iptables璇﹁В<杞?gt;鏉＄悊娓呮櫚
iptables璇﹁В<杞?gt;--鏉＄悊娓呮櫚
鍘熼摼鎺ワ細http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_6aad8abe01011u7c.html
杞簡绡囧ソ鏂囷紝灏辩己杩欑鏉＄悊娓呮櫚鐨勫ソ鏂囧憪~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~杞悗鎱㈡參娑堝寲锛宨ptables璇﹁В锛堣浆锛?
Netfilter鍖呭惈鏈変笁绉嶈〃锛屼笁绉嶈〃涓嬪叡鍖呭惈鏈変簲绉嶉摼锛岄摼涓嬮潰鍖呭惈鍚勭瑙勫垯銆傚嵆琛ㄥ寘鍚嫢骞查摼锛岄摼鍖呭惈鑻ュ共瑙勫垯銆?
锛堜竴锛変笁绉嶈〃涓猴細filter nat mangle
1銆乫ilter:澶勭悊涓庢湰鏈烘湁鍏崇殑鏁版嵁鍖咃紝鏄粯璁よ〃锛屽寘鍚湁涓夌閾撅細input output forward
2銆乶at琛細涓庢湰鏈烘棤鍏炽€備富瑕佸鐞嗘簮涓庣洰鐨勫湴鍧€IP鍜岀鍙ｇ殑杞崲銆傛湁涓夌閾撅細prerouting postrouting output
3銆乵angle琛細鐢ㄤ簬楂樼骇璺敱淇℃伅鍖咃紝濡傚寘澶村唴鏈夋洿鏀癸紙濡倀os鏀瑰彉鍖呯殑鏈嶅姟绫诲瀷锛宼tl鍖呯殑鐢熷瓨鏃堕棿锛宮ark鐗规畩鏍囪锛夈€傛湁涓ょ閾撅細prerouting output 锛坘ernel 2.4.18鍚庡張鍔犱簡涓ょ閾撅細input forward锛夎繖绉嶈〃寰堝皯浣跨敤銆?
锛堜簩锛変簲绉嶉摼
1銆乸rerouting:杩涘叆netfilter鍚庣殑鏁版嵁鍖呭湪杩涘叆璺敱鍒ゆ柇鍓嶆墽琛岀殑瑙勫垯銆傛敼鍙樺寘銆?
2銆両nput锛氬綋缁忚繃璺敱鍒ゆ柇鍚庯紝瑕佽繘鍏ユ湰鏈虹殑鏁版嵁鍖呮墽琛岀殑瑙勫垯銆?
3銆乷utput:鐢辨湰鏈轰骇鐢燂紝闇€鍚戝鍙戠殑鏁版嵁鍖呮墽琛岀殑瑙勫垯銆?
4銆乫orward:缁忚繃璺敱鍒ゆ柇鍚庯紝鐩殑鍦颁笉鏄湰鏈虹殑鏁版嵁鍖呮墽琛岀殑瑙勫垯銆備笌nat 鍜?mangle琛ㄧ浉鍏宠仈寰堥珮锛屼笌鏈満娌℃湁鍏宠仈銆?
5銆乸ostrouting:缁忚繃璺敱鍒ゆ柇鍚庯紝鍙戦€佸埌缃戝崱鎺ュ彛鍓嶃€傚嵆鏁版嵁鍖呭噯澶囩寮€netfilter鏃舵墽琛岀殑瑙勫垯銆?
iptables璇﹁В锛堣浆锛?
涓婂浘涓紝杩愯涓殑瀹堟姢杩涚▼锛屾槸鎸囨湰鏈恒€侷nput鐨勫寘閮戒細鍙戝埌鏈満銆傛湰鏈哄鐞嗗悗鍐嶇粡output 鍙戝嚭鍘汇€?
锛堜笁锛夋暟鎹寘杩涘叆netfilter鍚庣殑缁忚繃鍥撅細
1銆佹暟鎹寘杩涘叆linux鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ叆鎺ュ彛锛屾帴鍙ｆ妸鏁版嵁鍖呭彂寰€netfilter锛屾暟鎹寘灏辨杩涘叆netfilter銆?
2銆佺粡prerouting澶勭悊锛岋紙濡傛槸鍚﹂渶瑕佹洿鏀规暟鎹寘鐨勬簮IP鍦板潃绛夛級
3銆佹暟鎹寘鍒拌矾鐢憋紝璺敱閫氳繃璺敱琛ㄥ垽鏂暟鎹寘鐨勭洰鐨勫湴銆傚鏋滅洰鐨勫湴鏄湰鏈猴紝灏辨妸鏁版嵁鍖呰浆缁檌ntput澶勭悊鍚庤繘鍏ユ湰鏈恒€傚鏋滅洰鐨勫湴涓嶆槸鏈満锛屽垯鎶婃暟鎹寘杞粰forward澶勭悊銆?
4銆佹暟鎹寘閫氳繃forward澶勭悊鍚庯紝鍐嶈浆缁檖ostrouting澶勭悊锛岋紙鏄惁鏈夌洰鏍囧湴鍧€闇€瑕佹敼鍙樼瓑锛夛紝澶勭悊鍚庢暟鎹寘灏卞嚭浜唍etfilter锛屽埌linux鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ嚭鎺ュ彛锛屽氨鍑轰簡linux鏈嶅姟鍣ㄣ€?
5銆佸鏋滄暟鎹寘杩涗簡鏈満鍚庣粡杩囧鐞嗛渶瑕佸鍙戞暟鎹寘锛屾垨鏈満鑷韩鏈夋暟鎹寘闇€瑕佸鍙戯紝灏辨妸鏁版嵁鍖呭彂缁檕utput閾捐繘琛屽鐞嗗悗锛岃浆缁檖ostrouting澶勭悊鍚庯紝鍑簂inux鏈嶅姟鍣ㄣ€傝繘鍏ュ闈㈢殑鑺辫姳涓栫晫銆?
锛堝洓锛夎鍒欑殑鎵ц椤哄簭
褰撴暟鎹寘杩涘叆netfilter锛屽氨浼氬拰閲岄潰鐨勮鍒欒繘琛屽姣斻€傝鍒欐槸鏈夐『搴忕殑銆?
鍏堝拰瑙勫垯1瀵规瘮锛屽鏋滃拰瑙勫垯1鐩稿尮閰嶏紝琚鍒?鎺ュ彈锛坅ccept锛夛紝鍒欐暟鎹皢涓嶅啀鍜屽悗闈㈢殑瑙勫垯杩涜瀵规瘮銆傚鏋滀笉鍖归厤锛屽垯鎸夐『搴忓拰鍚庨潰鐨勮鍒欒繘琛屽姣旓紝鐩村埌琚帴鍙椼€傚鏋滄墍鏈夌殑瑙勫垯閮戒笉鍖归厤锛屽垯杩涜榛樿绛栫暐鎿嶄綔锛屼互鍐冲畾鏁版嵁鍖呯殑鍘诲悜銆傛墍浠ヨ鍒欑殑椤哄簭寰堥噸瑕併€?
IPTABLE涓昏鏄悊瑙ｄ笂闈㈢殑鍐呭锛屼竴浜涜缁嗗弬鏁板彲浠ヨ闄勪欢涓殑鎸囧崡銆?
浜屻€乮ptalbe璇硶鍙婂弬鏁?
iptable [-t table] command [chain] [match][-j target]
娉ㄩ噴锛歩ptable [-t 琛ㄥ悕] -鍛戒护 [閾炬帴] [鍖归厤] [-j 鍔ㄤ綔/鐩爣]
锛堜竴锛?table (琛級
1銆乫ilter琛細榛樿鐢╢ilter琛ㄦ墽琛屾墍鏈夌殑鍛戒护銆傚彧鎿嶄綔涓庢湰鏈烘湁鍏崇殑鏁版嵁鍖呫€?
2銆乶at琛細涓昏鐢ㄤ簬NAT鍦板潃杞崲銆傚彧鏈夋暟鎹祦鐨勭涓€涓暟鎹寘琚繖涓摼鍖归厤锛屽悗闈㈢殑鍖呬細鑷姩鍋氱浉鍚岀殑澶勭悊銆?
鍒嗕负:DNAT锛堢洰鏍囧湴鍧€杞崲锛夈€丼NAT锛堟簮鍦板潃杞崲锛夈€丮ASQUERADE
锛?锛塂NAT鎿嶄綔涓昏鐢ㄥ湪杩欐牱涓€绉嶆儏鍐碉紝浣犳湁涓€涓悎娉曠殑IP鍦板潃锛岃鎶婂闃茬伀澧欑殑璁块棶 閲嶅畾鍚戝埌鍏朵粬鐨勬満瀛愪笂锛堟瘮濡侱MZ锛夈€備篃灏辨槸璇达紝鎴戜滑鏀瑰彉鐨勬槸鐩殑鍦板潃锛屼互浣垮寘鑳介噸璺敱鍒版煇鍙颁富鏈恒€?
锛?锛塖NAT 鏀瑰彉鍖呯殑婧愬湴鍧€锛岃繖鍦ㄦ瀬澶х▼搴︿笂鍙互闅愯棌浣犵殑鏈湴缃戠粶鎴栬€匘MZ绛夈€傚唴缃戝埌澶栫綉鐨勬槧灏勩€?
