default
 76 
 77 net.core.rmem_default 指网络套接字的默认接收缓冲区的大小，oracle建议设置为265K即262144
 78 
 79 net.core.rmem_max
 80 
 81 net.core.rmem_max 指网络套接字的最大接收缓冲区的大小，oracle10g及以前版本建议设置为256k即262144
 82 
 83 oracle11g建议设置为4M 即4194304
 84 
 85 net.core.wmem_default
 86 
 87 net.core.wmem_default指网络套接字的默认发送缓冲区的大小，oracle建议设置为265K即262144
 88 
 89 net.core.wmem_max
 90 
 91 net.core.wmem_max  指网络套接字的最大发送缓冲区的大小，oracle10g及以前版本建议设置为256k即262144
 92 
 93 oracle11g建议设置为1M即1048576
 94 
 95 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range
 96 
 97 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range ，指本地的允许打开随机端口范围
 98 
 99 oracle10g前建议端口范围为1024 65000，oracle11g建议端口范围为：
100 65500 并忽略oracle安装程序任何关于这个参数的警告
101 
102 Asynchronous I/O相关的内核参数设置
103 
104 fs.aio-max-nr
105 
106 fs.aio-max-nr 指系统允许的最大的异步IO请求大小
107 
108 oracle默认设置为1M即1048576，一般不用更改

View Code

修改前最后先备份一下/etc/sysctl.conf，以防万一。

  1 [root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/sysc
  2 sysconfig/ sysctl.d/
  3 [root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/
  4 [root@localhost etc]# cat sysctl.conf 
  5 # sysctl settings are defined through files in
  6 # /usr/lib/sysctl.d/, /run/sysctl.d/, and /etc/sysctl.d/.
  7 #
  8 # Vendors settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/.
  9 # To override a whole file, create a new file with the same in
 10 # /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there. To override
 11 # only specific settings, add a file with a lexically later
 12 # name in /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there.
 13 #
 14 # For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).
 15 [root@localhost etc]# cp sysctl.conf  sysctl.conf.bak
 16 [root@localhost etc]# 
 17 #-----在 sysctl.conf 文档下方增加上以下内容

View Code

  1 kernel.shmmax = 18446744073692774399
  2 kernel.shmall = 18446744073692774399
  3 kernel.shmmni = 4096
  4 kernel.sem =250 32000 100 128
  5 net.core.rmem_default = 262144
  6 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
  7 net.core.wmem_default = 262144
  8 net.core.wmem_max = 262144
  9 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range =32768    60999
 10 fs.file-max=378794
 11 fs.aio-max-nr=1048576

  1 [root@localhost etc]# vi sysctl.conf
  2 
  3 
  4 # sysctl settings are defined through files in
  5 # /usr/lib/sysctl.d/, /run/sysctl.d/, and /etc/sysctl.d/.
  6 #
  7 # Vendors settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/.
  8 # To override a whole file, create a new file with the same in
  9 # /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there. To override
 10 # only specific settings, add a file with a lexically later
 11 # name in /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there.
 12 #
 13 # For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).
 14 kernel.shmmax = 18446744073692774399
 15 kernel.shmall = 18446744073692774399
 16 kernel.shmmni = 4096
 17 kernel.sem =250 32000 100 128
 18 net.core.rmem_default = 262144
 19 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
 20 net.core.wmem_default = 262144
 21 net.core.wmem_max = 262144
 22 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range =32768    60999
 23 fs.file-max=378794
 24 fs.aio-max-nr=1048576
 25 ~
 26 ~
 27 ~
 28 ~
 29 ~
 30 ~
 31 ~
 32 ~
 33 ~
 34 "sysctl.conf" 26L, 782C written
 35 [root@localhost etc]#

kernel.shmall =physical RAM size / pagesize (getconf PAGESIZE) -- If the defaults are greater then leave it.

kernel.shmall = 内存大小/4k=23G*1024*1024/4k = 6029312

kernel.shmmax = 20*1024*1024=20971520 而默认的为68719476736，那么使用默认值

修改完成后保存，然后运行sysctl -p 命令使之生效

  1 [root@localhost etc]# sysctl -p
  2 kernel.shmmax = 18446744073692774399
  3 kernel.shmall = 18446744073692774399
  4 kernel.shmmni = 4096
  5 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
  6 net.core.rmem_default = 262144
  7 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
  8 net.core.wmem_default = 262144
  9 net.core.wmem_max = 262144
 10 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 32768    60999
 11 fs.file-max = 378794
 12 fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
 13 [root@localhost etc]#

