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如何创建从 HTTP/HTTPS API 获取数据的 Alexa 技能(在 AWS Lambda 上为 Node.js 使用“Alexa Skills Kit")

分类: 技术问答 • 2022-02-28 17:51:27

如何创建从 HTTP/HTTPS API 获取数据的 Alexa 技能(在 AWS Lambda 上为 Node.js 使用“Alexa Skills Kit

问题描述：

我想为 Amazon Alexa 创建一项技能——当由语音命令触发时——通过 HTTPS 请求从 API 获取一些信息，并将结果用作对 Alexa 用户的口头回答.

I want to create a skill for Amazon Alexa that - when triggered by voice commands - gets some information from an API via a HTTPS request and uses the result as spoken answer to the Alexa user.

由于 node.js 的事件驱动概念和 适用于 Node.js 的 Alexa Skills Kit.从用户那里获取参数也不是那么容易.

There is a little challenge here (especially for node.js newbies) due to the event-driven concept of node.js and the internals of the Alexa Skills Kit for Node.js. And getting a hand on parameters from the user isn't that easy, either.

有人可以提供一些示例代码吗?

Can somebody provide some sample code to start with?

答

Preliminaries

  • 要开始使用，您需要一个 Amazon 帐户，并且必须为该帐户启用 AWS.
  • 然后在亚马逊网站上有一个很好的分步指南:https://developer.amazon.com/edw/home.html#/skills
  • 它会逐步引导您完成创建技能"的过程.技能是 Alexa 用自然语言回答问题的能力.在此过程中，您还将创建一个 Lambda 函数(选择创建一个演示脚本应用程序，您将自动获得所有必需的库)
  • 然后您可以在 AWS 控制台的 WebUI 中编辑代码).
  • 技能"会在您所有的个人 Alexa 设备上自动启用，例如我在家中的 Amazon Echo dot.
  • 请记住，您可以在 AWS 控制台的 AWS Cloudwatch 部分查看控制台输出.

    • 当我创建我的第一个 Alexa Skill 时，我是新的 node.js、Lambda 和 Alexa Skills SDK.所以我遇到了一些问题.我想在此为下一个遇到相同问题的人记录解决方案.

    While I created my first Alexa Skill I was new node.js, Lambda and the Alexa Skills SDK. So I ran into a few problems. I'd like to document the solutions here for the next person who runs into the same problem.

  1. 当您使用 https.get() 在 node.js 中发出 http get 请求时，您需要为结束回调提供一个处理程序，例如 res.on('end', function(res) {});
  2. 当您调用 this.emit(':tell', 'blabla'); 时，答案会从 Lambda 脚本发送回 Alexa 服务(这是来自AWS).但是在最终处理程序中this"不再是正确的this"，您需要事先存储句柄(我使用 mythis 这样做有点歪，我确信有更聪明的解决方案，但它有效).
  1. When you make an http get request in node.js using https.get() you need to provide a handler for the end callback like res.on('end', function(res) {});
  2. The answer is sent back from the Lambda script to the Alexa Service when you call this.emit(':tell', 'blabla'); (this is what is used in the samples from AWS). But in the end-handler "this" isn't the right "this" anymore, you need to store the handle beforehand (I am doing this a little crookedly using mythis, I am sure there are smarter solutions, but it works).

如果我有以下代码片段，我可以轻松地节省两个小时的调试时间.:-)

I would have easily saved two hours of debugging had I had the following code snippet. :-)

我的示例 lambda 脚本已经从 API 获取了预先格式化的文本.如果您调用 XML/JSON 或任何需要更多处理答案的 API.

I my sample the lambda script already gets the preformatted text from the API. If you call an XML/JSON or whatever API you need to work with the answer a bit more.

'use strict';

const Alexa = require('alexa-sdk');
var https = require('https');

const APP_ID = ''; // TODO replace with your app ID (OPTIONAL).

const handlers = {

  'functionwithoutdata': function() {
    var responseString = '';
    var mythis = this;
    https.get('**YOURURL**?**yourparameters**', (res) => {
      console.log('statusCode:', res.statusCode);
      console.log('headers:', res.headers);

      res.on('data', (d) => {
        responseString += d;
      });

      res.on('end', function(res) {
        const speechOutput = responseString;
        console.log('==> Answering: ', speechOutput);
        mythis.emit(':tell', 'The answer is'+speechOutput);
      });
    }).on('error', (e) => {
      console.error(e);
    });
  },

  'functionwithdata': function() {
    var mydata = this.event.request.intent.slots.mydata.value;
    console.log('mydata:', mydata);
    var responseString = '';
    var mythis = this;
    https.get('**YOURURL**?**yourparameters**&mydata=' + mydata, (res) => {
      console.log('statusCode:', res.statusCode);
      console.log('headers:', res.headers);

      res.on('data', (d) => {
        responseString += d;
      });

      res.on('end', function(res) {
        const speechOutput = responseString;
        console.log('==> Answering: ', speechOutput);
        mythis.emit(':tell', 'The answer is'+speechOutput);
      });
    }).on('error', (e) => {
      console.error(e);
    });
  }

};

exports.handler = (event, context) => {
  const alexa = Alexa.handler(event, context);
  alexa.APP_ID = APP_ID;
  alexa.registerHandlers(handlers);
  alexa.execute();
};

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