Struts动态ActionForm,验证框架
引入动态表单DynaActionForm的目的在于减少ActionForm的数目。DynaActionForm和普通的ActionForm的用法基本相同。不同之处在于:普通的ActionForm类必须为每个属性提供getXxx和setXxx方法,以实现对属性的存取操作。而DynaActionForm类是将属性保存在一个HashMap类型的对象中,并同时提供相应的get(“属性名”),set(“属性名”,“属性值”)形式的存取方法。例如,要获取DynaActionForm中的name属性值,可以用下述的代码格式:
String name=(String)form.get(“name”);
需要注意的是:由于属性值最终存放在HashMap对象中,受其限制,动态AcionForm的get()方法返回值为Object类型,因此在使用时需要强制转换。由于DynaActionForm不需要重写validate()方法来实现表单验证,因此在引入动态ActionForm的同时,也引入了Validator验证框架以实现表单数据的动态验证。
Struts的Validator验证框架定义了常用的十几个验证规则,如:required(验证非空)、minlength(验证最小长度)、maxlength(验证最大长度)、intRange(验证整形范围)、email(验证电子邮件地址)、date(验证日期)等,并且实现了客户端的Javascript验证和服务器端验证,以下是在myeclipse环境下使用Validator验证框架的步骤:
一、 创建基于Struts的web工程
二、 将validator-rules.xml中以下代码拷贝到资源文件中
# Struts Validator Error Messages
errors.required={0} is required.
errors.minlength={0} can not be less than {1} characters.
errors.maxlength={0} can not be greater than {1} characters.
errors.invalid={0} is invalid.
errors.byte={0} must be a byte.
errors.short={0} must be a short.
errors.integer={0} must be an integer.
errors.long={0} must be a long.
errors.float={0} must be a float.
errors.double={0} must be a double.
errors.date={0} is not a date.
errors.range={0} is not in the range {1} through {2}.
errors.creditcard={0} is an invalid credit card number.
errors.email={0} is an invalid e-mail address.
三、 将validator-rules.xml中以下代码拷贝到struts-config.xml配置文件中,验证框架将以插件形式被注入struts框架
<plug-in className="org.apache.struts.validator.ValidatorPlugIn">
<set-property property="pathnames" value="/WEB-INF/validator-rules.xml,
/WEB-INF/validator.xml"/>
</plug-in>
四、创建validation.xml文件
五、实现客户端的javascript验证,只需在<form onSubmit=”return validateLonginActionForm(this);”>配置提交事件和使用<html:javascript formName=”loginActionForm”/>
具体示例代码如下:
Login.jsp
<%@ page language="java" pageEncoding="GB18030"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://struts.apache.org/tags-bean" prefix="bean" %>
<%@ taglib uri="http://struts.apache.org/tags-html" prefix="html" %>
<%@ taglib uri="http://struts.apache.org/tags-logic" prefix="logic" %>
<%@ taglib uri="http://struts.apache.org/tags-tiles" prefix="tiles" %>
<html:html lang="true">
<head>
<title>login.jsp</title>
</head>
<body>
<html:form action="login.do" method="post" onsubmit="return validateLoginForm(this)">
用户名:<html:text property="name"></html:text><br>
密 码:<html:password property="password"></html:password><br>
<html:submit>提交</html:submit>
<html:reset>重置</html:reset>
</html:form>
<html:javascript formName="loginForm"/>
</body>
</html:html>
LoginAction.java
package com.csu.struts.action;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.struts.action.Action;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
import org.apache.struts.validator.DynaValidatorActionForm;
public class LoginAction extends Action {
public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,
HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
DynaValidatorActionForm loginForm = (DynaValidatorActionForm) form;// TODO Auto-generated method stub
System.out.println("username:"+loginForm.get("name"));
System.out.println("password:"+loginForm.get("password"));
return null;
}
}
Struts-config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.2//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-config_1_2.dtd">
<struts-config>
<data-sources />
<form-beans >
<form-bean name="uploadForm" type="com.csu.struts.form.UploadForm" />
<form-bean name="loginForm" type="org.apache.struts.validator.DynaValidatorActionForm">
<form-property name="password" type="java.lang.String" />
<form-property name="name" type="java.lang.String" />
</form-bean>
</form-beans>
<global-exceptions /><global-forwards />
<action-mappings >
<action
attribute="uploadForm"
input="/upload.jsp"
name="uploadForm"
path="/upload"
scope="request"
type="com.csu.struts.action.UploadAction" />
<action
attribute="loginForm"
input="/form/login.jsp"
name="loginForm"
path="/login"
scope="request"
type="com.csu.struts.action.LoginAction" />
</action-mappings>
<message-resources parameter="com.csu.struts.ApplicationResources" />
<plug-in className="org.apache.struts.validator.ValidatorPlugIn">
<set-property property="pathnames" value="/WEB-INF/validator-rules.xml,/WEB-INF/validator.xml"/>
</plug-in>
</struts-config>
Validator.xml
<!DOCTYPE form-validation PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Commons Validator Rules Configuration 1.1.3//EN"
"http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/dtds/validator_1_1_3.dtd">
<form-validation>
<formset>
<form name="loginForm">
<field property="name" depends="required">
<arg0 key="err.name"/>
</field>
<field property="password" depends="required,minlength">
<arg0 key="err.password"/>
<arg1 key="${var:minlength}" resource="false"/>
<var>
<var-name>minlength</var-name>
<var-value>6</var-value>
</var>
</field>
</form>
</formset>
</form-validation>
ApplicationResources.properties
# Resources for parameter 'com.csu.struts.ApplicationResources'
# Project StrutsDemo
errors.required={0} 不能为空!!
errors.minlength={0} 不能少于 {1} 个字符!!
err.name=用户名
err.password=密码
实际上你的FORM还可以继承ValidatorActionForm和DynaValidatorActionForm,这两种与他们对应的ValidatorForm和DynaValidatorForm的唯一区别是:在struts-config.xml中查找对应的FORM类时,前者根据ACTION的PATH值,而后者使用NAME值