5 设置用户限制

在/etc/security/limits.conf中添加如下配置。

  1 oracle soft nproc 2047
  2 
  3 oracle hard nproc 16384
  4 
  5 oracle soft nofile 1024
  6 
  7 oracle hard nofile 65536
  8 
  9 oracle soft stack 10240
 10 
 11 oracle hard stack 10240
 12 
 13 Add the following line to the "/etc/pam.d/login" file,
 14 
 15 if it does not already exist.
 16 
 17 session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so
 18 
 19 session required pam_limits.so
 20 
 21 Add the following to
 22 
 23 /etc/profile if Oracle user will use the bash shell.
 24 
 25 if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
 26 
 27 ulimit -u 16384
 28 
 29 ulimit -n 65536
 30 
 31 fi
 32

5: 配置环境变量

首先切换到oracle账户，编辑修改主目录下 .bash_profile

  1 [root@localhost ~]# su - oracle
  2 [oracle@localhost ~]$ ls
  3 [oracle@localhost ~]$ ls -a
  4 .  ..  .bash_logout  .bash_profile  .bashrc  .cache  .config  .mozilla
  5 [oracle@localhost ~]$ vi .bash_profile
  6 
  7 # .bash_profile
  8 
  9 # Get the aliases and functions
 10 if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
 11         . ~/.bashrc
 12 fi
 13 
 14 # User specific environment and startup programs
 15 
 16 PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin
 17 
 18 export PATH
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 TMP=/tmp; export TMP
 23 TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR
 24 
 25 ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
 26 ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME
 27 ORACLE_SID=epps; export ORACLE_SID
 28 ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
 29 PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH
 30 PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH
 31 
 32 LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
 33 CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATH
 34 
 35 if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
 36  if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
 37     ulimit -p 16384
 38     ulimit -n 65536
 39  else
 40     ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
 41  fi
 42 fi
 43

使配置生效

  1 [oracle@localhost ~]$ source .bash_profile
  2 [oracle@localhost ~]$
  3

6：解压安装镜像文件

上传已经下载好的oracle12c安装包：

VM_Centos7.3_X64_安装Oracle12C 总结笔记

//把用root用户上传的安装包放到 oracle 用户的home目录下，并修改文件用户使用权限

  1 [root@localhost oracle]# ls
  2 linuxamd64_12102_database_1of2.zip  linuxamd64_12102_database_2of2.zip
  3 [root@localhost oracle]# ll
  4 total 2625080
  5 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1673544724 Dec 13 20:31 linuxamd64_12102_database_1of2.zip
  6 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1014530602 Dec 13 20:32 linuxamd64_12102_database_2of2.zip
  7 [root@localhost oracle]# chown oracle:oinstall linuxamd64_12102_database_*
  8 [root@localhost oracle]# ll
  9 total 2625080
 10 -rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 1673544724 Dec 13 20:31 linuxamd64_12102_database_1of2.zip
 11 -rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 1014530602 Dec 13 20:32 linuxamd64_12102_database_2of2.zip
 12 [root@localhost oracle]#

切换到 oracle　用户　并解压　安装包

  1 #切换到ORACLE用户
  2 [root@localhost oracle]# su - oracle
  3 Last login: Wed Dec 13 23:48:45 CST 2017 on pts/2
  4 [oracle@localhost ~]$
  5 #解压第一个文件压缩包
  6 [oracle@localhost ~]$ unzip linuxamd64_12102_database_1of2.zip
  7 #在解压完第一个压缩包后再来解压第二个压缩包
  8 [oracle@localhost ~]$ unzip linuxamd64_12102_database_2of2.zip
  9 
 10

文件解压完后都放在database文件中

创建一个安装包备份文件夹；把压缩包存放起来：

  1 [oracle@localhost ~]$ ls
  2 database  linuxamd64_12102_database_1of2.zip  linuxamd64_12102_database_2of2.zip
  3 [oracle@localhost ~]$ mkdir oracle_database_zip
  4 
  5 [oracle@localhost ~]$ mv linuxamd64_12102_database_* oracle_database_zip/
  6 [oracle@localhost ~]$ ls
  7 database  oracle_database_zip
  8 [oracle@localhost ~]$

7: 安装Xme30.exe 软件

软件下载路劲：链接：http://pan.baidu.com/s/1gf5cbKn 密码：m1pn 注：如果该版本报错。请到此QQ(6032072430)群的群文件里来下载该版本的安装包

1):安装步骤一直下一步即可

2):注册lic

3):启动工具

注：在打开 Xmanager-Passive 出下图错误解决方法：failed to get the installation date from the system registry

