实战之BBS(仿博客园写一个论坛)（二）登录页面，网站首页的实现 一.登录页面 二.首页的实现
1.效果展示：
2.技术点：
2.1验证码：验证码这个功能用了Image,ImageDraw,ImageFont，random，BytesIO模块和session
Image是新创建一个图片，ImageDraw相当于在这个图片上创建一个画笔，ImageFont指定字体的格式
random随机模块，BytesIO开辟一片字节类型的内存空间，session用于存储验证码，验证码的具体细节请看上篇博客
2.2登录验证：我们的注册的时候，用的是auth.create_user()方法，这种方法会让我们的密码被加密，在数据库中如下图所示：
所以说我们只能把从前端的获取的密码，经过同样的加密之后再和数据库中的数据进行比对
user=auth.authenticate(request,username=username,password=password)
如果user存在，登录成功，保持登录状态，否则返回错误信息，并对前端进行渲染
2.2.1登录成功：
首先用auth.login把user绑定，相当于session和cookie但是使用方法比这两个都简单，执行之后，不退出登录的情况下，request.user就是auth.login(request,user)里面的user
auth.login(request,user)
登录成功之后，给前端返回数据，首先在函数开头定义一个response_msg用于标识成功或失败，初始化：
respone_msg={'code':100,'msg':''}
当登录成功的时候，code不变，给response添加一个URL：
respone_msg['url']='/home'
当登录成功的时候，跳转到home页面。当然了这行代码也需要前端的配合，前端：
success:function (data) { if(data.code==100){ location.href=data.url }
2.2.2登录失败：
登录失败，response_msg['code']变为101（或者随意一个数，和成功区别开就好）,msg变为失败的信息，比如是验证码出错还是账号密码错误
把返回的msg数据在前端进行渲染，显示出来，效果如下：
3.流程图：
4.具体代码：
后端代码：
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect from app01 import myforms from app01 import models from django.http import JsonResponse # Create your views here. from PIL import Image,ImageDraw,ImageFont from io import BytesIO,StringIO from django.contrib import auth import random #随机数据 def r_num(number): if number==2: return random.randint(0,128),random.randint(0,128),random.randint(0,128) if number == 1: return random.randint(128, 255), random.randint(128, 255), random.randint(128, 255) #验证码函数 def yzm(request): yzm_img=Image.new("RGB",(260,40),r_num(1)) draw=ImageDraw.Draw(yzm_img) font=ImageFont.truetype('static/1.ttf',40) code='' for i in range(5): random_num=str(random.randint(0,9)) random_up=str(chr(random.randint(65,90))) random_low=str(chr(random.randint(97,122))) random_code=random.choice([random_num,random_up,random_low]) draw.text((20+40*i,-5),random_code,r_num(2),font) code+=random_code io_obj=BytesIO() yzm_img.save(io_obj,'png') request.session['code']=code return HttpResponse(io_obj.getvalue()) #登录函数 def login(request): respone_msg={'code':100,'msg':''} if request.method=='POST': username=request.POST.get('username') password=request.POST.get('password') yzm=request.POST.get('yzm') if request.session.get('code').upper()==yzm.upper(): user=auth.authenticate(request,username=username,password=password) if user: auth.login(request,user) respone_msg['url']='/home' else: respone_msg['code']=101 respone_msg['msg']='用户名或密码错误' else: respone_msg['code']=102 respone_msg['msg']='验证码错误' return JsonResponse(respone_msg) return render(request,'login.html',locals())
前端：
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <div class="container"> <h1 class="text-center">登录页面</h1> <div class="row"> <form class="col-lg-offset-3 col-lg-6"> {% csrf_token %} <div class="form-group"> <label for="id_username">用户名</label> <input type="text" class="form-control" id="id_username" placeholder="用户名"> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="id_password">密码</label> <input type="password" class="form-control" id="id_password" placeholder="密码"> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="id_yzm">验证码</label> <input type="text" class="form-control" id="id_yzm" placeholder="验证码"> <div style="margin-top: 30px"><img src="/yzm/" alt="" id="img_yzm"></div> </div> <div><input type="button" id="button_id" value="登录" class="btn btn-primary"></div> <div> <span id="error" style="color: red"></span></div> </form> </div> </div> <script> $('#img_yzm').click(function () { var path2 = $(this).attr('src'); $(this).attr('src',path2+='?') }); $('#button_id').click(function () { $.ajax({ url:'', type:'post', data:{ 'username':$('#id_username').val(), 'password':$('#id_password').val(), 'yzm':$('#id_yzm').val(), 'csrfmiddlewaretoken':$("[name='csrfmiddlewaretoken']").val() }, success:function (data) { if(data.code==100){ location.href=data.url } else { $('#error').html(data.msg) } } }) }) </script> </body> </html> 前端代码
二.首页的实现
1.效果展示：