锛?锛塎ASQUERADE 鐨勪綔鐢ㄥ拰SNAT瀹屽叏涓€鏍凤紝鍙槸璁＄畻鏈虹殑璐熻嵎绋嶅井澶氫竴鐐广€傚洜涓哄姣忎釜鍖归厤鐨勫寘锛孧ASQUERADE閮借鏌ユ壘鍙敤鐨処P鍦板潃锛岃€屼笉璞NAT鐢ㄧ殑IP鍦板潃鏄厤缃ソ鐨勩€傚綋鐒讹紝杩欎篃鏈夊ソ澶勶紝灏辨槸鎴戜滑鍙互浣跨敤閫氳繃PPP銆?PPPOE銆丼LIP绛夋嫧鍙峰緱鍒扮殑鍦板潃锛岃繖浜涘湴鍧€鍙槸鐢盜SP鐨凞HCP闅忔満鍒嗛厤鐨勩€?
3銆乵angle琛細鐢ㄦ潵鏀瑰彉鏁版嵁鍖呯殑楂樼骇鐗规€э紝涓€鑸笉鐢ㄣ€?
(浜? command(鍛戒护锛夎瑙?
1銆?-A鎴栬€?-append //灏嗕竴鏉℃垨澶氭潯瑙勫垯鍔犲埌閾惧熬
2銆?-D鎴栬€?-delete //浠庨摼涓垹闄よ瑙勫垯
3銆?-R鎴栬€?-replace //浠庢墍閫夐摼涓浛鎹竴鏉¤鍒?
4銆?-L鎴栬€?-list //鏄剧ず閾剧殑鎵€鏈夎鍒?
5銆?-I鎴栬€?-inset //鏍规嵁缁欏嚭鐨勮鍒欏簭鍙凤紝鍦ㄩ摼涓彃鍏ヨ鍒欍€傛寜搴忓彿鐨勯『搴忔彃鍏ワ紝濡傛槸 鈥?鈥濆氨鎻掑叆閾鹃
6銆?-X鎴栬€?-delete-chain //鐢ㄦ潵鍒犻櫎鐢ㄦ埛鑷畾涔夐摼涓鍒欍€傚繀椤讳繚璇侀摼涓殑瑙勫垯閮戒笉鍦ㄤ娇鐢ㄦ椂鎵嶈兘鍒犻櫎閾俱€傚娌℃湁鎸囧畾閾撅紝灏嗗垹闄ゆ墍鏈夎嚜瀹氫箟閾句腑鐨勮鍒欍€?
7銆?-F鎴栬€?-flush //娓呯┖鎵€閫夐摼涓殑鎵€鏈夎鍒欍€傚鎸囧畾閾惧悕锛屽垯鍒犻櫎瀵瑰簲閾剧殑鎵€鏈夎鍒欍€傚娌℃湁鎸囧畾閾惧悕锛屽垯鍒犻櫎鎵€鏈夐摼鐨勬墍鏈夎鍒欍€?
8銆?-N鎴栬€?-new-chain //鐢ㄥ懡浠や腑鎵€鎸囧畾鐨勫悕瀛楀垱寤轰竴涓柊閾俱€?
9銆?-P鎴栬€?-policy //璁剧疆閾剧殑榛樿鐩爣锛屽嵆绛栫暐銆?涓庨摼涓换浣曡鍒欓兘涓嶅尮閰嶇殑淇℃伅鍖呭皢寮哄埗浣跨敤姝ゅ懡浠や腑鎸囧畾鐨勭瓥鐣ャ€?
10銆?Z鎴栬€?-zero //灏嗘寚瀹氶摼涓殑鎵€鏈夎鍒欑殑鍖呭瓧鑺傝鏁板櫒娓呴浂銆?
锛堜笁锛?match 鍖归厤
鍒嗕负鍥涘ぇ绫伙細閫氱敤鍖归厤銆侀殣鍚尮閰嶃€佹樉绀哄尮閰嶃€侀拡瀵归潪姝ｅ父鍖呯殑鍖归厤
1銆侀€氱敤鍖归厤
鏃犺鎴戜滑浣跨敤浣曠鍗忚锛岃鍏ヤ綍绉嶆墿灞曪紝閫氱敤鍖归厤閮藉彲浠ヤ娇鐢ㄣ€備笉闇€瑕佸墠鎻愭潯浠?
锛?锛?-p(灏忓啓锛夋垨--protocol
鐢ㄦ潵妫€鏌ユ煇浜涚壒瀹氬崗璁€傚崗璁湁TCP\UDP\ICMP涓夌銆傚彲鐢ㄩ€楀彿鍒嗗紑杩欎笁绉嶅崗璁殑浠讳綍缁勫悎銆備篃鍙敤鈥滐紒鈥濆彿杩涜鍙栧弽锛岃〃绀洪櫎璇ュ崗璁鐨勫墿涓嬬殑鍗忚銆備篃鍙敤all琛ㄧず鍏ㄩ儴鍗忚銆傞粯璁ゆ槸all锛屼絾鍙唬琛╰cp\udp\icmp涓夌鍗忚銆?
$ iptable -A INPUT -p TCP,UDP
$ iptable -A INPUT -p ! ICMP //杩欎袱绉嶈〃绀虹殑鎰忔€濅负涓€鏍风殑銆?
(2) -s 鎴?--source
浠p婧愬湴鍧€鍖归厤鍖呫€傛牴鎹簮鍦板潃鑼冨洿纭畾鏄惁鍏佽鎴栨嫆缁濇暟鎹寘閫氳繃杩囨护鍣ㄣ€傚彲浣跨敤 鈥滐紒鈥濈鍙枫€?nbsp; 榛樿鏄尮閰嶆墍鏈塱p鍦板潃銆?
鍙槸鍗曚釜Ip鍦板潃锛屼篃鍙互鎸囧畾涓€涓綉娈点€?nbsp; 濡傦細 192.168.1.1/255.255.255.255 琛ㄧず涓€涓湴鍧€銆?nbsp; 192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0 琛ㄧず涓€涓綉娈点€?
锛?锛?-d 鎴?--destination
鐢ㄧ洰鐨処p鍦板潃鏉ヤ笌瀹冧滑鍖归厤銆備笌 source 鐨勬牸寮忕敤娉曚竴鏍?
锛?锛?nbsp; -i
浠ュ寘杩涘叆鏈湴鎵€浣跨敤鐨勭綉缁滄帴鍙ｆ潵鍖归厤鍖呫€傚彧鑳界敤INPUT \ FORWARD \PREROUTING 涓変釜閾句腑銆傜敤鍦ㄥ叾浠栦换浣曢摼涓兘浼氬嚭閿欍€?
鍙娇鐢ㄢ€?鈥?nbsp; 鈥滐紒鈥濅袱绉嶇鍙枫€?
鍙敤涓€涓€?"鍙凤紝琛ㄧず鍖归厤鎵€鏈夌殑鍖咃紝涓嶈€冭檻浣跨敤鍝釜鎺ュ彛銆傚锛?iptable -A INPUT -i + //琛ㄥ尮閰嶆墍鏈夌殑鍖呫€?
鏀惧湪鏌愮被鎺ュ彛鍚庨潰锛岃〃绀烘墍鏈夋绫绘帴鍙ｇ浉鍖归厤銆傚锛?nbsp; iptable -A INPUT -i eth+ //琛ㄧず鍖归厤鎵€鏈塭thernet 鎺ュ彛銆?
锛?锛?nbsp; -o
浠ユ暟鎹寘鍑烘湰鍦版墍浣跨敤鐨勭綉缁滄帴鍙ｆ潵鍖归厤鍖呫€備笌-i涓€鏍风殑浣跨敤鏂规硶銆?
鍙兘鐢∣UTPUT \ FORWARD \POSTROUTING 涓変釜閾句腑銆傜敤鍦ㄥ叾浠栦换浣曢摼涓兘浼氬嚭閿欍€?
鍙娇鐢ㄢ€?鈥?nbsp; 鈥滐紒鈥濅袱绉嶇鍙枫€?
锛?锛?nbsp; -f (鎴?nbsp; --fragment )
鐢ㄦ潵鍖归厤涓€涓鍒嗙墖鐨勫寘鐨勭浜岀墖鎴栦互鍚庣殑閮ㄥ垎銆傚洜涓€涓暟鎹寘琚垎鎴愬鐗囦互鍚庯紝鍙湁绗竴鐗囧甫鏈夋簮鎴栫洰鏍囧湴鍧€銆傚悗闈㈢殑閮戒笉甯?锛屾墍浠ュ彧鑳界敤杩欎釜鏉ュ尮閰嶃€傚彲闃叉纰庣墖鏀诲嚮銆?
2銆侀殣鍚尮閰?
杩欑鍖归厤鏄殣鍚殑锛岃嚜鍔ㄧ殑杞藉叆鍐呮牳鐨勩€傚鎴戜滑浣跨敤 --protocol tcp 灏卞彲浠ヨ嚜鍔ㄥ尮閰峊CP鍖呯浉鍏崇殑鐗圭偣銆?
鍒嗕笁绉嶄笉鍚屽崗璁殑闅愬惈鍖归厤:tcp udp icmp
2.1 tcp match
tcp match 鍙兘闅愬惈鍖归厤TCP鍖呮垨娴佺殑缁嗚妭銆備絾蹇呴』鏈?nbsp; -p tcp 浣滀负鍓嶆彁鏉′欢銆?
