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在Selenium和Java中无法使用className定位元素

分类: 技术问答 • 2022-02-25 18:53:35

在Selenium和Java中无法使用className定位元素

问题描述：

我想使用Selenium中的类名来定位网页的元素.这是我尝试过的网络元素:

I wanted to locate a element of a web page using class name in Selenium. This is the web element that I tried:

<button class="signup-button b green">Get Started!</button>

当我尝试这种方式时，我无法找到按钮；

When I try this way, I was unable to locate the button;

driver.findElement(By.className("signup-button")).click();

但是，使用如下所示的css选择器，它正在工作；

But, using css selector like below, it was working;

driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button.signup-button")).click();

有时工作而有时又不工作的原因是什么?

What is the reason for that sometimes working and other times not working?

答

您可以找到以下元素:

<button class="signup-button b green">Get Started!</button>

使用:

driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button.signup-button")).click();

但是无法使用以下方法找到相同的元素:

but was unable to locate the same element using:

driver.findElement(By.className("signup-button")).click();

那是因为在 HTML DOM 中还存在其他元素，这些元素带有 className 设为 signup-button ，甚至在所需元素之前，该元素在设计上可能不可见.

That's because there were other elements which renders within the HTML DOM with className as signup-button even before the desired element, which possibly may be invisible by design.

理想情况下，您还应该能够使用xpath 基于定位器策略:

Ideally, you should also be able to use a xpath based Locator Strategy:

driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[@class='signup-button' and text()='Get Started!']")).click();

最佳做法

但是，按照最佳做法，您需要使用定位器策略:

Best Practices

But as per best practices, you need to use WebDriverWait for the elementToBeClickable() and you can use either of the following Locator Strategies:

  • cssSelector:

new WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.cssSelector("button.signup-button"))).click();

  • xpath:

    new WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath("//button[@class='signup-button' and text()='Get Started!']"))).click();

    • 您可以在以下位置找到一些相关的讨论:

    You can find a couple of relevant discussions in:

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