如何检查类型是否是给定类模板的实例化？

是否可以检查类型是否是特定模板的实例化？

Is it possible to check that a type is an instantiation of a particular template?

我有一个类模板，其中一个模板参数必须是实例化特定模板，或一些其他类型。例如，考虑一个类型串的简单定义：

I have a class template where one of the template parameter must be either an instantiation of a particular template, or some other type. For instance, consider this simple definition of a typelist:

struct null_type;

template <typename Head, typename Tail>
struct typelist
{
    // Tail must be a typelist or null_type

    typedef Head head;
    typedef Tail tail;
};

现在，我想确保 Tail 模板参数始终是 typelist 或 null_type 的实例化。我可以使用部分专门化来定义模板只为那些情况，如下：

Now, I would like to make sure that the type provided for the Tail template parameter is always either an instantiation of typelist or null_type. I could use partial specialization to define the template only for those cases, like this:

template <typename Head, typename Tail>
struct typelist; // default, not defined

template <typename Head, typename H, typename T>
struct typelist< Head, typelist<H,T> > // Tail = typelist, ok
{
    typedef Head head;
    typedef typelist<H,T> tail;
};

template <typename Head>
struct typelist< Head, null_type > // Tail = null_type, ok
{
    typedef Head head;
    typedef null_type tail;
};

但是，我最终会复制代码，这是我想避免的。理想情况下，我需要一个trait来测试类型是否是一个模板的实例化，使用 enable_if 或静态断言：

However, I end up duplicating code, which is something I would like to avoid. Ideally, I'd need a trait to test whether a type is an instantiation of a template, to use it with enable_if or in static assertions:

#include <boost/mpl/or.hpp>
#include <type_traits>

struct null_type;

template <typename Head, typename Tail>
struct typelist
{
    static_assert(
        boost::mpl::or_<
            is_instantiation_of< typelist, Tail >,
            std::is_same< Tail, null_type >
        >::value,
        "Tail must be a typelist or null_type" );

    typedef Head head;
    typedef Tail tail;
};

这样的特征（ is_instantiation_of ）可在标准库或Boost？可以写一个？

Is such a trait (is_instantiation_of) already available in the standard library or in Boost? Is is possible to write one?