锛?.1.1锛?nbsp; TCP --sport
鍩轰簬tcp鍖呯殑婧愮鍙ｅ尮閰嶅寘 锛屼笉鎸囧畾姝ら」鍒欒〃绀烘墍鏈夌鍙ｃ€?
iptable -A INPUT -p TCP --sport 22:80 //TCP婧愮鍙ｅ彿22鍒?0涔嬮棿鐨勬墍鏈夌鍙ｃ€?
iptable -A INPUT -p TCP --sport 22: //TCP婧愮鍙ｅ彿22鍒?5535涔嬮棿鐨勬墍鏈夌鍙ｃ€?nbsp;
锛?.1.2锛?nbsp; TCP --dport
鍩轰簬tcp鍖呯殑鐩殑绔彛鏉ュ尮閰嶅寘銆?nbsp; 涓?-sport绔彛鐢ㄦ硶涓€鏍枫€?
锛?.1.3锛?nbsp; TCP --flags
鍖归厤鎸囧畾鐨凾CP鏍囪銆?
iptable -p TCP --tcp-flags SYN,FIN,ACK SYN
2.2 UDP match
锛?.1.1锛?nbsp; UDP --sport
鍩轰簬UDP鍖呯殑婧愮鍙ｅ尮閰嶅寘 锛屼笉鎸囧畾姝ら」鍒欒〃绀烘墍鏈夌鍙ｃ€?
锛?.1.1锛?nbsp; UDP --dport
鍩轰簬UDP鍖呯殑鐩殑绔彛鍖归厤鍖?nbsp; 锛屼笉鎸囧畾姝ら」鍒欒〃绀烘墍鏈夌鍙ｃ€?
2.3 icmp match
icmp --icmp-type
鏍规嵁ICMP绫诲瀷鍖呭尮閰嶃€傜被鍨?鐨勬寚瀹氬彲浠ヤ娇鐢ㄥ崄杩涘埗鏁版垨鐩稿叧鐨勫悕瀛楋紝涓嶅悓鐨勭被鍨嬶紝鏈変笉鍚岀殑ICMP鏁板€艰〃绀恒€備篃鍙互鐢ㄢ€滐紒鈥濆彇鍙嶃€?
渚嬶細 iptable -A INPUT -p icmp-imcp-type 8
3銆佹樉绀哄尮閰?
鏄剧ず鍖归厤蹇呴』鐢?nbsp; -m瑁?杞姐€?
锛?锛塴imit match
蹇呴』鐢?-m limit 鏄庣‘鎸囧嚭銆?nbsp; 鍙互瀵规寚瀹氱殑瑙勫垯鐨勫尮閰嶆鏁板姞浠ラ檺鍒躲€傚嵆锛屽綋鏌愭潯瑙勫垯鍖归厤鍒颁竴瀹氭鏁板悗锛屽氨涓嶅啀鍖归厤銆備篃灏辨槸闄愬埗鍙尮閰嶅寘鐨勬暟閲忋€傝繖鏍峰彲浠ラ槻姝OS鏀诲嚮銆?
闄愬埗鏂规硶锛?璁惧畾瀵规煇鏉¤鍒?鐨勫尮閰嶆渶澶ф鏁般€傝涓€涓檺瀹氬€?銆?褰撳埌杈鹃檺瀹氬€间互鍚庯紝灏卞仠姝㈠尮閰嶃€備絾鏈変釜瑙勫畾锛屽湪瓒呰繃闄愬埗娆℃暟鍚庯紝浠嶄細姣忛殧涓€娈垫椂闂村啀澧炲姞涓€娆″尮閰嶆鏁般€備絾澧炲姞鐨勭┖闂插尮閰嶆暟鏈€澶ф暟閲忎笉瓒呰繃鏈€澶ч檺鍒舵鏁般€?
--limit rate
鏈€澶у钩鍧囧尮閰嶉€熺巼锛氬彲璧嬬殑鍊兼湁'/second', '/minute', '/hour', or '/day'杩欐牱鐨勫崟浣嶏紝榛樿鏄?/hour銆?
--limit-burst number
寰呭尮閰嶅寘鍒濆涓暟鐨勬渶澶у€?鑻ュ墠闈㈡寚瀹氱殑鏋侀檺杩樻病杈惧埌杩欎釜鏁板€?鍒欐鏁板瓧鍔?.榛樿鍊间负5
iptable -A INPUT -m limit --limt 3/hour //璁剧疆鏈€澶у钩鍧囧尮閰嶉€熺巼銆備篃灏辨槸鍗曚綅鏃堕棿鍐咃紝鍙尮閰嶇殑鏁版嵁鍖呬釜鏁般€?nbsp; --limt 鏄寚瀹氶殧澶?闀挎椂闂村彂涓€娆￠€氳璇併€?
iptable -A INPUT -m limit --limit-burst 5 //璁惧畾鍒氬紑濮嬪彂鏀?涓€氳璇侊紝涔熸渶澶氬彧鍙尮閰?涓暟鎹寘銆?
锛?锛?mac match
鍙兘鍖归厤MAC婧愬湴鍧€銆傚熀浜庡寘鐨凪AC婧愬湴鍧€鍖归厤鍖?
iptable -A INPUT -m mac --mac-source 00:00:eb:1c:24 //婧愬湴鍧€鍖归厤浜汳AC鍦板潃
(3) mark match
浠ユ暟鎹寘琚?璁剧疆鐨凪ARK鏉ュ尮閰嶅寘銆傝繖涓€肩敱 MARK TARGET 鏉ヨ缃殑銆?
锛?锛?nbsp; multiport match
杩欎釜妯″潡鍖归厤涓€缁勬簮绔彛鎴栫洰鏍囩鍙?鏈€澶氬彲浠ユ寚瀹?5涓鍙ｃ€傚彧鑳藉拰-p tcp 鎴栬€?-p udp 杩炵潃浣跨敤銆?
澶氱鍙ｅ尮閰嶆墿灞曡鎴戜滑鑳藉鍦ㄤ竴鏉¤鍒欓噷鎸囧畾涓嶈繛缁殑澶氫釜绔彛銆傚鏋滄病鏈夎繖涓墿灞曪紝鎴戜滑鍙兘鎸夌鍙ｆ潵鍐欒鍒欎簡銆傝繖鍙槸鏍囧噯绔彛鍖归厤鐨勫寮虹増銆備笉鑳藉湪涓€鏉¤鍒欓噷鍚屾椂鐢ㄦ爣鍑嗙鍙ｅ尮閰嶅拰澶氱鍙ｅ尮閰嶃€?
涓変釜閫夐」锛?nbsp; --source-port ; --destination-port ; --port
iptable -A INPUT -p TCP -m multiport --source-port 22,28,115
iptable -A INPUT -p TCP -m multiport --destination-port 22,28,115
iptable -A INPUT -p TCP -m multiport --port 22,28,115
(5) state match
鐘舵€佸尮閰嶆墿灞曡鏈夊唴鏍搁噷鐨勮繛鎺ヨ窡韪唬鐮佺殑鍗忓姪銆傚洜涓烘槸浠庤繛鎺ヨ窡韪満鍒跺緱鍒板寘鐨勭姸鎬併€傝繖鏍蜂笉鍙互浜嗚В鎵€澶勭殑鐘舵€併€?
锛?) tos match
鏍规嵁TOS瀛楁鍖归厤鍖咃紝鐢ㄦ潵鎺у埗浼樺厛绾с€?
(7) ttl match
鏍规嵁IP澶撮噷鐨凾TL瀛楁鏉ュ尮閰嶅寘銆?
鐢ㄦ潵鏇存敼鍖呯殑TTL锛屾湁浜汭SP鏍规嵁TTL鏉ュ垽鏂槸涓嶆槸鏈夊鍙版満鍣ㄥ叡浜繛鎺ヤ笂缃戙€?
iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -j TTL --ttl-set 64
iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -j TTL --ttl-dec 1
# 绂诲紑闃茬伀澧欑殑鏃跺€欏疄闄呬笂TTL宸茬粡-2浜嗭紝鍥犱负闃茬伀澧欐湰韬-1涓€娆°€?
iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -j TTL --ttl-inc 1
# 绂诲紑闃茬伀澧欑殑鏃跺€欎笉澧炰笉鍑忥紝tracert灏变笉濂界敤浜嗭紝鍛靛懙銆?
锛?锛?owner match
鍩轰簬鍖呯殑鐢熸垚鑰咃紙鍗虫墍鏈夎€呮垨鎷ユ湁鑰咃級鐨処D鏉ュ尮閰嶅寘銆?
owner 鍙互鏄惎鍔ㄨ繘绋嬬殑鐢ㄦ埛鐨処D锛屾垨鐢ㄦ埛鎵€鍦ㄧ殑绾х殑ID鎴栬繘绋嬬殑ID锛屾垨浼氳瘽鐨処D銆傛鍙兘鐢ㄥ湪OUTPUT 涓€?
姝ゆā鍧楄涓烘湰鍦扮敓鎴愬寘鍖归厤鍖呭垱寤鸿€呯殑涓嶅悓鐗瑰緛銆傝€屼笖鍗充娇杩欐牱涓€浜涘寘锛堝ICMP ping搴旂瓟锛夎繕鍙兘娌℃湁鎵€鏈夎€咃紝鍥犳姘歌繙涓嶄細鍖归厤銆?
--uid-owner userid
濡傛灉缁欏嚭鏈夋晥鐨剈ser id锛岄偅涔堝尮閰嶅畠鐨勮繘绋嬩骇鐢熺殑鍖呫€?