出现了这个问题后，各种可能的想法都想到了，但是，一直得不到解决，后来查到了这样一种办法

1.打开Xbrowser

2.打开Help, 选择About Browser

3.点击Enter Product Key

Name ： 3ddown.com

Organization: none

Serial:080807-116451-999766

就OK了

呵呵，Xmanager不让贴上去，就辛苦大家用手敲上去了

8：oracle 12c （数据库软件）安装步骤图解

查看解压出来的文件权限信息：

  1 [oracle@localhost ~]$ ll
  2 total 0
  3 drwxr-xr-x 7 oracle oinstall 117 Jul  7  2014 database
  4 drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall  90 Dec 13 23:54 oracle_database_zip
  5 [oracle@localhost ~]$ cd database/
  6 [oracle@localhost database]$ ll
  7 total 20
  8 drwxr-xr-x  4 oracle oinstall  234 Dec 13 23:52 install
  9 drwxrwxr-x  2 oracle oinstall   61 Jul  7  2014 response
 10 drwxr-xr-x  2 oracle oinstall   34 Jul  7  2014 rpm
 11 -rwxr-xr-x  1 oracle oinstall 8533 Jul  7  2014 runInstaller
 12 drwxrwxr-x  2 oracle oinstall   29 Jul  7  2014 sshsetup
 13 drwxr-xr-x 14 oracle oinstall 4096 Jul  7  2014 stage
 14 -rwxr-xr-x  1 oracle oinstall  500 Feb  7  2013 welcome.html
 15 [oracle@localhost database]$
 16

查看本机（客户机）的ip

启动调用本级（客户机）的图形管理工具并启动安装

  1 [oracle@localhost database]$ export DISPLAY=192.168.1.27:0.0
  2 [oracle@localhost database]$ ls
  3 install  response  rpm  runInstaller  sshsetup  stage  welcome.html
  4 [oracle@localhost database]$ ls -a
  5 .  ..  install  response  rpm  runInstaller  sshsetup  stage  welcome.html
  6 [oracle@localhost database]$ ./runInstaller
  7

