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Git:我如何强制“git pull"?覆盖本地文件?

分类: 技术问答 • 2022-05-17 20:34:47
问题描述：

如何强制覆盖 git pull 上的本地文件?

How do I force an overwrite of local files on a git pull?

场景如下:

  • 一名团队成员正在修改我们正在开发的网站的模板
  • 他们正在向图像目录添加一些图像(但忘记在源代码控制下添加它们)
  • 他们稍后通过邮件将图像发送给我
  • 我正在源代码管理下添加图像，并将它们连同其他更改一起推送到 GitHub
  • 他们无法从 GitHub 提取更新，因为 Git 不想覆盖他们的文件.

这是我得到的错误:

错误:未跟踪的工作树文件public/images/icon.gif"将被合并覆盖

error: Untracked working tree file 'public/images/icon.gif' would be overwritten by merge

如何强制 Git 覆盖它们?此人是一名设计师 - 通常，我会手动解决所有冲突，因此服务器拥有他们只需要在计算机上更新的最新版本.

How do I force Git to overwrite them? The person is a designer - usually, I resolve all the conflicts by hand, so the server has the most recent version that they just need to update on their computer.

答

⚠ 重要提示:如果您有任何本地更改，它们将会丢失.有或没有 --hard 选项，任何未被推送的本地提交都将丢失.[*]

如果您有任何未被 Git 跟踪的文件(例如上传的用户内容)，这些文件将不会受到影响.

⚠ Important: If you have any local changes, they will be lost. With or without --hard option, any local commits that haven't been pushed will be lost.[*]

If you have any files that are not tracked by Git (e.g. uploaded user content), these files will not be affected.

首先，运行 fetch 将所有 origin/ 引用更新为最新:

First, run a fetch to update all origin/<branch> refs to latest:

git fetch --all

备份您当前的分支:

git branch backup-master

那么，你有两个选择:

git reset --hard origin/master

或者如果您在其他分支:

OR If you are on some other branch:

git reset --hard origin/<branch_name>

说明:

git fetch 从远程下载最新的，无需尝试合并或重新设置任何内容.

Explanation:

git fetch downloads the latest from remote without trying to merge or rebase anything.

然后 git reset 将 master 分支重置为您刚刚获取的内容.--hard 选项更改工作树中的所有文件以匹配 origin/master

Then the git reset resets the master branch to what you just fetched. The --hard option changes all the files in your working tree to match the files in origin/master

[*]:值得注意的是，可以通过在重置之前从 master 创建一个分支来维护当前的本地提交:

[*]: It's worth noting that it is possible to maintain current local commits by creating a branch from master before resetting:

git checkout master
git branch new-branch-to-save-current-commits
git fetch --all
git reset --hard origin/master

此后，所有旧提交将保存在 new-branch-to-save-current-commits 中.

After this, all of the old commits will be kept in new-branch-to-save-current-commits.

但是，未提交的更改(即使是暂存的)也会丢失.确保存储并提交您需要的任何内容.为此，您可以运行以下命令:

Uncommitted changes, however (even staged), will be lost. Make sure to stash and commit anything you need. For that you can run the following:

git stash

然后重新应用这些未提交的更改:

And then to reapply these uncommitted changes:

git stash pop

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