--gid-owner groupid
濡傛灉缁欏嚭鏈夋晥鐨刧roup id锛岄偅涔堝尮閰嶅畠鐨勮繘绋嬩骇鐢熺殑鍖呫€?
--sid-owner seessionid
鏍规嵁缁欏嚭鐨勪細璇濈粍鍖归厤璇ヨ繘绋嬩骇鐢熺殑鍖呫€?
锛?鍥涳級 targets/jump
鎸囩敱瑙勫垯鎸囧畾鐨勬搷浣滐紝瀵逛笌瑙勫垯鍖归厤鐨勪俊鎭寘鎵ц浠€涔堝姩浣溿€?
1銆乤ccept
杩欎釜鍙傛暟娌℃湁浠讳綍閫夐」銆傛寚瀹?nbsp; -j accept 鍗冲彲銆?
涓€鏃︽弧 瓒冲尮閰嶄笉鍐嶅幓鍖归厤琛ㄦ垨閾惧唴瀹氫箟鐨勫叾浠栬鍒欍€備絾瀹冭繕鍙兘浼氬尮閰嶅叾浠栬〃鍜岄摼鍐呯殑瑙勫垯銆傚嵆鍦ㄥ悓涓€涓〃鍐呭尮閰嶅悗灏卞埌涓婁负姝紝涓嶅線涓嬬户缁€?
2銆乨rop
-j drop 褰撲俊鎭寘涓庤鍒欏畬鍏ㄥ尮閰嶆椂锛屽皢涓㈠純璇?鍖呫€備笉瀵瑰畠鍋氬鐞嗐€傚苟涓斾笉鍚戝彂閫佽€呰繑鍥炰换浣曚俊鎭€備篃涓嶅悜璺敱鍣ㄨ繑鍥炰俊鎭€?
3銆乺eject
涓巇rop鐩稿悓鐨勫伐浣滄柟寮忥紝涓嶅悓鐨勬槸锛屼涪寮冨寘鍚庯紝浼氬彂閫侀敊璇俊鎭粰鍙戦€佹柟銆?
iptables -A FORWARD -p TCP --dport 22 -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-net-unreachable
4銆丏NAT
鐢ㄥ湪prerouting閾句笂銆?
鍋氱洰鐨勭綉缁滃湴鍧€杞崲鐨勩€傚氨鏄噸鍐欑洰鐨勭殑IP鍦板潃銆?
濡傛灉涓€涓寘琚尮閰嶏紝閭ｄ箞鍜屽畠灞炰簬鍚屼竴涓祦鐨勬墍鏈夌殑鍖呴兘浼氳鑷姩杞崲銆傜劧鍚庡彲浠ヨ璺敱鍒版纭殑涓绘満鍜岀綉缁溿€?
涔熷氨鏄鍚岄槻鐏鐨勫閮ㄥ湴鍧€鏄犲皠銆傛妸澶栭儴鍦板潃鏄犲皠鍒板唴閮ㄥ湴鍧€涓娿€?
iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -d 218.104.235.238 -p TCP --dport 110,125 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.9.1
//鎶婃墍鏈夎闂?18.104.235.238鍦板潃 110.125绔彛鐨勫寘鍏ㄩ儴杞彂鍒?192.168.9.1涓娿€?
--to-destination //鐩殑鍦伴噸鍐?
5銆丼NAT
鐢ㄥ湪nat 琛ㄧ殑postrouting閾捐〃銆傝繖涓拰DNAT鐩稿弽銆傛槸鍋氭簮鍦板潃杞崲銆傚氨鏄噸鍐欐簮鍦板潃IP銆?甯哥敤鍦ㄥ唴閮ㄧ綉鍒板閮ㄧ綉鐨勮浆鎹€?
--to-source
iptables -t nat POSTROUTING -o eth0 -p tcp -j SNAT --to-source 218.107.248.127 //浠巈th0鎺ュ彛寰€澶栧彂鐨勬暟鎹寘閮芥妸婧愬湴鍧€閲嶅啓涓?18.107.248.127
********************
iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp -d 15.45.23.67 --dport 80 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.1.9
# 灏嗘墍鏈夌殑璁块棶15.45.23.67:80绔彛鐨勬暟鎹仛DNAT鍙戝埌192.168.1.9:80
濡傛灉鍜?92.168.1.9鍦ㄥ悓涓€鍐呯綉鐨勬満鍣ㄨ璁块棶15.45.23.67锛岄槻鐏杩橀渶瑕佸仛璁剧疆锛屾敼鍙樻簮IP涓洪槻鐏鍐呯綉IP 192.168.1.1銆傚惁鍒欐暟鎹寘鐩存帴鍙戠粰鍐呯綉鏈哄櫒锛屽鏂瑰皢涓㈠純銆?
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -p tcp --dst 15.45.23.67 --dport 80 -j SNAT --to-source 192.168.1.1
# 灏嗘墍鏈夌殑璁块棶15.45.23.67:80绔彛鐨勬暟鎹寘婧怚P鏀逛负192.168.1.1
濡傛灉闃茬伀澧欎篃闇€瑕佽闂?5.45.23.67:80锛屽垯闇€瑕佸湪OUTPUT閾句腑娣诲姞锛屽洜涓洪槻鐏鑷繁鍙戝嚭鐨勫寘涓嶇粡杩嘝REROUTING銆?
iptables -t nat -A OUTPUT --dst 15.45.23.67 --dport 80 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.1.9
********************
6銆丮ASQUERADE
masquerade 鐨勪綔鐢ㄥ拰 SNAT鐨勪綔鐢ㄦ槸涓€鏍风殑銆?鍖哄埆鏄紝浠栦笉闇€瑕佹寚瀹氬浐瀹氱殑杞崲鍚庣殑IP鍦板潃銆備笓闂ㄧ敤鏉ヨ璁″姩鎬佽幏鍙朓P鍦板潃鐨勮繛鎺ョ殑銆?
MASQUERADE鐨勪綔鐢ㄦ槸锛屼粠鏈嶅姟鍣ㄧ殑缃戝崱涓婏紝鑷姩鑾峰彇褰撳墠ip鍦板潃鏉ュ仛NAT
濡傚閲岀殑ADSL涓婄綉锛屽缃戠殑IP鍦板潃涓嶆槸鍥哄畾鐨勶紝浣犳棤娉曞浐瀹氱殑璁惧畾NAT杞崲鍚庣殑IP鍦板潃銆傝繖鏃跺氨闇€瑕佺敤masquerade鏉ュ姩鎬佽幏鍙栦簡銆?
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.1.0/24 -j masquerade //鍗虫妸192.168.1.0 杩欎釜缃戞鐨勫湴鍧€閮介噸鍐欎负鍔ㄦ€佺殑澶栭儴IP鍦板潃銆?
7銆丷EDIRECT
鍙兘鍦∟AT琛ㄤ腑鐨凱REROUTING OUTPUT 閾句腑浣跨敤
鍦ㄩ槻鐏鎵€鍦ㄧ殑鏈哄瓙鍐呴儴杞彂鍖呮垨娴佸埌鍙︿竴涓鍙ｃ€傛瘮濡傦紝鎴戜滑鍙互鎶婃墍鏈夊幓寰€绔彛HTTP鐨勫寘REDIRECT鍒癏TTP proxy锛堜緥濡俿quid锛夛紝褰撶劧杩欓兘鍙戠敓鍦ㄦ垜浠嚜宸辩殑涓绘満鍐呴儴銆?
--to-ports
iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 8080
涓嶄娇鐢ㄨ繖涓€夐」锛岀洰鐨勭鍙ｄ笉浼氳鏀瑰彉銆?
鎸囧畾涓€涓鍙ｏ紝濡?-to-ports 8080
鎸囧畾绔彛鑼冨洿锛屽--to-ports 8080-8090
8銆丷ETURN
椤惧悕鎬濅箟锛屽畠浣垮寘杩斿洖涓婁竴灞傦紝椤哄簭鏄細瀛愰摼鈥斺€?gt;鐖堕摼鈥斺€?gt;缂虹渷鐨勭瓥鐣ャ€傚叿浣撳湴璇达紝灏辨槸鑻ュ寘鍦ㄥ瓙閾句腑閬囧埌浜哛ETURN锛屽垯杩斿洖鐖堕摼鐨勪笅涓€鏉¤鍒欑户缁繘琛屾潯浠剁殑姣旇緝锛岃嫢鏄湪鐖堕摼锛堟垨绉颁富閾撅紝姣斿INPUT锛変腑閬囧埌浜哛ETURN锛屽氨瑕佽缂虹渷鐨勭瓥鐣ワ紙涓€鑸槸ACCEPT鎴朌ROP锛夋搷浣滀簡銆傦紙璇戣€呮敞锛氳繖寰堣薄C璇█涓嚱鏁拌繑鍥炲€肩殑鎯呭喌锛?
9銆丮IRROR
棰犲€扞P澶翠腑鐨勬簮鍦板潃涓庣洰鐨勫湴鍧€锛屽啀杞彂銆?
10銆丩OG
鍦ㄥ唴鏍哥┖闂磋褰曟棩蹇楋紝dmesg绛夋墠鑳界湅銆?
11銆乁LOG
鍦ㄧ敤鎴风┖闂磋褰曟棩蹇椼€?
