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如何仅使用脚本创建自制程序公式

分类: 技术问答 • 2022-05-20 22:02:50
问题描述：

我想将一些shell脚本+支持文件打包到一个自制公式中，该公式将这些脚本安装在用户$PATH上的某个位置.我将自己动手使用配方奶粉.

I want to package up a few shell scripts + support files into a homebrew formula that installs these scripts somewhere on the user $PATH. I will serve the formula from my own tap.

通读配方食谱的例子似乎在上游库中假设使用cmake或autotools系统.如果我的项目仅包含一些脚本和配置文件怎么办?我应该手动将其复制到公式中的#{prefix}/吗?

Reading through the formula cookbook the examples seem to assume cmake or autotools system in the upstream library. What if my project only consists of a few scripts and config files? Should I just manually copy those into #{prefix}/ in the Formula?

答

这里有两种情况:

使用bin.install将它们安装在bin下.您可以选择重命名它们，例如删除扩展名:

Install them under bin using bin.install. You can optionally rename them, e.g. to strip the extension:

class MyFormula < Formula
  # ...

  def install
    # move 'myscript.sh' under #{prefix}/bin/
    bin.install "myscript.sh"

    # OR move 'myscript.sh' to #{prefix}/bin/mybettername
    bin.install "myscript.sh" => "mybettername"

    # OR move *.sh under bin/
    bin.install Dir["*.sh"]
  end
end

带有支持文件的脚本

这种情况很棘手，因为您需要正确处理所有路径.最简单的方法是将所有内容安装在#{libexec}/下，然后在#{bin}/下编写exec脚本.这是Homebrew公式中非常常见的模式.

Scripts with Support Files

This case is tricky because you need to get all the paths right. The simplest way is to install everything under #{libexec}/ then write exec scripts under #{bin}/. That’s a very common pattern in Homebrew formulae.

class MyFormula < Formula
  # ...

  def install
    # Move everything under #{libexec}/
    libexec.install Dir["*"]

    # Then write executables under #{bin}/
    bin.write_exec_script (libexec/"myscript.sh")
  end
end

给出一个包含以下内容的tarball(或git repo):

Given a tarball (or a git repo) that contains the following content:

  • script.sh
  • supportfile.txt
  • script.sh
  • supportfile.txt

上面的公式将创建以下层次结构:

The above formula will create the following hierarchy:

#{prefix}/
  libexec/
    script.sh
    supportfile.txt
  bin/
    script.sh

Homebrew使用以下内容创建#{prefix}/bin/script.sh:

Homebrew creates that #{prefix}/bin/script.sh with the following content:

#!/bin/bash
exec "#{libexec}/script.sh" "$@"

这意味着您的脚本可以期望在其自己的目录中具有一个支持文件，而不会污染bin/ ，并且无需对安装路径进行任何假设(例如，您无需使用诸如../libexec/supportfile.txt在您的脚本中).

This means that your script can expect to have a support file in its own directory while not polluting bin/ and not making any assumption regarding the install path (e.g. you don’t need to use things like ../libexec/supportfile.txt in your script).

有关使用Ruby脚本和我的答案 .com/questions/45978097/creating-a-homebrew-formula-for-standalone-application/45984549#45984549>以那个为例，其中包含联机帮助页.

See this answer of mine for an example with a Ruby script and that one for an example with manpages.

请注意，Homebrew还具有其他辅助功能，例如不仅编写exec脚本，而且编写设置环境变量或执行一个.jar .

Note Homebrew also have other helpers to e.g. not only write an exec script but also set environment variables or execute a .jar.

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