如何在Go单元测试中测试功能的输出（stdout / stderr）

问题描述：

I have a simple function I want to test:

func (t *Thing) print(min_verbosity int, message string) {
    if t.verbosity >= minv {
        fmt.Print(message)
    }
}

But how can I test what the function actually sends to standard output? Test::Output does what I want in Perl. I know I could write all my own boilerplate to do the same in Go (as described here):

orig = os.Stdout
r,w,_ = os.Pipe()
thing.print("Some message")
var buf bytes.Buffer
io.Copy(&buf, r)
w.Close()
os.Stdout = orig
if(buf.String() != "Some message") {
    t.Error("Failure!")
}

But that's a lot of extra work for every single test. I'm hoping there's a more standard way, or perhaps an abstraction library to handle this.

答

One thing to also remember, there's nothing stopping you from writing functions to avoid the boilerplate.

For example I have a command line app that uses log and I wrote this function:

func captureOutput(f func()) string {
    var buf bytes.Buffer
    log.SetOutput(&buf)
    f()
    log.SetOutput(os.Stderr)
    return buf.String()
}

Then used it like this:

output := captureOutput(func() {
    client.RemoveCertificate("www.example.com")
})
assert.Equal("removed certificate www.example.com
", output)

Using this assert library: http://godoc.org/github.com/stretchr/testify/assert.

答

You can do one of two things. The first is to use Examples.

The package also runs and verifies example code. Example functions may include a concluding line comment that begins with "Output:" and is compared with the standard output of the function when the tests are run. (The comparison ignores leading and trailing space.) These are examples of an example:

func ExampleHello() {
        fmt.Println("hello")
        // Output: hello
}

The second (and more appropriate, IMO) is to use fake functions for your IO. In your code you do:

var myPrint = fmt.Print

func (t *Thing) print(min_verbosity int, message string) {
    if t.verbosity >= minv {
        myPrint(message) // N.B.
    }
}

And in your tests:

func init() {
    myPrint = fakePrint // fakePrint records everything it's supposed to print.
}

func Test...

Another option is to use fmt.Fprintf with an io.Writer that is os.Stdout in production code, but may be say bytes.Buffer in tests.

答

You could consider adding a return statement to your function to return the string that is actually printed out.

func (t *Thing) print(min_verbosity int, message string) string {
    if t.verbosity >= minv {
        fmt.Print(message)
        return message
    }
    return ""
}

Now, your test could just check the returned string against an expected string (rather than the print out). Maybe a bit more in-line with Test Driven Development (TDD).

And, in your production code, nothing would need to change, since you don't have to assign the return value of a function if you don't need it.

如何在Go单元测试中测试功能的输出（stdout / stderr）

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