锛堜簲锛塈P杞彂鍔熻兘
鎵撳紑杞彂IP鍔熻兘锛圛P forwarding锛夛細
echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
濡傛灉浣跨敤PPP銆丏HCP绛夊姩鎬両P锛岄渶瑕佹墦寮€锛?
echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_dynaddr
鍘熼摼鎺ワ細http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_6aad8abe01011u7c.html
杞簡绡囧ソ鏂囷紝灏辩己杩欑鏉＄悊娓呮櫚鐨勫ソ鏂囧憪~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~杞悗鎱㈡參娑堝寲锛宨ptables璇﹁В锛堣浆锛?
Netfilter鍖呭惈鏈変笁绉嶈〃锛屼笁绉嶈〃涓嬪叡鍖呭惈鏈変簲绉嶉摼锛岄摼涓嬮潰鍖呭惈鍚勭瑙勫垯銆傚嵆琛ㄥ寘鍚嫢骞查摼锛岄摼鍖呭惈鑻ュ共瑙勫垯銆?
锛堜竴锛変笁绉嶈〃涓猴細filter nat mangle
1銆乫ilter:澶勭悊涓庢湰鏈烘湁鍏崇殑鏁版嵁鍖咃紝鏄粯璁よ〃锛屽寘鍚湁涓夌閾撅細input output forward
2銆乶at琛細涓庢湰鏈烘棤鍏炽€備富瑕佸鐞嗘簮涓庣洰鐨勫湴鍧€IP鍜岀鍙ｇ殑杞崲銆傛湁涓夌閾撅細prerouting postrouting output
3銆乵angle琛細鐢ㄤ簬楂樼骇璺敱淇℃伅鍖咃紝濡傚寘澶村唴鏈夋洿鏀癸紙濡倀os鏀瑰彉鍖呯殑鏈嶅姟绫诲瀷锛宼tl鍖呯殑鐢熷瓨鏃堕棿锛宮ark鐗规畩鏍囪锛夈€傛湁涓ょ閾撅細prerouting output 锛坘ernel 2.4.18鍚庡張鍔犱簡涓ょ閾撅細input forward锛夎繖绉嶈〃寰堝皯浣跨敤銆?
锛堜簩锛変簲绉嶉摼
1銆乸rerouting:杩涘叆netfilter鍚庣殑鏁版嵁鍖呭湪杩涘叆璺敱鍒ゆ柇鍓嶆墽琛岀殑瑙勫垯銆傛敼鍙樺寘銆?
2銆両nput锛氬綋缁忚繃璺敱鍒ゆ柇鍚庯紝瑕佽繘鍏ユ湰鏈虹殑鏁版嵁鍖呮墽琛岀殑瑙勫垯銆?
3銆乷utput:鐢辨湰鏈轰骇鐢燂紝闇€鍚戝鍙戠殑鏁版嵁鍖呮墽琛岀殑瑙勫垯銆?
4銆乫orward:缁忚繃璺敱鍒ゆ柇鍚庯紝鐩殑鍦颁笉鏄湰鏈虹殑鏁版嵁鍖呮墽琛岀殑瑙勫垯銆備笌nat 鍜?mangle琛ㄧ浉鍏宠仈寰堥珮锛屼笌鏈満娌℃湁鍏宠仈銆?
5銆乸ostrouting:缁忚繃璺敱鍒ゆ柇鍚庯紝鍙戦€佸埌缃戝崱鎺ュ彛鍓嶃€傚嵆鏁版嵁鍖呭噯澶囩寮€netfilter鏃舵墽琛岀殑瑙勫垯銆?
iptables璇﹁В锛堣浆锛?
涓婂浘涓紝杩愯涓殑瀹堟姢杩涚▼锛屾槸鎸囨湰鏈恒€侷nput鐨勫寘閮戒細鍙戝埌鏈満銆傛湰鏈哄鐞嗗悗鍐嶇粡output 鍙戝嚭鍘汇€?
锛堜笁锛夋暟鎹寘杩涘叆netfilter鍚庣殑缁忚繃鍥撅細
1銆佹暟鎹寘杩涘叆linux鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ叆鎺ュ彛锛屾帴鍙ｆ妸鏁版嵁鍖呭彂寰€netfilter锛屾暟鎹寘灏辨杩涘叆netfilter銆?
2銆佺粡prerouting澶勭悊锛岋紙濡傛槸鍚﹂渶瑕佹洿鏀规暟鎹寘鐨勬簮IP鍦板潃绛夛級
3銆佹暟鎹寘鍒拌矾鐢憋紝璺敱閫氳繃璺敱琛ㄥ垽鏂暟鎹寘鐨勭洰鐨勫湴銆傚鏋滅洰鐨勫湴鏄湰鏈猴紝灏辨妸鏁版嵁鍖呰浆缁檌ntput澶勭悊鍚庤繘鍏ユ湰鏈恒€傚鏋滅洰鐨勫湴涓嶆槸鏈満锛屽垯鎶婃暟鎹寘杞粰forward澶勭悊銆?
4銆佹暟鎹寘閫氳繃forward澶勭悊鍚庯紝鍐嶈浆缁檖ostrouting澶勭悊锛岋紙鏄惁鏈夌洰鏍囧湴鍧€闇€瑕佹敼鍙樼瓑锛夛紝澶勭悊鍚庢暟鎹寘灏卞嚭浜唍etfilter锛屽埌linux鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ嚭鎺ュ彛锛屽氨鍑轰簡linux鏈嶅姟鍣ㄣ€?
5銆佸鏋滄暟鎹寘杩涗簡鏈満鍚庣粡杩囧鐞嗛渶瑕佸鍙戞暟鎹寘锛屾垨鏈満鑷韩鏈夋暟鎹寘闇€瑕佸鍙戯紝灏辨妸鏁版嵁鍖呭彂缁檕utput閾捐繘琛屽鐞嗗悗锛岃浆缁檖ostrouting澶勭悊鍚庯紝鍑簂inux鏈嶅姟鍣ㄣ€傝繘鍏ュ闈㈢殑鑺辫姳涓栫晫銆?
锛堝洓锛夎鍒欑殑鎵ц椤哄簭
褰撴暟鎹寘杩涘叆netfilter锛屽氨浼氬拰閲岄潰鐨勮鍒欒繘琛屽姣斻€傝鍒欐槸鏈夐『搴忕殑銆?
鍏堝拰瑙勫垯1瀵规瘮锛屽鏋滃拰瑙勫垯1鐩稿尮閰嶏紝琚鍒?鎺ュ彈锛坅ccept锛夛紝鍒欐暟鎹皢涓嶅啀鍜屽悗闈㈢殑瑙勫垯杩涜瀵规瘮銆傚鏋滀笉鍖归厤锛屽垯鎸夐『搴忓拰鍚庨潰鐨勮鍒欒繘琛屽姣旓紝鐩村埌琚帴鍙椼€傚鏋滄墍鏈夌殑瑙勫垯閮戒笉鍖归厤锛屽垯杩涜榛樿绛栫暐鎿嶄綔锛屼互鍐冲畾鏁版嵁鍖呯殑鍘诲悜銆傛墍浠ヨ鍒欑殑椤哄簭寰堥噸瑕併€?
IPTABLE涓昏鏄悊瑙ｄ笂闈㈢殑鍐呭锛屼竴浜涜缁嗗弬鏁板彲浠ヨ闄勪欢涓殑鎸囧崡銆?
浜屻€乮ptalbe璇硶鍙婂弬鏁?
iptable [-t table] command [chain] [match][-j target]
娉ㄩ噴锛歩ptable [-t 琛ㄥ悕] -鍛戒护 [閾炬帴] [鍖归厤] [-j 鍔ㄤ綔/鐩爣]
锛堜竴锛?table (琛級
1銆乫ilter琛細榛樿鐢╢ilter琛ㄦ墽琛屾墍鏈夌殑鍛戒护銆傚彧鎿嶄綔涓庢湰鏈烘湁鍏崇殑鏁版嵁鍖呫€?
2銆乶at琛細涓昏鐢ㄤ簬NAT鍦板潃杞崲銆傚彧鏈夋暟鎹祦鐨勭涓€涓暟鎹寘琚繖涓摼鍖归厤锛屽悗闈㈢殑鍖呬細鑷姩鍋氱浉鍚岀殑澶勭悊銆?
鍒嗕负:DNAT锛堢洰鏍囧湴鍧€杞崲锛夈€丼NAT锛堟簮鍦板潃杞崲锛夈€丮ASQUERADE
锛?锛塂NAT鎿嶄綔涓昏鐢ㄥ湪杩欐牱涓€绉嶆儏鍐碉紝浣犳湁涓€涓悎娉曠殑IP鍦板潃锛岃鎶婂闃茬伀澧欑殑璁块棶 閲嶅畾鍚戝埌鍏朵粬鐨勬満瀛愪笂锛堟瘮濡侱MZ锛夈€備篃灏辨槸璇达紝鎴戜滑鏀瑰彉鐨勬槸鐩殑鍦板潃锛屼互浣垮寘鑳介噸璺敱鍒版煇鍙颁富鏈恒€?
锛?锛塖NAT 鏀瑰彉鍖呯殑婧愬湴鍧€锛岃繖鍦ㄦ瀬澶х▼搴︿笂鍙互闅愯棌浣犵殑鏈湴缃戠粶鎴栬€匘MZ绛夈€傚唴缃戝埌澶栫綉鐨勬槧灏勩€?
