将列名称转置为行并将值放在单独的列中

问题描述：

我有下表，您也可以在 SQL小提琴中找到

I have the following table which you can also find in the SQL fiddle here:

CREATE TABLE Flows (
    Product TEXT,
    Inbound_Date DATE,
    Outbound_Date DATE,
    Return_Date DATE,
    Quantity VARCHAR(255)
);

INSERT INTO Flows
(Product, Inbound_Date, Outbound_Date, Return_Date, Quantity)
VALUES 

("Product A", "2019-01-01", NULL, NULL, "400"),
("Product A", NULL, "2019-05-08", NULL, "200"),
("Product A", NULL, NULL, "2019-06-25", "600"),

("Product B", "2019-03-08", NULL, NULL, "380"),
("Product B", NULL, "2019-03-15", NULL, "120"),
("Product B", NULL, NULL, "2019-04-17", "610");

我使用以下SQL从表中获取值:

I use the following SQL to get the values from the table:

SELECT Product, Inbound_Date, Outbound_Date, Return_Date, sum(Quantity)
FROM Flows
GROUP BY 1,2,3,4;

到目前为止，所有这些都工作正常.

All this works fine so far.

但是，现在我想要实现将日期显示在名为 FLow_Date 的一列中.
结果应如下所示:

However, now I want to achieve that the dates are displayed in one column called FLow_Date.
The result should look like this:

Product          Date_Type            Flow_Date
Product A        Inbound_Date        2019-01-01
Product A        Oubound_Date        2019-05-08
Product A        Return_Date         2019-06-25
Product B        Inbound_Date        2019-03-08
Product B        Outbound_Date       2019-03-15
Product B        Return_Date         2019-04-17

我需要在代码中进行哪些更改才能使其正常工作?

What do I need to change in my code to make it work?

答

我认为您只需要 case 表达式:

I think you just need case expressions:

select f.product,
       (case when inbound_date is not null then 'inbound_date' 
             when outbound_date is not null then 'outbound_date'
             when return_date is not null then 'return_date'
        end) date_type,
       (case when inbound_date is not null then inbound_date
             when outbound_date is not null then outbound_date
             when return_date is not null then return_date
        end) as flow_date
from flows f;

如果每行可以有多个非值，则会变得更加复杂.

This becomes more complicated if you can have multiple non-NULL values per row.

在这种情况下，全部联合是一种简单的方法

In that case, union all is a simple enough approach

select fd.*
from ((select f.product, 'inbound_date' as date_type, inbound_date as flow_date
       from flows f
      ) union all
      (select f.product, 'outbound_date' as date_type, outbound_date as flow_date
       from flows f
      ) union all
      (select f.product, 'return_date' as date_type, return_date as flow_date
       from flows f
      )
     ) fd
where flow_date is not null;

这不一定是最有效的方法(在这种情况下)，但是效果很好.如果 flows 实际上是一个视图，则可能会首选替代方法.

This is not necessarily the most efficient method (in this case), but it works well. If flows is really a view, then alternatives might be preferred.

将列名称转置为行并将值放在单独的列中

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