使用python中的子进程在linux终端上执行命令

问题描述：

我想使用python脚本在linux终端上执行以下命令

I want to execute following command on linux terminal using python script

hg log -r "((last(tag())):(first(last(tag(),2))))" work

此命令提供了影响工作"目录中文件的最后两个标签之间的变更集

This command give changesets between last two tags who have affected files in "work" directory

我尝试过:

import subprocess
releaseNotesFile = 'diff.txt'
with open(releaseNotesFile, 'w') as f:
    f.write(subprocess.call(['hg', 'log', '-r', '"((last(tag())):(first(last(tag(),2))))"', 'work']))

错误:

abort: unknown revision '((last(tag())):(first(last(tag(),2))))'!
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "test.py", line 4, in <module>
    f.write(subprocess.call(['hg', 'log', '-r', '"((last(tag())):(first(last(tag(),2))))"', 'work']))
TypeError: expected a character buffer object

使用os.popen()

Working with os.popen()

with open(releaseNotesFile, 'w') as file:
    f = os.popen('hg log -r "((last(tag())):(first(last(tag(),2))))" work')
    file.write(f.read())

如何使用子流程执行该命令?

How to execute that command using subprocess ?

答

要解决您的问题，请将f.write(subprocess...行更改为:

To solve your problem, change the f.write(subprocess... line to:

f.write(subprocess.call(['hg', 'log', '-r', '((last(tag())):(first(last(tag(),2))))', 'dcpp']))

说明

从命令行(如bash)调用程序时，将忽略" "字符.以下两个命令是等效的:

Explanation

When calling a program from a command line (like bash), will "ignore" the " characters. The two commands below are equivalent:

hg log -r something
hg "log" "-r" "something"

在您的特定情况下，shell中的原始版本必须用双引号引起来，因为它带有括号，并且在bash中具有特殊含义.在python中，这是不必要的，因为您使用单引号将它们括起来.

In your specific case, the original version in the shell has to be enclosed in double quotes because it has parenthesis and those have a special meaning in bash. In python that is not necessary since you are enclosing them using single quotes.

使用python中的子进程在linux终端上执行命令

说明

Explanation

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