锛?锛塎ASQUERADE 鐨勪綔鐢ㄥ拰SNAT瀹屽叏涓€鏍凤紝鍙槸璁＄畻鏈虹殑璐熻嵎绋嶅井澶氫竴鐐广€傚洜涓哄姣忎釜鍖归厤鐨勫寘锛孧ASQUERADE閮借鏌ユ壘鍙敤鐨処P鍦板潃锛岃€屼笉璞NAT鐢ㄧ殑IP鍦板潃鏄厤缃ソ鐨勩€傚綋鐒讹紝杩欎篃鏈夊ソ澶勶紝灏辨槸鎴戜滑鍙互浣跨敤閫氳繃PPP銆?PPPOE銆丼LIP绛夋嫧鍙峰緱鍒扮殑鍦板潃锛岃繖浜涘湴鍧€鍙槸鐢盜SP鐨凞HCP闅忔満鍒嗛厤鐨勩€?
3銆乵angle琛細鐢ㄦ潵鏀瑰彉鏁版嵁鍖呯殑楂樼骇鐗规€э紝涓€鑸笉鐢ㄣ€?
(浜? command(鍛戒护锛夎瑙?
1銆?-A鎴栬€?-append //灏嗕竴鏉℃垨澶氭潯瑙勫垯鍔犲埌閾惧熬
2銆?-D鎴栬€?-delete //浠庨摼涓垹闄よ瑙勫垯
3銆?-R鎴栬€?-replace //浠庢墍閫夐摼涓浛鎹竴鏉¤鍒?
4銆?-L鎴栬€?-list //鏄剧ず閾剧殑鎵€鏈夎鍒?
5銆?-I鎴栬€?-inset //鏍规嵁缁欏嚭鐨勮鍒欏簭鍙凤紝鍦ㄩ摼涓彃鍏ヨ鍒欍€傛寜搴忓彿鐨勯『搴忔彃鍏ワ紝濡傛槸 鈥?鈥濆氨鎻掑叆閾鹃
6銆?-X鎴栬€?-delete-chain //鐢ㄦ潵鍒犻櫎鐢ㄦ埛鑷畾涔夐摼涓鍒欍€傚繀椤讳繚璇侀摼涓殑瑙勫垯閮戒笉鍦ㄤ娇鐢ㄦ椂鎵嶈兘鍒犻櫎閾俱€傚娌℃湁鎸囧畾閾撅紝灏嗗垹闄ゆ墍鏈夎嚜瀹氫箟閾句腑鐨勮鍒欍€?
7銆?-F鎴栬€?-flush //娓呯┖鎵€閫夐摼涓殑鎵€鏈夎鍒欍€傚鎸囧畾閾惧悕锛屽垯鍒犻櫎瀵瑰簲閾剧殑鎵€鏈夎鍒欍€傚娌℃湁鎸囧畾閾惧悕锛屽垯鍒犻櫎鎵€鏈夐摼鐨勬墍鏈夎鍒欍€?
8銆?-N鎴栬€?-new-chain //鐢ㄥ懡浠や腑鎵€鎸囧畾鐨勫悕瀛楀垱寤轰竴涓柊閾俱€?
9銆?-P鎴栬€?-policy //璁剧疆閾剧殑榛樿鐩爣锛屽嵆绛栫暐銆?涓庨摼涓换浣曡鍒欓兘涓嶅尮閰嶇殑淇℃伅鍖呭皢寮哄埗浣跨敤姝ゅ懡浠や腑鎸囧畾鐨勭瓥鐣ャ€?
10銆?Z鎴栬€?-zero //灏嗘寚瀹氶摼涓殑鎵€鏈夎鍒欑殑鍖呭瓧鑺傝鏁板櫒娓呴浂銆?
锛堜笁锛?match 鍖归厤
鍒嗕负鍥涘ぇ绫伙細閫氱敤鍖归厤銆侀殣鍚尮閰嶃€佹樉绀哄尮閰嶃€侀拡瀵归潪姝ｅ父鍖呯殑鍖归厤
1銆侀€氱敤鍖归厤
鏃犺鎴戜滑浣跨敤浣曠鍗忚锛岃鍏ヤ綍绉嶆墿灞曪紝閫氱敤鍖归厤閮藉彲浠ヤ娇鐢ㄣ€備笉闇€瑕佸墠鎻愭潯浠?
锛?锛?-p(灏忓啓锛夋垨--protocol
鐢ㄦ潵妫€鏌ユ煇浜涚壒瀹氬崗璁€傚崗璁湁TCP\UDP\ICMP涓夌銆傚彲鐢ㄩ€楀彿鍒嗗紑杩欎笁绉嶅崗璁殑浠讳綍缁勫悎銆備篃鍙敤鈥滐紒鈥濆彿杩涜鍙栧弽锛岃〃绀洪櫎璇ュ崗璁鐨勫墿涓嬬殑鍗忚銆備篃鍙敤all琛ㄧず鍏ㄩ儴鍗忚銆傞粯璁ゆ槸all锛屼絾鍙唬琛╰cp\udp\icmp涓夌鍗忚銆?
$ iptable -A INPUT -p TCP,UDP
$ iptable -A INPUT -p ! ICMP //杩欎袱绉嶈〃绀虹殑鎰忔€濅负涓€鏍风殑銆?
(2) -s 鎴?--source
浠p婧愬湴鍧€鍖归厤鍖呫€傛牴鎹簮鍦板潃鑼冨洿纭畾鏄惁鍏佽鎴栨嫆缁濇暟鎹寘閫氳繃杩囨护鍣ㄣ€傚彲浣跨敤 鈥滐紒鈥濈鍙枫€?nbsp; 榛樿鏄尮閰嶆墍鏈塱p鍦板潃銆?
鍙槸鍗曚釜Ip鍦板潃锛屼篃鍙互鎸囧畾涓€涓綉娈点€?nbsp; 濡傦細 192.168.1.1/255.255.255.255 琛ㄧず涓€涓湴鍧€銆?nbsp; 192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0 琛ㄧず涓€涓綉娈点€?
锛?锛?-d 鎴?--destination
鐢ㄧ洰鐨処p鍦板潃鏉ヤ笌瀹冧滑鍖归厤銆備笌 source 鐨勬牸寮忕敤娉曚竴鏍?
锛?锛?nbsp; -i
浠ュ寘杩涘叆鏈湴鎵€浣跨敤鐨勭綉缁滄帴鍙ｆ潵鍖归厤鍖呫€傚彧鑳界敤INPUT \ FORWARD \PREROUTING 涓変釜閾句腑銆傜敤鍦ㄥ叾浠栦换浣曢摼涓兘浼氬嚭閿欍€?
鍙娇鐢ㄢ€?鈥?nbsp; 鈥滐紒鈥濅袱绉嶇鍙枫€?
鍙敤涓€涓€?"鍙凤紝琛ㄧず鍖归厤鎵€鏈夌殑鍖咃紝涓嶈€冭檻浣跨敤鍝釜鎺ュ彛銆傚锛?iptable -A INPUT -i + //琛ㄥ尮閰嶆墍鏈夌殑鍖呫€?
鏀惧湪鏌愮被鎺ュ彛鍚庨潰锛岃〃绀烘墍鏈夋绫绘帴鍙ｇ浉鍖归厤銆傚锛?nbsp; iptable -A INPUT -i eth+ //琛ㄧず鍖归厤鎵€鏈塭thernet 鎺ュ彛銆?
锛?锛?nbsp; -o
浠ユ暟鎹寘鍑烘湰鍦版墍浣跨敤鐨勭綉缁滄帴鍙ｆ潵鍖归厤鍖呫€備笌-i涓€鏍风殑浣跨敤鏂规硶銆?
鍙兘鐢∣UTPUT \ FORWARD \POSTROUTING 涓変釜閾句腑銆傜敤鍦ㄥ叾浠栦换浣曢摼涓兘浼氬嚭閿欍€?
鍙娇鐢ㄢ€?鈥?nbsp; 鈥滐紒鈥濅袱绉嶇鍙枫€?
锛?锛?nbsp; -f (鎴?nbsp; --fragment )
鐢ㄦ潵鍖归厤涓€涓鍒嗙墖鐨勫寘鐨勭浜岀墖鎴栦互鍚庣殑閮ㄥ垎銆傚洜涓€涓暟鎹寘琚垎鎴愬鐗囦互鍚庯紝鍙湁绗竴鐗囧甫鏈夋簮鎴栫洰鏍囧湴鍧€銆傚悗闈㈢殑閮戒笉甯?锛屾墍浠ュ彧鑳界敤杩欎釜鏉ュ尮閰嶃€傚彲闃叉纰庣墖鏀诲嚮銆?
2銆侀殣鍚尮閰?
杩欑鍖归厤鏄殣鍚殑锛岃嚜鍔ㄧ殑杞藉叆鍐呮牳鐨勩€傚鎴戜滑浣跨敤 --protocol tcp 灏卞彲浠ヨ嚜鍔ㄥ尮閰峊CP鍖呯浉鍏崇殑鐗圭偣銆?
鍒嗕笁绉嶄笉鍚屽崗璁殑闅愬惈鍖归厤:tcp udp icmp
2.1 tcp match
tcp match 鍙兘闅愬惈鍖归厤TCP鍖呮垨娴佺殑缁嗚妭銆備絾蹇呴』鏈?nbsp; -p tcp 浣滀负鍓嶆彁鏉′欢銆?
