python random.getstate()和random.setstate()

问题描述：

这里是随机学习模块的，一开始就有簿记功能，我知道设置一个特定的种子就是要确保获得相同的随机数.

Learning the module random here, in the very beginning there are book-keeping functions, I understand that to set a specific seed is to make sure obtaining same random number.

但是getstate()和setsate()呢? 链接在文档中，没有介绍此状态的含义，如果我不知道它的含义，该如何设置呢?

but, what about the getstate() and setsate()? link In the documentation, it has no introduction for what this state means, and if I don't know what it means, how could I set it right?

random.getstate()

返回一个捕获当前对象内部状态的对象发电机.可以将此对象传递给setstate()来还原状态.

Return an object capturing the current internal state of the generator. This object can be passed to setstate() to restore the state.

random.setstate(state)

state应该是从先前对getstate()的调用中获得的，和setstate()将生成器的内部状态恢复为是在调用getstate()的时候.

state should have been obtained from a previous call to getstate(), and setstate() restores the internal state of the generator to what it was at the time getstate() was called.

谢谢

答

为什么不尝试一下?

import random

random.seed(42)

print(random.sample(range(20),k=10))

st = random.getstate()  # remeber this state 

print(random.sample(range(20),k=20)) # print 20

random.setstate(st)     # restore state

print(random.sample(range(20),k=10)) #print same first 10

输出:

[12, 0, 4, 3, 11, 10, 19, 1, 5, 18]
[4, 9, 0, 3, 10, 8, 16, 7, 18, 17, 14, 6, 2, 1, 5, 11, 15, 13, 19, 12]
[4, 9, 0, 3, 10, 8, 16, 7, 18, 17]

好吧，如果您获得了状态并恢复了状态，则可以重复一次并重复生成相同的值.

Obvoiusly, you can go back and reproduce the same values over and over if you get a state and restore it.

您不能在两者之间使用不同的随机数，否则您将更改状态.

You can not use different randoms in between though or you alter the state.

random.setstate(st) # go back again

print(random.sample(range(99),k=2)) # do something different
print(random.sample(range(20),k=18))

输出:

[21, 50]      # something different after setting state
[0, 3, 11, 9, 18, 8, 17, 19, 16, 7, 15, 1, 10, 2, 12, 5, 13, 14] # changed values

import random
import timeit

t1 = timeit.timeit(stmt = """random.seed(42)
random.randint(1,10)""",number=10000,setup="import random")

t2 = timeit.timeit(stmt = """
random.randint(1,10)
random.setstate(s)""",number=10000,setup="""import random
s = random.getstate()""")

print(t1,t2)

输出:

# seed() time           setstate() time
0.5621587821914207      0.49502014443357545

python random.getstate()和random.setstate()

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