，上图可以分为左右两边面板模块，中间文章展示模块，页面顶部导航栏模块，顶部导航栏模块分为登录状态和非登录状态
非登录状态：
登录状态：
2.实现步骤
2.1左右两边面板模块：
左右两边面板模块用bootstarp的栅格系统完成，左2，中8，右2，然后再去copy3个面板，完成
2.2中间数据的展示：
后端操作很简单，只需要获取文章表的所有数据发送给前端即可
article_list=models.Article.objects.all() return render(request,'home.html',locals())
前端代码，把后端发过来的数据，用for循环渲染
{% for article in article_list %} <div class="media"> <div class="media-left"> <a href="#"> <img class="media-object" data-src="holder.js/64x64" alt="64x64" src="/media/{{ article.blog.userinfo.avatar }}" data-holder-rendered="true" style=" 64px; height: 64px;"> </a> </div> <div class="media-body"> <h4 class="media-heading"><a href="/{{ article.blog.userinfo.username }}/{{ article.id }}">{{ article.title }}</a></h4> {{ article.desc }} <div> <span>发布时间：{{ article.create_time }} 点赞数:{{ article.up_num }} 评论数:{{ article.comment_num}}</span> </div> </div> </div> {% endfor %}
2.3页面顶部导航栏
首先实现不同状态下的前端切换，后端是locals()传值，所有request也被传到了前端，那么就可以通过request.user判断用户是否登录
{% if request.user.is_authenticated %}
<li><a href="/{{ request.user.username }}/GL">{{ request.user.username }}</a></li>
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true"
aria-expanded="false">更多操作<span class="caret"></span></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li><a href="/set_password">修改密码</a></li>
<li><a href="/set_avatar">修改头像</a></li>
<li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
<li><a href="/logout">注销</a></li>
{% else %}
<li><a href="/login">登录</a></li>
<li><a href="/register">注册</a></li>
</ul>
</li>{% endif %}
2.3.1非登录状态下
非登录状态下，给两个a标签添加路径，
<li><a href="/login">登录</a></li> <li><a href="/register">注册</a></li>
2.3.2 登录状态下，有三个功能，修改密码，修改头像，注销
修改密码：首先在url文件中添加路径，在views中添加函数，为a标签加上路径，在templates创建一个修改密码页面
效果如上
修改密码要有原密码。原密码的是加密的，所以又需要一个函数request.user.check_password()
验证之后，进行两次新密码的比对，没有问题的话，进行保存，又又又要对密码进行加密，所以需要另外一个函数request.user.set_password(new_password)，还有设置完之后别忘记保存request.user.save()
后端：
def set_password(request): respone_msg={'code':100,'msg':''} if request.method=="POST": password=request.POST.get('password') if request.user.check_password(password): new_password=request.POST.get('new_password') re_new_password=request.POST.get('re_new_password') if new_password==re_new_password: respone_msg['url']='/login' request.user.set_password(new_password) request.user.save() auth.logout(request) else: respone_msg['code']=101 respone_msg['msg']='两次密码不一致' else: respone_msg['code'] = 102 respone_msg['msg'] = '原密码不正确' return JsonResponse(respone_msg) return render(request,'set_password.html',locals())
前端：
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <body> <div class="container"> <h1 class="text-center">修改密码</h1> <div class="row"> <form class="col-lg-offset-3 col-lg-6"> {% csrf_token %} <div class="form-group"> <label for="id_username">用户名</label> <input type="text" class="form-control" id="id_username" placeholder="用户名" value={{ request.user.username }} disabled> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="id_password">密码</label> <input type="password" class="form-control" id="id_password" placeholder="密码"> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="id_password2">新密码</label> <input type="password" class="form-control" id="id_password2" placeholder="密码"> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="id_password3">重复新密码</label> <input type="password" class="form-control" id="id_password3" placeholder="密码"> </div> <div><input type="button" id="button_id" value="修改" class="btn btn-primary"></div> <div> <span id="error" style="color: red"></span></div> </form> </div> </div> <script> $('#button_id').click(function () { $.ajax({ url:'', type:'post', data:{ 'password':$('#id_password').val(), 'new_password':$('#id_password2').val(), 're_new_password':$('#id_password3').val(), 'csrfmiddlewaretoken':$("[name='csrfmiddlewaretoken']").val() }, success:function (data) { if(data.code==100){ location.href=data.url } else { $('#error').html(data.msg) } } }) }) </script> </body> </body> </html>
修改头像：
头像修改的原理和注册时是一样的，简单不多BB