锛?.1.1锛?nbsp; TCP --sport
鍩轰簬tcp鍖呯殑婧愮鍙ｅ尮閰嶅寘 锛屼笉鎸囧畾姝ら」鍒欒〃绀烘墍鏈夌鍙ｃ€?
iptable -A INPUT -p TCP --sport 22:80 //TCP婧愮鍙ｅ彿22鍒?0涔嬮棿鐨勬墍鏈夌鍙ｃ€?
iptable -A INPUT -p TCP --sport 22: //TCP婧愮鍙ｅ彿22鍒?5535涔嬮棿鐨勬墍鏈夌鍙ｃ€?nbsp;
锛?.1.2锛?nbsp; TCP --dport
鍩轰簬tcp鍖呯殑鐩殑绔彛鏉ュ尮閰嶅寘銆?nbsp; 涓?-sport绔彛鐢ㄦ硶涓€鏍枫€?
锛?.1.3锛?nbsp; TCP --flags
鍖归厤鎸囧畾鐨凾CP鏍囪銆?
iptable -p TCP --tcp-flags SYN,FIN,ACK SYN
2.2 UDP match
锛?.1.1锛?nbsp; UDP --sport
鍩轰簬UDP鍖呯殑婧愮鍙ｅ尮閰嶅寘 锛屼笉鎸囧畾姝ら」鍒欒〃绀烘墍鏈夌鍙ｃ€?
锛?.1.1锛?nbsp; UDP --dport
鍩轰簬UDP鍖呯殑鐩殑绔彛鍖归厤鍖?nbsp; 锛屼笉鎸囧畾姝ら」鍒欒〃绀烘墍鏈夌鍙ｃ€?
2.3 icmp match
icmp --icmp-type
鏍规嵁ICMP绫诲瀷鍖呭尮閰嶃€傜被鍨?鐨勬寚瀹氬彲浠ヤ娇鐢ㄥ崄杩涘埗鏁版垨鐩稿叧鐨勫悕瀛楋紝涓嶅悓鐨勭被鍨嬶紝鏈変笉鍚岀殑ICMP鏁板€艰〃绀恒€備篃鍙互鐢ㄢ€滐紒鈥濆彇鍙嶃€?
渚嬶細 iptable -A INPUT -p icmp-imcp-type 8
3銆佹樉绀哄尮閰?
鏄剧ず鍖归厤蹇呴』鐢?nbsp; -m瑁?杞姐€?
锛?锛塴imit match
蹇呴』鐢?-m limit 鏄庣‘鎸囧嚭銆?nbsp; 鍙互瀵规寚瀹氱殑瑙勫垯鐨勫尮閰嶆鏁板姞浠ラ檺鍒躲€傚嵆锛屽綋鏌愭潯瑙勫垯鍖归厤鍒颁竴瀹氭鏁板悗锛屽氨涓嶅啀鍖归厤銆備篃灏辨槸闄愬埗鍙尮閰嶅寘鐨勬暟閲忋€傝繖鏍峰彲浠ラ槻姝OS鏀诲嚮銆?
闄愬埗鏂规硶锛?璁惧畾瀵规煇鏉¤鍒?鐨勫尮閰嶆渶澶ф鏁般€傝涓€涓檺瀹氬€?銆?褰撳埌杈鹃檺瀹氬€间互鍚庯紝灏卞仠姝㈠尮閰嶃€備絾鏈変釜瑙勫畾锛屽湪瓒呰繃闄愬埗娆℃暟鍚庯紝浠嶄細姣忛殧涓€娈垫椂闂村啀澧炲姞涓€娆″尮閰嶆鏁般€備絾澧炲姞鐨勭┖闂插尮閰嶆暟鏈€澶ф暟閲忎笉瓒呰繃鏈€澶ч檺鍒舵鏁般€?
--limit rate
鏈€澶у钩鍧囧尮閰嶉€熺巼锛氬彲璧嬬殑鍊兼湁'/second', '/minute', '/hour', or '/day'杩欐牱鐨勫崟浣嶏紝榛樿鏄?/hour銆?
--limit-burst number
寰呭尮閰嶅寘鍒濆涓暟鐨勬渶澶у€?鑻ュ墠闈㈡寚瀹氱殑鏋侀檺杩樻病杈惧埌杩欎釜鏁板€?鍒欐鏁板瓧鍔?.榛樿鍊间负5
iptable -A INPUT -m limit --limt 3/hour //璁剧疆鏈€澶у钩鍧囧尮閰嶉€熺巼銆備篃灏辨槸鍗曚綅鏃堕棿鍐咃紝鍙尮閰嶇殑鏁版嵁鍖呬釜鏁般€?nbsp; --limt 鏄寚瀹氶殧澶?闀挎椂闂村彂涓€娆￠€氳璇併€?
iptable -A INPUT -m limit --limit-burst 5 //璁惧畾鍒氬紑濮嬪彂鏀?涓€氳璇侊紝涔熸渶澶氬彧鍙尮閰?涓暟鎹寘銆?
锛?锛?mac match
鍙兘鍖归厤MAC婧愬湴鍧€銆傚熀浜庡寘鐨凪AC婧愬湴鍧€鍖归厤鍖?
iptable -A INPUT -m mac --mac-source 00:00:eb:1c:24 //婧愬湴鍧€鍖归厤浜汳AC鍦板潃
(3) mark match
浠ユ暟鎹寘琚?璁剧疆鐨凪ARK鏉ュ尮閰嶅寘銆傝繖涓€肩敱 MARK TARGET 鏉ヨ缃殑銆?
锛?锛?nbsp; multiport match
杩欎釜妯″潡鍖归厤涓€缁勬簮绔彛鎴栫洰鏍囩鍙?鏈€澶氬彲浠ユ寚瀹?5涓鍙ｃ€傚彧鑳藉拰-p tcp 鎴栬€?-p udp 杩炵潃浣跨敤銆?
澶氱鍙ｅ尮閰嶆墿灞曡鎴戜滑鑳藉鍦ㄤ竴鏉¤鍒欓噷鎸囧畾涓嶈繛缁殑澶氫釜绔彛銆傚鏋滄病鏈夎繖涓墿灞曪紝鎴戜滑鍙兘鎸夌鍙ｆ潵鍐欒鍒欎簡銆傝繖鍙槸鏍囧噯绔彛鍖归厤鐨勫寮虹増銆備笉鑳藉湪涓€鏉¤鍒欓噷鍚屾椂鐢ㄦ爣鍑嗙鍙ｅ尮閰嶅拰澶氱鍙ｅ尮閰嶃€?
涓変釜閫夐」锛?nbsp; --source-port ; --destination-port ; --port
iptable -A INPUT -p TCP -m multiport --source-port 22,28,115
iptable -A INPUT -p TCP -m multiport --destination-port 22,28,115
iptable -A INPUT -p TCP -m multiport --port 22,28,115
(5) state match
鐘舵€佸尮閰嶆墿灞曡鏈夊唴鏍搁噷鐨勮繛鎺ヨ窡韪唬鐮佺殑鍗忓姪銆傚洜涓烘槸浠庤繛鎺ヨ窡韪満鍒跺緱鍒板寘鐨勭姸鎬併€傝繖鏍蜂笉鍙互浜嗚В鎵€澶勭殑鐘舵€併€?
锛?) tos match
鏍规嵁TOS瀛楁鍖归厤鍖咃紝鐢ㄦ潵鎺у埗浼樺厛绾с€?
(7) ttl match
鏍规嵁IP澶撮噷鐨凾TL瀛楁鏉ュ尮閰嶅寘銆?
鐢ㄦ潵鏇存敼鍖呯殑TTL锛屾湁浜汭SP鏍规嵁TTL鏉ュ垽鏂槸涓嶆槸鏈夊鍙版満鍣ㄥ叡浜繛鎺ヤ笂缃戙€?
iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -j TTL --ttl-set 64
iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -j TTL --ttl-dec 1
# 绂诲紑闃茬伀澧欑殑鏃跺€欏疄闄呬笂TTL宸茬粡-2浜嗭紝鍥犱负闃茬伀澧欐湰韬-1涓€娆°€?
iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -j TTL --ttl-inc 1
# 绂诲紑闃茬伀澧欑殑鏃跺€欎笉澧炰笉鍑忥紝tracert灏变笉濂界敤浜嗭紝鍛靛懙銆?
锛?锛?owner match
鍩轰簬鍖呯殑鐢熸垚鑰咃紙鍗虫墍鏈夎€呮垨鎷ユ湁鑰咃級鐨処D鏉ュ尮閰嶅寘銆?
owner 鍙互鏄惎鍔ㄨ繘绋嬬殑鐢ㄦ埛鐨処D锛屾垨鐢ㄦ埛鎵€鍦ㄧ殑绾х殑ID鎴栬繘绋嬬殑ID锛屾垨浼氳瘽鐨処D銆傛鍙兘鐢ㄥ湪OUTPUT 涓€?
姝ゆā鍧楄涓烘湰鍦扮敓鎴愬寘鍖归厤鍖呭垱寤鸿€呯殑涓嶅悓鐗瑰緛銆傝€屼笖鍗充娇杩欐牱涓€浜涘寘锛堝ICMP ping搴旂瓟锛夎繕鍙兘娌℃湁鎵€鏈夎€咃紝鍥犳姘歌繙涓嶄細鍖归厤銆?
--uid-owner userid
濡傛灉缁欏嚭鏈夋晥鐨剈ser id锛岄偅涔堝尮閰嶅畠鐨勮繘绋嬩骇鐢熺殑鍖呫€?
--gid-owner groupid
濡傛灉缁欏嚭鏈夋晥鐨刧roup id锛岄偅涔堝尮閰嶅畠鐨勮繘绋嬩骇鐢熺殑鍖呫€?