开始进行图解安装过程（注意观察细节变化）

在安装过程中出现了上图提示错误信息：结果分析是 /u01 /u01/app的权限导致的：

处理步骤：逐步赋权

  1 [root@localhost oracle]# su - oracle
  2 Last login: Wed Dec 13 23:48:45 CST 2017 on pts/2
  3 [oracle@localhost ~]$ ll /u01
  4 total 0
  5 drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 20 Dec 13 21:43 app
  6 [oracle@localhost ~]$ ll
  7 total 0
  8 drwxr-xr-x 7 oracle oinstall 117 Jul  7  2014 database
  9 drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall  90 Dec 13 23:54 oracle_database_zip
 10 [oracle@localhost ~]$ cd ?
 11 -bash: cd: ?: No such file or directory
 12 [oracle@localhost ~]$ cd /
 13 [oracle@localhost /]$ ll
 14 total 28
 15 -rw-r--r--.   1 root root    0 Aug 20 02:03 1
 16 lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root    7 Aug 20 01:32 bin -> usr/bin
 17 dr-xr-xr-x.   4 root root 4096 Aug 20 02:57 boot
 18 drwxr-xr-x   20 root root 3320 Dec 13 23:08 dev
 19 drwxr-xr-x. 143 root root 8192 Dec 13 23:24 etc
 20 drwxr-xr-x.   4 root root   33 Dec 13 21:41 home
 21 lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root    7 Aug 20 01:32 lib -> usr/lib
 22 lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root    9 Aug 20 01:32 lib64 -> usr/lib64
 23 drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root    6 Nov  5  2016 media
 24 drwxr-xr-x.   3 root root   19 Dec 13 20:40 mnt
 25 drwxr-xr-x.   3 root root   16 Aug 20 02:19 opt
 26 dr-xr-xr-x  203 root root    0 Dec 13 23:08 proc
 27 dr-xr-x---.  15 root root 4096 Dec 13 23:40 root
 28 drwxr-xr-x   38 root root 1120 Dec 13 23:08 run
 29 lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root    8 Aug 20 01:32 sbin -> usr/sbin
 30 drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root    6 Nov  5  2016 srv
 31 dr-xr-xr-x   13 root root    0 Dec 13 23:08 sys
 32 drwxrwxrwt.  27 root root 4096 Dec 14 00:16 tmp
 33 drwxr-xr-x.   3 root root   17 Dec 13 21:43 u01
 34 drwxr-xr-x.  13 root root  155 Aug 20 01:32 usr
 35 drwxr-xr-x.  21 root root 4096 Dec 13 23:08 var
 36 [oracle@localhost /]$ ll /u01/app/
 37 total 0
 38 drwxrwxr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 6 Dec 14 00:49 oracle
 39 [oracle@localhost /]$ su - root
 40 Password:
 41 Last login: Wed Dec 13 23:09:09 CST 2017 from 192.168.1.27 on pts/2
 42 [root@localhost ~]# cd /
 43 [root@localhost /]# ll
 44 total 28
 45 -rw-r--r--.   1 root root    0 Aug 20 02:03 1
 46 lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root    7 Aug 20 01:32 bin -> usr/bin
 47 dr-xr-xr-x.   4 root root 4096 Aug 20 02:57 boot
 48 drwxr-xr-x   20 root root 3320 Dec 13 23:08 dev
 49 drwxr-xr-x. 143 root root 8192 Dec 13 23:24 etc
 50 drwxr-xr-x.   4 root root   33 Dec 13 21:41 home
 51 lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root    7 Aug 20 01:32 lib -> usr/lib
 52 lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root    9 Aug 20 01:32 lib64 -> usr/lib64
 53 drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root    6 Nov  5  2016 media
 54 drwxr-xr-x.   3 root root   19 Dec 13 20:40 mnt
 55 drwxr-xr-x.   3 root root   16 Aug 20 02:19 opt
 56 dr-xr-xr-x  206 root root    0 Dec 13 23:08 proc
 57 dr-xr-x---.  15 root root 4096 Dec 13 23:40 root
 58 drwxr-xr-x   38 root root 1120 Dec 13 23:08 run
 59 lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root    8 Aug 20 01:32 sbin -> usr/sbin
 60 drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root    6 Nov  5  2016 srv
 61 dr-xr-xr-x   13 root root    0 Dec 13 23:08 sys
 62 drwxrwxrwt.  27 root root 4096 Dec 14 00:56 tmp
 63 drwxr-xr-x.   3 root root   17 Dec 13 21:43 u01
 64 drwxr-xr-x.  13 root root  155 Aug 20 01:32 usr
 65 drwxr-xr-x.  21 root root 4096 Dec 13 23:08 var
 66 [root@localhost /]# chown oracle:oinstall u
 67 u01/ usr/
 68 [root@localhost /]# chown oracle:oinstall u01/
 69 [root@localhost /]# ll
 70 total 28
 71 -rw-r--r--.   1 root   root        0 Aug 20 02:03 1
 72 lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root   root        7 Aug 20 01:32 bin -> usr/bin
 73 dr-xr-xr-x.   4 root   root     4096 Aug 20 02:57 boot
 74 drwxr-xr-x   20 root   root     3320 Dec 13 23:08 dev
 75 drwxr-xr-x. 143 root   root     8192 Dec 13 23:24 etc
 76 drwxr-xr-x.   4 root   root       33 Dec 13 21:41 home
 77 lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root   root        7 Aug 20 01:32 lib -> usr/lib
 78 lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root   root        9 Aug 20 01:32 lib64 -> usr/lib64
 79 drwxr-xr-x.   2 root   root        6 Nov  5  2016 media
 80 drwxr-xr-x.   3 root   root       19 Dec 13 20:40 mnt
 81 drwxr-xr-x.   3 root   root       16 Aug 20 02:19 opt
 82 dr-xr-xr-x  205 root   root        0 Dec 13 23:08 proc
 83 dr-xr-x---.  15 root   root     4096 Dec 13 23:40 root
 84 drwxr-xr-x   38 root   root     1120 Dec 13 23:08 run
 85 lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root   root        8 Aug 20 01:32 sbin -> usr/sbin
 86 drwxr-xr-x.   2 root   root        6 Nov  5  2016 srv
 87 dr-xr-xr-x   13 root   root        0 Dec 13 23:08 sys
 88 drwxrwxrwt.  27 root   root     4096 Dec 14 00:58 tmp
 89 drwxr-xr-x.   3 oracle oinstall   17 Dec 13 21:43 u01
 90 drwxr-xr-x.  13 root   root      155 Aug 20 01:32 usr
 91 drwxr-xr-x.  21 root   root     4096 Dec 13 23:08 var
 92 [root@localhost /]# cd u01/
 93 [root@localhost u01]# ll
 94 total 0
 95 drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 20 Dec 13 21:43 app
 96 [root@localhost u01]# chown oracle:oinstall app/
 97 [root@localhost u01]# ll
 98 total 0
 99 drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 20 Dec 13 21:43 app
100 [root@localhost u01]# cd app/
101 [root@localhost app]# ll
102 total 0
103 drwxrwxr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 6 Dec 14 00:49 oracle
104 [root@localhost app]#