def set_avatar(request): blog = request.user.blog username = request.user.username if request.method=="POST": file = request.FILES.get('myfile') user_obj = models.UserInfo.objects.get(blog=blog) user_obj.avatar = file user_obj.save() return JsonResponse({'url':'/home','code':'100'}) return render(request,'set_avatar.html',locals())
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-6"> {% csrf_token %} <label for="file_id"> 头像 <img data-src="holder.js/140x140" class="img-rounded" alt="140x140" style=" 140px; height: 140px;" src="/media/{{ request.user.avatar }}" data-holder-rendered="true" id="img_id"> </label> <input type="file" id="file_id" class="hidden"> <p><input type="button" id="button_id" value="修改"></p> </div> </div> </div> <script> $('#file_id').change(function () { var file = $(this)[0].files[0]; var read = new FileReader(); read.readAsDataURL(file); read.onload = function () { $('#img_id').attr('src', read.result) } }); $('#button_id').click(function () { var formdata=new FormData(); formdata.append('myfile',$('#file_id')[0].files[0]); formdata.append('csrfmiddlewaretoken',$("[name='csrfmiddlewaretoken']").val()); $.ajax({ url:"", type:'post', data:formdata, processData: false, contentType: false, success:function (data) { if(data.code==100){ location.href=data.url } } }) }) </script> </body> </html>
至于最后一个注销就简单了：
和auth.login相对应的函数，auth.logout
def logout(request): auth.logout(request) return redirect('/home')
首页完整代码：
后端：
#首页 def home(request): article_list=models.Article.objects.all() return render(request,'home.html',locals()) #注销 def logout(request): auth.logout(request) return redirect('/home') #修改密码 def set_password(request): respone_msg={'code':100,'msg':''} if request.method=="POST": password=request.POST.get('password') if request.user.check_password(password): new_password=request.POST.get('new_password') re_new_password=request.POST.get('re_new_password') if new_password==re_new_password: respone_msg['url']='/login' request.user.set_password(new_password) request.user.save() auth.logout(request) else: respone_msg['code']=101 respone_msg['msg']='两次密码不一致' else: respone_msg['code'] = 102 respone_msg['msg'] = '原密码不正确' return JsonResponse(respone_msg) return render(request,'set_password.html',locals()) #修改头像 def set_avatar(request): blog = request.user.blog username = request.user.username if request.method=="POST": file = request.FILES.get('myfile') user_obj = models.UserInfo.objects.get(blog=blog) user_obj.avatar = file user_obj.save() return JsonResponse({'url':'/home','code':'100'}) return render(request,'set_avatar.html',locals())
前端：
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <nav class="navbar navbar-inverse"> <div class="container-fluid"> <!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display --> <div class="navbar-header"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">博客园</a> </div> <!-- Collect the nav links, forms, and other content for toggling --> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav"> </ul> <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right"> {% if request.user.is_authenticated %} <li><a href="/{{ request.user.username }}/GL">{{ request.user.username }}</a></li> <li class="dropdown"> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">更多操作<span class="caret"></span></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li><a href="/set_password">修改密码</a></li> <li><a href="/set_avatar">修改头像</a></li> <li role="separator" class="divider"></li> <li><a href="/logout">注销</a></li> {% else %} <li><a href="/login">登录</a></li> <li><a href="/register">注册</a></li> </ul> </li>{% endif %} </ul> </div><!-- /.navbar-collapse --> </div><!