--sid-owner seessionid
鏍规嵁缁欏嚭鐨勪細璇濈粍鍖归厤璇ヨ繘绋嬩骇鐢熺殑鍖呫€?
锛?鍥涳級 targets/jump
鎸囩敱瑙勫垯鎸囧畾鐨勬搷浣滐紝瀵逛笌瑙勫垯鍖归厤鐨勪俊鎭寘鎵ц浠€涔堝姩浣溿€?
1銆乤ccept
杩欎釜鍙傛暟娌℃湁浠讳綍閫夐」銆傛寚瀹?nbsp; -j accept 鍗冲彲銆?
涓€鏃︽弧 瓒冲尮閰嶄笉鍐嶅幓鍖归厤琛ㄦ垨閾惧唴瀹氫箟鐨勫叾浠栬鍒欍€備絾瀹冭繕鍙兘浼氬尮閰嶅叾浠栬〃鍜岄摼鍐呯殑瑙勫垯銆傚嵆鍦ㄥ悓涓€涓〃鍐呭尮閰嶅悗灏卞埌涓婁负姝紝涓嶅線涓嬬户缁€?
2銆乨rop
-j drop 褰撲俊鎭寘涓庤鍒欏畬鍏ㄥ尮閰嶆椂锛屽皢涓㈠純璇?鍖呫€備笉瀵瑰畠鍋氬鐞嗐€傚苟涓斾笉鍚戝彂閫佽€呰繑鍥炰换浣曚俊鎭€備篃涓嶅悜璺敱鍣ㄨ繑鍥炰俊鎭€?
3銆乺eject
涓巇rop鐩稿悓鐨勫伐浣滄柟寮忥紝涓嶅悓鐨勬槸锛屼涪寮冨寘鍚庯紝浼氬彂閫侀敊璇俊鎭粰鍙戦€佹柟銆?
iptables -A FORWARD -p TCP --dport 22 -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-net-unreachable
4銆丏NAT
鐢ㄥ湪prerouting閾句笂銆?
鍋氱洰鐨勭綉缁滃湴鍧€杞崲鐨勩€傚氨鏄噸鍐欑洰鐨勭殑IP鍦板潃銆?
濡傛灉涓€涓寘琚尮閰嶏紝閭ｄ箞鍜屽畠灞炰簬鍚屼竴涓祦鐨勬墍鏈夌殑鍖呴兘浼氳鑷姩杞崲銆傜劧鍚庡彲浠ヨ璺敱鍒版纭殑涓绘満鍜岀綉缁溿€?
涔熷氨鏄鍚岄槻鐏鐨勫閮ㄥ湴鍧€鏄犲皠銆傛妸澶栭儴鍦板潃鏄犲皠鍒板唴閮ㄥ湴鍧€涓娿€?
iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -d 218.104.235.238 -p TCP --dport 110,125 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.9.1
//鎶婃墍鏈夎闂?18.104.235.238鍦板潃 110.125绔彛鐨勫寘鍏ㄩ儴杞彂鍒?192.168.9.1涓娿€?
--to-destination //鐩殑鍦伴噸鍐?
5銆丼NAT
鐢ㄥ湪nat 琛ㄧ殑postrouting閾捐〃銆傝繖涓拰DNAT鐩稿弽銆傛槸鍋氭簮鍦板潃杞崲銆傚氨鏄噸鍐欐簮鍦板潃IP銆?甯哥敤鍦ㄥ唴閮ㄧ綉鍒板閮ㄧ綉鐨勮浆鎹€?
--to-source
iptables -t nat POSTROUTING -o eth0 -p tcp -j SNAT --to-source 218.107.248.127 //浠巈th0鎺ュ彛寰€澶栧彂鐨勬暟鎹寘閮芥妸婧愬湴鍧€閲嶅啓涓?18.107.248.127
********************
iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp -d 15.45.23.67 --dport 80 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.1.9
# 灏嗘墍鏈夌殑璁块棶15.45.23.67:80绔彛鐨勬暟鎹仛DNAT鍙戝埌192.168.1.9:80
濡傛灉鍜?92.168.1.9鍦ㄥ悓涓€鍐呯綉鐨勬満鍣ㄨ璁块棶15.45.23.67锛岄槻鐏杩橀渶瑕佸仛璁剧疆锛屾敼鍙樻簮IP涓洪槻鐏鍐呯綉IP 192.168.1.1銆傚惁鍒欐暟鎹寘鐩存帴鍙戠粰鍐呯綉鏈哄櫒锛屽鏂瑰皢涓㈠純銆?
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -p tcp --dst 15.45.23.67 --dport 80 -j SNAT --to-source 192.168.1.1
# 灏嗘墍鏈夌殑璁块棶15.45.23.67:80绔彛鐨勬暟鎹寘婧怚P鏀逛负192.168.1.1
濡傛灉闃茬伀澧欎篃闇€瑕佽闂?5.45.23.67:80锛屽垯闇€瑕佸湪OUTPUT閾句腑娣诲姞锛屽洜涓洪槻鐏鑷繁鍙戝嚭鐨勫寘涓嶇粡杩嘝REROUTING銆?
iptables -t nat -A OUTPUT --dst 15.45.23.67 --dport 80 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.1.9
********************
6銆丮ASQUERADE
masquerade 鐨勪綔鐢ㄥ拰 SNAT鐨勪綔鐢ㄦ槸涓€鏍风殑銆?鍖哄埆鏄紝浠栦笉闇€瑕佹寚瀹氬浐瀹氱殑杞崲鍚庣殑IP鍦板潃銆備笓闂ㄧ敤鏉ヨ璁″姩鎬佽幏鍙朓P鍦板潃鐨勮繛鎺ョ殑銆?
MASQUERADE鐨勪綔鐢ㄦ槸锛屼粠鏈嶅姟鍣ㄧ殑缃戝崱涓婏紝鑷姩鑾峰彇褰撳墠ip鍦板潃鏉ュ仛NAT
濡傚閲岀殑ADSL涓婄綉锛屽缃戠殑IP鍦板潃涓嶆槸鍥哄畾鐨勶紝浣犳棤娉曞浐瀹氱殑璁惧畾NAT杞崲鍚庣殑IP鍦板潃銆傝繖鏃跺氨闇€瑕佺敤masquerade鏉ュ姩鎬佽幏鍙栦簡銆?
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.1.0/24 -j masquerade //鍗虫妸192.168.1.0 杩欎釜缃戞鐨勫湴鍧€閮介噸鍐欎负鍔ㄦ€佺殑澶栭儴IP鍦板潃銆?
7銆丷EDIRECT
鍙兘鍦∟AT琛ㄤ腑鐨凱REROUTING OUTPUT 閾句腑浣跨敤
鍦ㄩ槻鐏鎵€鍦ㄧ殑鏈哄瓙鍐呴儴杞彂鍖呮垨娴佸埌鍙︿竴涓鍙ｃ€傛瘮濡傦紝鎴戜滑鍙互鎶婃墍鏈夊幓寰€绔彛HTTP鐨勫寘REDIRECT鍒癏TTP proxy锛堜緥濡俿quid锛夛紝褰撶劧杩欓兘鍙戠敓鍦ㄦ垜浠嚜宸辩殑涓绘満鍐呴儴銆?
--to-ports
iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 8080
涓嶄娇鐢ㄨ繖涓€夐」锛岀洰鐨勭鍙ｄ笉浼氳鏀瑰彉銆?
鎸囧畾涓€涓鍙ｏ紝濡?-to-ports 8080
鎸囧畾绔彛鑼冨洿锛屽--to-ports 8080-8090
8銆丷ETURN
椤惧悕鎬濅箟锛屽畠浣垮寘杩斿洖涓婁竴灞傦紝椤哄簭鏄細瀛愰摼鈥斺€?gt;鐖堕摼鈥斺€?gt;缂虹渷鐨勭瓥鐣ャ€傚叿浣撳湴璇达紝灏辨槸鑻ュ寘鍦ㄥ瓙閾句腑閬囧埌浜哛ETURN锛屽垯杩斿洖鐖堕摼鐨勪笅涓€鏉¤鍒欑户缁繘琛屾潯浠剁殑姣旇緝锛岃嫢鏄湪鐖堕摼锛堟垨绉颁富閾撅紝姣斿INPUT锛変腑閬囧埌浜哛ETURN锛屽氨瑕佽缂虹渷鐨勭瓥鐣ワ紙涓€鑸槸ACCEPT鎴朌ROP锛夋搷浣滀簡銆傦紙璇戣€呮敞锛氳繖寰堣薄C璇█涓嚱鏁拌繑鍥炲€肩殑鎯呭喌锛?
9銆丮IRROR
棰犲€扞P澶翠腑鐨勬簮鍦板潃涓庣洰鐨勫湴鍧€锛屽啀杞彂銆?
10銆丩OG
鍦ㄥ唴鏍哥┖闂磋褰曟棩蹇楋紝dmesg绛夋墠鑳界湅銆?
11銆乁LOG
鍦ㄧ敤鎴风┖闂磋褰曟棩蹇椼€?
锛堜簲锛塈P杞彂鍔熻兘
鎵撳紑杞彂IP鍔熻兘锛圛P forwarding锛夛細
echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
濡傛灉浣跨敤PPP銆丏HCP绛夊姩鎬両P锛岄渶瑕佹墦寮€锛?
echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_dynaddr