-- /.container-fluid --> </nav> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <div class="panel panel-primary"> <div class="panel-heading"> <h3 class="panel-title">广告位</h3> </div> <div class="panel-body"> 广告位招租 </div> <div class="panel-body"> 广告位招租 </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-danger"> <div class="panel-heading"> <h3 class="panel-title">广告位</h3> </div> <div class="panel-body"> 广告位招租 </div> <div class="panel-body"> 广告位招租 </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-success"> <div class="panel-heading"> <h3 class="panel-title">广告位</h3> </div> <div class="panel-body"> 广告位招租 </div> <div class="panel-body"> 广告位招租 </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-8"> {% for article in article_list %} <div class="media"> <div class="media-left"> <a href="#"> <img class="media-object" data-src="holder.js/64x64" alt="64x64" src="/media/{{ article.blog.userinfo.avatar }}" data-holder-rendered="true" style=" 64px; height: 64px;"> </a> </div> <div class="media-body"> <h4 class="media-heading"><a href="/{{ article.blog.userinfo.username }}/{{ article.id }}">{{ article.title }}</a></h4> {{ article.desc }} <div> <span>发布时间：{{ article.create_time }} 点赞数:{{ article.up_num }} 评论数:{{ article.comment_num}}</span> </div> </div> </div> {% endfor %} </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <div class="panel panel-primary"> <div class="panel-heading"> <h3 class="panel-title">广告位</h3> </div> <div class="panel-body"> 广告位招租 </div> <div class="panel-body"> 广告位招租 </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-danger"> <div class="panel-heading"> <h3 class="panel-title">广告位</h3> </div> <div class="panel-body"> 广告位招租 </div> <div class="panel-body"> 广告位招租 </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-success"> <div class="panel-heading"> <h3 class="panel-title">广告位</h3> </div> <div class="panel-body"> 广告位招租 </div> <div class="panel-body"> 广告位招租 </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-6"> {% csrf_token %} <label for="file_id"> 头像 <img data-src="holder.js/140x140" class="img-rounded" alt="140x140" style=" 140px; height: 140px;" src="/media/{{ request.user.avatar }}" data-holder-rendered="true" id="img_id"> </label> <input type="file" id="file_id" class="hidden"> <p><input type="button" id="button_id" value="修改"></p> </div> </div> </div> <script> $('#file_id').change(function () { var file = $(this)[0].files[0]; var read = new FileReader(); read.readAsDataURL(file); read.onload = function () { $('#img_id').attr('src', read.result) } }); $('#button_id').click(function () { var formdata=new FormData(); formdata.append('myfile',$('#file_id')[0].files[0]); formdata.append('csrfmiddlewaretoken',$("[name='csrfmiddlewaretoken']").val()); $.ajax({ url:"", type:'post', data:formdata, processData: false, contentType: false, success:function (data) { if(data.code==100){ location.href=data.url } } }) }) </script> </body> </html>
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <body> <div class="container"> <h1 class="text-center">修改密码</h1> <div class="row"> <form class="col-lg-offset-3 col-lg-6"> {% csrf_token %} <div class="form-group"> <label for="id_username">用户名</label> <input type="text" class="form-control" id="id_username" placeholder="用户名" value={{ request.user.username }} disabled> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="id_password">密码</label> <input type="password" class="form-control" id="id_password" placeholder="密码"> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="id_password2">新密码</label> <input type="password" class="form-control" id="id_password2" placeholder="密码"> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="id_password3">重复新密码</label> <input type="password" class="form-control" id="id_password3" placeholder="密码"> </div> <div><input type="button" id="button_id" value="修改" class="btn btn-primary"></div> <div> <span id="error" style="color: red"></span></div> </form> </div> </div> <script> $('#button_id').click(function () { $.ajax({ url:'', type:'post', data:{ 'password':$('#id_password').val(), 'new_password':$('#id_password2').val(), 're_new_password':$('#id_password3').val(), 'csrfmiddlewaretoken':$("[name='csrfmiddlewaretoken']").val() }, success:function (data) { if(data.code==100){ location.href=data.url } else { $('#error').html(data.msg) } } }) }) </script> </body> </body> </html>